Abstract:The colossal task of resettling over one million refugees in interwar Greece involved—in addition to multiple domestic actors—various foreign state, non-state, and private business agents, as well as the League of Nations and the Refugee Settlement Commission established under its auspices. Refugee resettlement had already been associated with the consolidation of the state’s fragile sovereignty in the recently acquired northern provinces. The sovereign prerogatives of Greece, restricted ever since the state’s establishment, were in a kind of limbo in the years following the Asia Minor Catastrophe. During these years, governance powers beyond the Greek state, most importantly the Refugee Settlement Commission, in collaboration with decision-making centers within Greece, temporarily assumed many of the functions a sovereign state was expected to carry out. These powers, working jointly with Greek actors, aided in refugee resettlement while simultaneously contributing to the territorialization of state power and its institutional and infrastructural consolidation in the “New Lands.”
{"title":"Multi-actor Synergies, Sovereignty, and Refugee Resettlement in Interwar Greece","authors":"Lina Venturas","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2022.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2022.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The colossal task of resettling over one million refugees in interwar Greece involved—in addition to multiple domestic actors—various foreign state, non-state, and private business agents, as well as the League of Nations and the Refugee Settlement Commission established under its auspices. Refugee resettlement had already been associated with the consolidation of the state’s fragile sovereignty in the recently acquired northern provinces. The sovereign prerogatives of Greece, restricted ever since the state’s establishment, were in a kind of limbo in the years following the Asia Minor Catastrophe. During these years, governance powers beyond the Greek state, most importantly the Refugee Settlement Commission, in collaboration with decision-making centers within Greece, temporarily assumed many of the functions a sovereign state was expected to carry out. These powers, working jointly with Greek actors, aided in refugee resettlement while simultaneously contributing to the territorialization of state power and its institutional and infrastructural consolidation in the “New Lands.”","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45502845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Greek Revolution: 1821 and the Making of Modern Europe by Mark Mazower, and: The Greek Revolution in the Age of Revolutions (1776–1848): Reappraisals and Comparisons by ed by Paschalis M. Kitromilides (review)","authors":"Lucien J. Frary","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2022.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2022.0030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42512807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Greek Revolution: A Critical Dictionary ed. by Paschalis M. Kitromilides and Constantinos Tsoukalas (review)","authors":"M. Hatzopoulos","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2022.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2022.0038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43841374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ilıcak, H. Şükrü, ed. 2021. “Those Infidel Greeks”: The Greek War of Independence through Ottoman Archival Documents. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill. Kitromilides, Paschalis. 2009. “Paradigm Nation: The Study of Nationalism and the ‘Canonization’ of Greece.” In The Making of Modern Greece: Nationalism, Romanticism, and the Uses of the Past (1797–1896), edited by Roderick Beaton and David Ricks, 21–32. Farnham, UK, and Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
{"title":"Democratisation in Spain, Greece and Portugal ed. by Maria Elena Cavallaro and Kostis Kornetis (review)","authors":"Iosif Kovras","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2022.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2022.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Ilıcak, H. Şükrü, ed. 2021. “Those Infidel Greeks”: The Greek War of Independence through Ottoman Archival Documents. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill. Kitromilides, Paschalis. 2009. “Paradigm Nation: The Study of Nationalism and the ‘Canonization’ of Greece.” In The Making of Modern Greece: Nationalism, Romanticism, and the Uses of the Past (1797–1896), edited by Roderick Beaton and David Ricks, 21–32. Farnham, UK, and Burlington, VT: Ashgate.","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43855981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The Aegean Sea and its landscape stretching across the Greek-Turkish border has since the establishment of the Greek state always been a space of inter-locking politics and discourses surrounding the figure of the refugee. Since the so-called refugee crisis, processes of construction of refugee deservingness have increasingly centered around the category of vulnerability. Ethnographic work conducted on the island of Lesbos and in Athens between 2017 and 2019 permits an examination of the ways in which contemporary asylum and reception services construct layers of human worthiness and spaces of worth extraction. Denial of urgency, prioritization, and normalization are key strategies of the spatial governance of the displaced in the Aegean borderscape. Juxtaposing the 1923 Population Exchange with the more recent displacement suggests some continuities, similarities, and differences that can lead to a deeper understanding of the geographical, social, and political factors that continue to shape the meaning of the refugee in contemporary Greece.
{"title":"Evolving Moral Economies of Vulnerability in the Aegean Borderscape","authors":"Evie Papada","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2022.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2022.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Aegean Sea and its landscape stretching across the Greek-Turkish border has since the establishment of the Greek state always been a space of inter-locking politics and discourses surrounding the figure of the refugee. Since the so-called refugee crisis, processes of construction of refugee deservingness have increasingly centered around the category of vulnerability. Ethnographic work conducted on the island of Lesbos and in Athens between 2017 and 2019 permits an examination of the ways in which contemporary asylum and reception services construct layers of human worthiness and spaces of worth extraction. Denial of urgency, prioritization, and normalization are key strategies of the spatial governance of the displaced in the Aegean borderscape. Juxtaposing the 1923 Population Exchange with the more recent displacement suggests some continuities, similarities, and differences that can lead to a deeper understanding of the geographical, social, and political factors that continue to shape the meaning of the refugee in contemporary Greece.","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46194300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bordwell, David. 2005. Figures Traced in Light: On Cinematic Staging. Berkeley: University of California Press. Deleuze, Gilles. 2001. Pure Immanence: Essays on a Life. Translated by Anne Boyman. New York: Zone Books. Horton, Andrew. 1997a. The Films of Theo Angelopoulos: A Cinema of Contemplation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ———. ed. 1997b. The Last Modernist: Theo Angelopoulos. Westport, CT: Praeger. Kierkegaard, Søren. 1992. Either/Or: A Fragment of Life. Translated by Alastair Hannay. London: Penguin. Stathi, Irini, ed. 2000. Theo Angelopoulos. Thessaloniki: Thessaloniki Film Festival Publications.
{"title":"The Archeologist and Selected Sea Stories by Andreas Karkavitsas (review)","authors":"Patricia Felisa Barbeito","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2022.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2022.0037","url":null,"abstract":"Bordwell, David. 2005. Figures Traced in Light: On Cinematic Staging. Berkeley: University of California Press. Deleuze, Gilles. 2001. Pure Immanence: Essays on a Life. Translated by Anne Boyman. New York: Zone Books. Horton, Andrew. 1997a. The Films of Theo Angelopoulos: A Cinema of Contemplation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ———. ed. 1997b. The Last Modernist: Theo Angelopoulos. Westport, CT: Praeger. Kierkegaard, Søren. 1992. Either/Or: A Fragment of Life. Translated by Alastair Hannay. London: Penguin. Stathi, Irini, ed. 2000. Theo Angelopoulos. Thessaloniki: Thessaloniki Film Festival Publications.","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42484344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Greek Fire: American-Ottoman Relations and Democratic Fervor in the Age of Revolutions by Maureen Connors Santelli (review)","authors":"Ada A. Dialla","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2022.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2022.0039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45741681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kalliopi Amygdalou, E. C. Asrav, I. N. Grigoriadis
Abstract:Following the Balkan Wars, the First World War, the 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish War, and the 1923 mutual and compulsory Population Exchange between Greece and Turkey, millions left their towns and villages behind and their homes, schools, and religious buildings were re-used by incoming refugees from the other side or were left in ruins. In the last two decades, a number of old church buildings across Anatolia have been reused, on the initiative of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, as sites of sporadic or periodic religious services. During the same period, many of these buildings have been restored as cultural centers. A range of stakeholders were involved in these two processes, including the local authorities, religious bodies, and professional experts, all pursuing their own priorities and interpretations. How do rituals—in the form of religious services—and restoration activities become entangled in competing relationships with buildings and with the past? The situation in the Izmir region offers insights into the complex involvement of space, matter, form, and ritual in the making of meaning and heritage, and can inform discussions about the legacy of the Population Exchange and heritage preservation in regions overridden by antagonistic nationalisms and uncontrolled development.
{"title":"Between Ritual and Restoration: Remembering and Reclaiming Ionia’s Religious Architectural Heritage","authors":"Kalliopi Amygdalou, E. C. Asrav, I. N. Grigoriadis","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2022.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2022.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Following the Balkan Wars, the First World War, the 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish War, and the 1923 mutual and compulsory Population Exchange between Greece and Turkey, millions left their towns and villages behind and their homes, schools, and religious buildings were re-used by incoming refugees from the other side or were left in ruins. In the last two decades, a number of old church buildings across Anatolia have been reused, on the initiative of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, as sites of sporadic or periodic religious services. During the same period, many of these buildings have been restored as cultural centers. A range of stakeholders were involved in these two processes, including the local authorities, religious bodies, and professional experts, all pursuing their own priorities and interpretations. How do rituals—in the form of religious services—and restoration activities become entangled in competing relationships with buildings and with the past? The situation in the Izmir region offers insights into the complex involvement of space, matter, form, and ritual in the making of meaning and heritage, and can inform discussions about the legacy of the Population Exchange and heritage preservation in regions overridden by antagonistic nationalisms and uncontrolled development.","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48504826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Cinematic Language of Theo Angelopoulos by Vrasidas Karalis (review)","authors":"E. Kosmidou","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2022.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2022.0036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48994078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The unapologetic rise of “ethno-nationalism,” white nationalism, and supremacist narratives in the contemporary world context has led scholars to revisit the histories of totalitarianism, fascism, and authoritarianism. Challenging the idea that these violent racialized histories have been confined to the past, critical scholars argue that their legacies are in fact prominent aspects of the history of the present. What does it mean to remember the 1923 exchange of Muslims and Greek Orthodox Christians between Greece and Turkey today? An exploration of the implications of the Greco-Turkish exchange through the prism of biopolitics in the contemporary world context—juxtaposing the biopolitical dimensions of the 1923 exchange with the contemporary refugee crisis, white identitarian civilizationism and violence, neo-Ottomanist Islamic civilizational counter-mobilization, and the reopening of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul as a mosque—raises questions about the scope of memory work on the hundredth anniversary of the 1923 exchange. These questions are to be addressed through the palimpsests of the history of the present.
{"title":"Rethinking the Greco-Turkish Population Exchange in the Civilizationist Present","authors":"Aslı Iğsız","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2022.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2022.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The unapologetic rise of “ethno-nationalism,” white nationalism, and supremacist narratives in the contemporary world context has led scholars to revisit the histories of totalitarianism, fascism, and authoritarianism. Challenging the idea that these violent racialized histories have been confined to the past, critical scholars argue that their legacies are in fact prominent aspects of the history of the present. What does it mean to remember the 1923 exchange of Muslims and Greek Orthodox Christians between Greece and Turkey today? An exploration of the implications of the Greco-Turkish exchange through the prism of biopolitics in the contemporary world context—juxtaposing the biopolitical dimensions of the 1923 exchange with the contemporary refugee crisis, white identitarian civilizationism and violence, neo-Ottomanist Islamic civilizational counter-mobilization, and the reopening of Hagia Sophia in Istanbul as a mosque—raises questions about the scope of memory work on the hundredth anniversary of the 1923 exchange. These questions are to be addressed through the palimpsests of the history of the present.","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47138192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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