Abstract:During the first two years of the Occupation of Greece by the Axis powers (1941–1942), the Odeon of Herodes Atticus had a symbolic place within fascist ideology. Legislative reform and a cultural revival of the ancient monument played a crucial role in the artistic expression of the occupying forces. Productions of Greek companies were tightly controlled by the Italian and German authorities, and fascist military personnel attended many of them. At the same time, German and Italian artists collaborated with Greek productions, staged their own events, and broadcast them to their homeland through radio transmission. It was, however, the German film Fronttheater (1942) that epitomized the fascist appropriation of the Roman Odeon as a monumental site of spectacle where war and fiction were inextricably interwoven. The film exhibited how the occupying powers enforced and exercised their cultural authority in Athens. In this regard, the fascist myth of ancestral rebirth transformed civic spaces into sites of spectacular politics.
{"title":"Axis Occupation and the Odeon of Herodes Atticus: Artistic Production under Fascism (1941–1942)","authors":"Vasileios Balaskas","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2023.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2023.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:During the first two years of the Occupation of Greece by the Axis powers (1941–1942), the Odeon of Herodes Atticus had a symbolic place within fascist ideology. Legislative reform and a cultural revival of the ancient monument played a crucial role in the artistic expression of the occupying forces. Productions of Greek companies were tightly controlled by the Italian and German authorities, and fascist military personnel attended many of them. At the same time, German and Italian artists collaborated with Greek productions, staged their own events, and broadcast them to their homeland through radio transmission. It was, however, the German film Fronttheater (1942) that epitomized the fascist appropriation of the Roman Odeon as a monumental site of spectacle where war and fiction were inextricably interwoven. The film exhibited how the occupying powers enforced and exercised their cultural authority in Athens. In this regard, the fascist myth of ancestral rebirth transformed civic spaces into sites of spectacular politics.","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"41 1","pages":"55 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41640055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thessaloniki: A City in Transition, 1912–2012 ed. by Dimitris Keridis and John Brady Kiesling (review)","authors":"Iakovos D. Michailidis","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"41 1","pages":"145 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46301753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
of the give and take of the seminar than of any other traditional academic genre—but because it is a trail blaze, or, as Greenberg puts it, “a report on stages in a journey to an unrecognizable destination” (151). Readers of this journal should be especially interested in this slim volume for its productive comparisons of the Greek and Israeli cases and for the many other insights that one encounters along the way. For archaeologists, this book should be required reading: it brings new vistas into view and charts critical futures for archaeological inquiry.
{"title":"Memories of Asia Minor in Contemporary Greek Culture: An Itinerary by Kristina Gedgaudaité (review)","authors":"Aimilia (Emilia) Salvanou","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2023.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2023.0009","url":null,"abstract":"of the give and take of the seminar than of any other traditional academic genre—but because it is a trail blaze, or, as Greenberg puts it, “a report on stages in a journey to an unrecognizable destination” (151). Readers of this journal should be especially interested in this slim volume for its productive comparisons of the Greek and Israeli cases and for the many other insights that one encounters along the way. For archaeologists, this book should be required reading: it brings new vistas into view and charts critical futures for archaeological inquiry.","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"41 1","pages":"151 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42911989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Archaeology, Nation, and Race: Confronting the Past, Decolonizing the Future in Greece and Israel by Raphael Greenberg and Yannis Hamilakis (review)","authors":"Dimitri Nakassis","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2023.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2023.0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"41 1","pages":"149 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43330799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos was the “father” of modern Greek historiography, and his monumental Ιστορία του ελληνικού έθνους (History of the Hellenic Nation) was for its time a comprehensive and controversial achievement, an imaginative and learned tapestry of Greek history from antiquity to the present, woven with the golden thread of Hellenism. Against the prevailing views of European intellectuals, Paparrigopoulos understood the history of the Greek nation, people, culture, and language as unbroken—certainly subjected at times to the rule of foreign powers—but always enduring. To link ancient, medieval, and modern Greece into a single story, he developed a narrative of continuity in which Greece was guided by Providence toward a teleology that was realized in the fusion of Hellenism and Christianity and a polity of church and empire whose institutions were simultaneously, and paradoxically, democratic and monarchic. Two critical historical events made this possible: the reign of Constantine and the Council of Nicaea.
{"title":"Paparrigopoulos on Continuity, Constantine, and the Council of Nicaea","authors":"Young Richard Kim","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2023.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2023.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos was the “father” of modern Greek historiography, and his monumental Ιστορία του ελληνικού έθνους (History of the Hellenic Nation) was for its time a comprehensive and controversial achievement, an imaginative and learned tapestry of Greek history from antiquity to the present, woven with the golden thread of Hellenism. Against the prevailing views of European intellectuals, Paparrigopoulos understood the history of the Greek nation, people, culture, and language as unbroken—certainly subjected at times to the rule of foreign powers—but always enduring. To link ancient, medieval, and modern Greece into a single story, he developed a narrative of continuity in which Greece was guided by Providence toward a teleology that was realized in the fusion of Hellenism and Christianity and a polity of church and empire whose institutions were simultaneously, and paradoxically, democratic and monarchic. Two critical historical events made this possible: the reign of Constantine and the Council of Nicaea.","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"41 1","pages":"1 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41334337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In the Orthodox commonwealth, faith has been an important variable of national identity since the Balkan national movements of the nineteenth century. Part of the literature highlights how local Churches stood by and assisted self-determination efforts. Later, during the Cold War, political and national aspirations were transferred via the Church and immigrant institutions into North America. More precisely, Greek-, Bulgarian-, and Slav-Macedonian communities, with the support of their respective Churches, created an environment of antagonism regarding the ownership of the geographic area of Macedonia. In the aftermath of World War II, the aforementioned diasporas mobilized to defend their political ambitions and mother Churches and their eparchies coordinated their efforts to exert influence on immigrants originating from all three parts of Macedonia and to increase support for their national claims among the US and Canadian publics.
{"title":"The Orthodox Church and the Macedonian Question in North America: Religion, Diaspora, and Ethnic Politics (1957–1989)","authors":"Athanasios Grammenos","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2023.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2023.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the Orthodox commonwealth, faith has been an important variable of national identity since the Balkan national movements of the nineteenth century. Part of the literature highlights how local Churches stood by and assisted self-determination efforts. Later, during the Cold War, political and national aspirations were transferred via the Church and immigrant institutions into North America. More precisely, Greek-, Bulgarian-, and Slav-Macedonian communities, with the support of their respective Churches, created an environment of antagonism regarding the ownership of the geographic area of Macedonia. In the aftermath of World War II, the aforementioned diasporas mobilized to defend their political ambitions and mother Churches and their eparchies coordinated their efforts to exert influence on immigrants originating from all three parts of Macedonia and to increase support for their national claims among the US and Canadian publics.","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"41 1","pages":"111 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42352039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
to various autocrats across the globe. In the case of Greece, American strategy was tied to Greek local priorities through influential mediators with Greek or Greek-American surnames, among them Tom Pappas, Spiro T. Agnew or CIA Chief of Station in Greece Thomas Karamessines. Several US and Greek documents enrich the authors’ narrations. In Papahelas’s book they build up a voluminous body of primary sources while avoiding the image of a scholastic analysis through the use of new technologies. In particular, the extensive application of printed QR codes allows the portability of the book as well as the scanning of rich archival material that helps reveal the complexity of research into the rather recent and cryptic period of the Greek dictatorship. Amply documented, meticulously indexed, and remarkably well written, these two works contribute significantly to the historiography of Greek-American relations and their rocky path during the Cold War.
给全球各地的独裁者。在希腊问题上，美国的战略是通过希腊或希腊裔美国姓氏的有影响力的调解人与希腊当地的优先事项联系在一起的，其中包括汤姆·帕帕斯(Tom Pappas)、斯皮罗·t·阿格纽(Spiro T. Agnew)或中央情报局(CIA)驻希腊站长托马斯·卡拉梅西斯(Thomas Karamessines)。一些美国和希腊文献丰富了作者的叙述。在帕帕赫拉斯的书中，他们建立了大量的原始资料，同时避免了通过使用新技术进行学术分析的形象。特别是，印刷QR码的广泛应用允许书籍的便携性以及丰富的档案材料的扫描，这有助于揭示对希腊独裁统治最近和神秘时期的研究的复杂性。这两部著作文献详实，索引严谨，文笔出色，对希腊-美国关系的史学研究及其在冷战期间的坎坷之路做出了重大贡献。
{"title":"The Greek Military Dictatorship: Revisiting a Troubled Past, 1967–1974 ed. by Othon Anastasakis and Katerina Lagos (review)","authors":"Kostis Kornetis","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2023.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2023.0006","url":null,"abstract":"to various autocrats across the globe. In the case of Greece, American strategy was tied to Greek local priorities through influential mediators with Greek or Greek-American surnames, among them Tom Pappas, Spiro T. Agnew or CIA Chief of Station in Greece Thomas Karamessines. Several US and Greek documents enrich the authors’ narrations. In Papahelas’s book they build up a voluminous body of primary sources while avoiding the image of a scholastic analysis through the use of new technologies. In particular, the extensive application of printed QR codes allows the portability of the book as well as the scanning of rich archival material that helps reveal the complexity of research into the rather recent and cryptic period of the Greek dictatorship. Amply documented, meticulously indexed, and remarkably well written, these two works contribute significantly to the historiography of Greek-American relations and their rocky path during the Cold War.","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"41 1","pages":"141 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43862782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Koffa, Sissy Tsavdara, Haris Razakos, P. Mavrelis
Abstract:During the Civil War in Greece (1946–1949), thousands of people were tried by Special Courts-Martial and sentenced to a range of very harsh penalties, including death. Systematic research into the complete archive of the Special Courts-Martial allows a determination of the exact number of people tried as well as the penalties imposed, filling the existing bibliographical gap. Quantitative analysis of the data highlights the primary objective of the Special Courts-Martial, which was to eliminate the Democratic Army and punish communists and their supporters rather than to deliver justice. It also lays bare the correlation between the intensity and scope of military operations and the tempo of Special Courts-Martial at the national and local levels.
{"title":"Special Courts-Martial during the Greek Civil War, 1946–1951: A Comprehensive Evaluation","authors":"D. Koffa, Sissy Tsavdara, Haris Razakos, P. Mavrelis","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2023.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:During the Civil War in Greece (1946–1949), thousands of people were tried by Special Courts-Martial and sentenced to a range of very harsh penalties, including death. Systematic research into the complete archive of the Special Courts-Martial allows a determination of the exact number of people tried as well as the penalties imposed, filling the existing bibliographical gap. Quantitative analysis of the data highlights the primary objective of the Special Courts-Martial, which was to eliminate the Democratic Army and punish communists and their supporters rather than to deliver justice. It also lays bare the correlation between the intensity and scope of military operations and the tempo of Special Courts-Martial at the national and local levels.","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"41 1","pages":"110 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49381520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.5406/2327753x.41.1.29
Carla A. Simonini
{"title":"Redirecting Ethnic Singularity: Italian Americans and Greek Americans in Conversation ed. by Yiorgos Anagnostou, Yiorgos Kalogeras and Theodora Patrona (review)","authors":"Carla A. Simonini","doi":"10.5406/2327753x.41.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5406/2327753x.41.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"41 1","pages":"317 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42916722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The colossal task of resettling over one million refugees in interwar Greece involved—in addition to multiple domestic actors—various foreign state, non-state, and private business agents, as well as the League of Nations and the Refugee Settlement Commission established under its auspices. Refugee resettlement had already been associated with the consolidation of the state’s fragile sovereignty in the recently acquired northern provinces. The sovereign prerogatives of Greece, restricted ever since the state’s establishment, were in a kind of limbo in the years following the Asia Minor Catastrophe. During these years, governance powers beyond the Greek state, most importantly the Refugee Settlement Commission, in collaboration with decision-making centers within Greece, temporarily assumed many of the functions a sovereign state was expected to carry out. These powers, working jointly with Greek actors, aided in refugee resettlement while simultaneously contributing to the territorialization of state power and its institutional and infrastructural consolidation in the “New Lands.”
{"title":"Multi-actor Synergies, Sovereignty, and Refugee Resettlement in Interwar Greece","authors":"Lina Venturas","doi":"10.1353/mgs.2022.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2022.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The colossal task of resettling over one million refugees in interwar Greece involved—in addition to multiple domestic actors—various foreign state, non-state, and private business agents, as well as the League of Nations and the Refugee Settlement Commission established under its auspices. Refugee resettlement had already been associated with the consolidation of the state’s fragile sovereignty in the recently acquired northern provinces. The sovereign prerogatives of Greece, restricted ever since the state’s establishment, were in a kind of limbo in the years following the Asia Minor Catastrophe. During these years, governance powers beyond the Greek state, most importantly the Refugee Settlement Commission, in collaboration with decision-making centers within Greece, temporarily assumed many of the functions a sovereign state was expected to carry out. These powers, working jointly with Greek actors, aided in refugee resettlement while simultaneously contributing to the territorialization of state power and its institutional and infrastructural consolidation in the “New Lands.”","PeriodicalId":43810,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF MODERN GREEK STUDIES","volume":"40 1","pages":"299 - 317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45502845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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