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The changing landscape of professional development. 不断变化的专业发展格局。
IF 1.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2021.1903303
David Bryson

This learning activity looks at the changes that have taken place in professional development both in terms of the background of learners Generation Z, Generation Y, and the types of learning that are available as more and more professional learning opportunities are online. Online learning has become the new normal but how fast are we adopting and encouraging the mix of learners working in medical illustration and healthcare generally to access online professional development opportunities?

这项学习活动着眼于专业发展中发生的变化,包括学习者的背景Z一代,Y一代,以及随着越来越多的专业学习机会在网上提供的学习类型。在线学习已成为新常态,但我们采用和鼓励在医学插图和医疗保健领域工作的学习者混合使用在线专业发展机会的速度有多快?
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引用次数: 2
Mieke Roth - Scientific illustrator. 迈克·罗斯-科学插画家。
IF 1.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-14 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2021.1896191
Mieke Roth

As an independent scientific visualizer I tackle a wide range of subjects for my clients. But my heart lies with animal anatomy.

作为一名独立的科学可视化师,我为我的客户处理各种各样的主题。但我的心在动物解剖学上。
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引用次数: 0
My body sings no lullabies: an exploration into polycystic ovary syndrome. 我的身体不唱摇篮曲:多囊卵巢综合征的探索。
IF 1.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-08 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2021.1896358
Lauren Emmerson
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引用次数: 0
Digital photographic technique for the production of an artificial eye. 人造眼制作人工眼睛的数码摄影技术
IF 1.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2021.1882294
Timothy Zoltie, Paul Bartlett, Tom Archer, Emma Walshaw, Taras Gout

The use of hand painting an iris button using oil paint remains the conventional method of artificial eye manufacturing. The authors found that replacing this technique with a digital photograph taken of a patient's unaffected eye offers several advantages over the conventional method but the process from capture to print must be standardised and colour accurate. The authors of this paper suggest a tried and tested formulated photographic process of capture and printing prior to polymerisation. It discusses issues that can arise and how these can be overcome in order to achieve a high-quality print that can be used to produce a 'life like' ocular prosthesis.

使用油彩手工绘制虹膜按钮仍然是制造人工眼睛的传统方法。作者发现,用病人未受影响的眼睛的数码照片代替这种技术比传统方法有几个优点,但是从捕捉到打印的过程必须标准化,颜色必须准确。本文的作者提出了一种经过试验和测试的照相过程,即在聚合之前捕获和打印。它讨论了可能出现的问题,以及如何克服这些问题,以实现高质量的打印,并用于生产“逼真”的眼部假体。
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引用次数: 2
Reducing mental illness stigma: What types of images are most effective? 减少精神疾病的耻辱:哪种类型的图像最有效?
IF 1.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.1080/17453054.2021.1901561
Roma Subramanian, Jonathan B Santo

Public stigma against mental illness is a barrier to treatment and recovery. Research into the design of anti-stigma messages has focused heavily on text; there is limited information on what types of images are most persuasive in eliciting anti-stigma outcomes. This is important to study because the type of image used to depict an illness can influence how the illness is perceived, which in turn can affect how people with the illness are treated. Through an online experiment with 162 American adults, this study investigated whether mental illness narratives about depression illustrated with photographs are more effective than those illustrated with cartoons at reducing stigma. It was found that the illustrated narratives, whether with photo or cartoon, produced more anti-stigma effects than the text-only narrative (control). Further, the photographic narrative was more effective than the cartoon narrative in eliciting closeness to the story protagonist and willingness to donate to mental health services. The study's findings indicate that images should be used in anti-stigma messages on depression; further, regarding image type, photographs should be considered over cartoons as they are more effective in eliciting certain anti-stigma outcomes.Implications for PracticeThis study suggests that images have strong anti-stigma effects and that photographs are sometimes more persuasive than cartoons. These findings can inform best-practice guidelines for designing anti-stigma messages, created and disseminated by organisations such as the United States' National Alliance on Mental Illness and Mental Health America. Images in these messages should be selected carefully as they can influence how people with mental illness are perceived and treated.

公众对精神疾病的耻辱感是治疗和康复的障碍。对反污名信息设计的研究主要集中在文本上;关于哪种类型的图像在引发反污名化结果方面最有说服力的信息有限。研究这一点很重要,因为用来描述疾病的图像类型会影响人们对疾病的看法,而这反过来又会影响患者的治疗方式。通过一项针对162名美国成年人的在线实验,这项研究调查了用照片说明的关于抑郁症的精神疾病叙述是否比用漫画说明的精神疾病叙述更能有效地减少耻辱感。研究发现,插图叙事,无论是照片还是漫画,比纯文字叙事(对照)产生了更多的反污名效果。此外,摄影叙事比卡通叙事更有效地激发了人们对故事主角的亲近和对心理健康服务的捐赠意愿。研究结果表明,图像应该用于抑郁症的反污名信息;此外,关于图像类型,应该考虑照片而不是漫画,因为它们在引发某些反污名化结果方面更有效。对实践的启示这项研究表明,图像有很强的反污名效应,照片有时比漫画更有说服力。这些发现可以为设计反污名化信息的最佳实践指南提供信息,这些信息是由美国全国精神疾病和美国精神卫生联盟等组织创建和传播的。这些信息中的图像应该仔细选择,因为它们会影响人们对精神疾病患者的看法和治疗。
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引用次数: 1
‘We all have friends like that’ “我们都有这样的朋友。”
IF 1.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-15 DOI: 10.1558/CAM.39254
L. Roper, N. Sturman
Medical professionals are in an ideal position to mediate between the benefits and harms of internet-sourced medical information, but there is reluctance by patients to discuss with their doctors information found online. This is the first study undertaken in a rural Australian context, where service limitations mean patients’ use of the internet may be especially important. Patients attending general practice clinics (n = 33) were interviewed to discover how they used the internet for health information and how they discussed this with their doctors. Analysis used a constant comparison method, informed by grounded theory and a dramaturgical framework. Most participants used a range of tactics when discussing internet-sourced medical information, including concealment, disguise or upfront apologetic disclosures to avoid undermining the expertise of the doctor. These findings do not confirm predictions made in the past that patients’ acquisition of internet health information would alter the power dynamic of the medical consultation. Potentially, proactive, doctor-initiated inquiry about internet medical information may help to normalise patients’ internet use, allowing open discussion, so doctors can maximise benefits and reduce harms of internet health information. Further study is required to see if this will be an effective strategy and impact health outcomes.
医疗专业人员处于一个理想的位置,可以在互联网医疗信息的利与弊之间进行调解,但患者不愿意与医生讨论在网上找到的信息。这是第一个在澳大利亚农村地区进行的研究,那里的服务限制意味着患者使用互联网可能特别重要。在全科诊所就诊的患者(n = 33)接受了采访,以了解他们如何使用互联网获取健康信息,以及他们如何与医生讨论这个问题。分析采用了不断比较的方法,以扎实的理论和戏剧框架为依据。大多数参与者在讨论来自互联网的医疗信息时采用了一系列策略,包括隐瞒、伪装或提前道歉,以避免损害医生的专业知识。这些发现并不能证实过去的预测,即患者获取互联网健康信息将改变医疗咨询的权力动态。潜在地,医生主动发起的关于互联网医疗信息的询问可能有助于规范患者的互联网使用,允许公开讨论,因此医生可以最大化互联网健康信息的利益并减少危害。需要进一步研究,以确定这是否将是一项有效的战略并影响健康结果。
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引用次数: 0
Language barriers in healthcare delivery 卫生保健服务中的语言障碍
IF 1.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-15 DOI: 10.1558/CAM.39671
M. A. Ansah, Mercy Adzo Klugah
The relevance of language for quality healthcare delivery cannot be overemphasised. Within the framework of communication accommodation theory, this paper discusses language barriers in expatriate doctor–patient communication in three state-owned hospitals in Ghana, and the strategies employed by the medical personnel to bridge communication gaps. The study design is qualitative and the data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 16 expatriate doctors, three nurses and three patients. Furthermore, observation of five patient–doctor interactions was undertaken and notes taken. Both datasets were then analysed using the qualitative conventional content analysis approach. The findings revealed that the expatriate doctors employed convergence strategies such as ad hoc interpreters, gestures, picture charts and electronic dictionaries to deal with language barriers. The study is expected to stimulate further research into innovative ways of dealing with language barriers in expatriate doctor–patient interactions.
语言与高质量医疗服务的相关性再怎么强调也不为过。在沟通适应理论的框架下,本文探讨了加纳三家国有医院外籍医患沟通中的语言障碍,以及医务人员为弥合沟通差距所采取的策略。研究设计是定性的,数据是通过对16名外籍医生、3名护士和3名患者的半结构化访谈获得的。此外,对五次医患互动进行了观察并做了记录。然后使用定性常规内容分析方法对两个数据集进行分析。调查结果显示,外籍医生采用融合策略,如特设口译、手势、图片图表和电子词典来处理语言障碍。这项研究有望激发进一步的研究,以创新的方式处理外籍医患互动中的语言障碍。
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引用次数: 2
Metadiscourse, materiality and morality in communication skills training with simulated patients 模拟病人沟通技巧训练中的元话语、物质性与道德性
IF 1.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-15 DOI: 10.1558/CAM.39725
G. Peters
Simulated patients (also known as standardized patients) are commonly employed by institutions of medical education to train medical students and assess their communication skills. This article demonstrates that such patients are not translational devices that enact prima facie standards of communication skills as laid out by the institutions that use them, but rather metadiscursively transform communication practices. This is shown via a case study that closely examines a series of interactions between a simulated patient and a third-year medical student during a practice exam designed for the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 2 Clinical Skills. I use discourse analysis to show how communication skills are transformed in three practices: (1) simulated consultations between standardized patients and medical students; (2) spoken evaluations offered by standardized patients after simulated consultations between standardized patients and medical students; and (3) written evaluations offered by standardized patients in assessment forms. In particular, by attending to how a simulated patient makes the act of draping the patient a relevant communication skill, I explicate the material elements and moral implications of clinical communication. Finally, I consider the instructive role simulated patients play in medical education and how their standards build on and often stand in contrast to communication skills techniques. I conclude by making practical suggestions for communication skills training with simulated patients in medical education.
模拟病人(也称为标准化病人)通常被医学教育机构用来训练医学生和评估他们的沟通技巧。这篇文章表明,这些病人并不是制定由使用它们的机构制定的沟通技巧的初步标准的翻译设备,而是元话语性地转化沟通实践。这是通过一个案例研究来展示的,该案例研究仔细检查了在为美国医疗执照考试第二步临床技能设计的实践考试中,模拟患者和三年级医学生之间的一系列互动。我使用话语分析来展示沟通技巧如何在三个实践中转变:(1)标准化患者和医学生之间的模拟咨询;(2)标准化患者与医学生模拟会诊后的口头评价;(3)标准化患者在评价表中提供的书面评价。特别是,通过关注一个模拟的病人如何使给病人披上衣服的行为成为一种相关的沟通技巧,我解释了临床沟通的物质要素和道德含义。最后,我考虑了模拟病人在医学教育中的指导作用,以及他们的标准如何建立在沟通技巧技巧的基础上,并经常与之形成对比。最后,对医学教育中模拟患者的沟通技巧培训提出了切实可行的建议。
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引用次数: 0
‘No problem’ advice during occupational health examinations 在职业健康检查期间提供“没问题”的建议
IF 1.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-15 DOI: 10.1558/CAM.37849
Elina Weiste, T. Leino, J. Laitinen
In many countries, occupational health examinations are considered to have a central role in ensuring that employees’ health and work ability are maintained or enhanced. In contemporary Finland, the institutional goal of these examinations is to construct a health plan based on the client’s own aims, and in this paper we analyse how occupational health nurses and clients in Finland negotiate what is considered to be a problem. The data consist of 10 video-recorded occupational health examination encounters, analysed by means of conversation analysis. Our analysis focuses on ‘no problem’ advice, in which the advice giving is initiated in the absence of a problem-indicative response. The client’s ‘no problem’ response was typically followed by the nurse upgrading the problem that she had identified and giving a general reminder of a possible problem. The clients resisted not so much the content of the advice, but the act of advising itself. In a few cases, the client’s ‘no problem’ response was followed by a turn in which the nurse contested the client’s knowledge and offered advice that was tailored to the client’s situation. The client acknowledged the advice as new information. Our findings indicate that regardless of client-centred ideals, the interaction in occupational health examinations is largely led by nurses, who set up the agenda and raise issues that they consider to be problems for their clients.
在许多国家,职业健康检查被认为在确保维持或提高雇员的健康和工作能力方面具有核心作用。在当代芬兰,这些检查的制度目标是根据客户自己的目标构建一个健康计划,在本文中,我们分析了芬兰的职业健康护士和客户如何协商被认为是一个问题。数据包括10次职业健康检查的视频记录,采用会话分析的方法进行分析。我们的分析集中在“没有问题”的建议上,这种建议是在没有问题指示性回应的情况下提出的。在病人回答“没问题”之后,护士通常会对她发现的问题进行升级,并对可能出现的问题进行一般性提醒。客户反对的与其说是建议的内容,不如说是建议的行为本身。在少数情况下,客户的“没问题”的反应之后,护士会对客户的知识提出质疑,并根据客户的情况提供建议。客户承认这个建议是新的信息。我们的研究结果表明,无论以客户为中心的理想如何,职业健康检查中的互动在很大程度上是由护士主导的,他们制定议程并提出他们认为对客户有问题的问题。
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引用次数: 1
Opening up space for compassion in nurses’ handover meetings 在护士交接会议上为同情开辟空间
IF 1.4 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-01-15 DOI: 10.1558/CAM.38920
Harriet R. Lloyd, Tom Bartlett, Michelle Aldridge-Waddon, Tereza Spilioti, V. Ylänne
In this paper, we complement research into compassion in medical contexts with an analysis of the representation of patients in nursing handovers and the ways in which such practitioner–practitioner interaction can be said to demonstrate and evoke feelings of compassion towards patients. We label such representation as ‘Compassion Talk’ and suggest that potentially it can complement the information given as part of the standard format for handovers. The analysis is based on instances of non-scripted talk (NST) from three nursing handover meetings from a highly performing Medical Assessment Unit in the UK. In a data-led qualitative analysis, we find that within NST patients are represented in terms that not only make nurses’ actions to alleviate their suffering seem possible and necessary, but that also highlight their shared humanity and position the patients as if they are members of the nurses’ wider social group. We further demonstrate how NST can be successfully managed by experienced nursing staff and suggest, therefore, that handovers can function not only to pass on information accurately and concisely, but also as a space for nurses to regroup as a community of practice and to relate to their patients in human terms, as a defining principle of the profession.
在这篇论文中,我们通过分析病人在护理交接中的表现,以及这种医生-医生互动可以说是展示和唤起对病人的同情心的方式,来补充医学背景下的同情心研究。我们将这样的表述称为“同情谈话”,并建议它可能会补充作为移交标准格式一部分的信息。该分析基于英国一个高绩效医疗评估单位的三次护理交接会议的非脚本谈话(NST)实例。在一项以数据为主导的定性分析中,我们发现,在NST中,患者的表现不仅使护士采取行动减轻他们的痛苦似乎是可能的和必要的,而且还突出了他们共同的人性,并将患者定位为护士更广泛的社会群体的成员。我们进一步论证了经验丰富的护理人员如何成功地管理NST,并建议,因此,移交不仅可以准确而简洁地传递信息,而且还可以作为护士重组实践社区的空间,并以人性化的方式与患者建立联系,作为职业的定义原则。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine
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