Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1751696X.2022.2122355
Jenny Wallensten
Homeric tradition which localise solstitial concepts, including analysis of solar conditions and calendrical references in the far north, the land of the Hyperboreans. Some of those which frame diurnal solar activities emerge from discussions of the sun’s voyage in a cup, passage through the Pylian and other gates, and places visited by the Argonauts. This section cautiously extends the mythic model beyond the Greek tradition to the Middle East, invoking the solar voyages of Gilgamesh and Alexander. The references cited in this scholarly work are formidable, but although I was far less familiar with them than the author I was nonetheless able to cross the extraordinary cross-cultural bridge that Bilíc has built. Whether the sun races across the sky in a chariot, whether his daily course is limited seasonally or daily by mountains, islands, gates and thresholds, and whatever mythical lands are surrounded by an accessible world of the dead where the sun sleeps a while, the way you witness and tell the story of the sun’s journey depends precisely on where you are in the world.
{"title":"An Ancient Dream Manual: Artemidorus’ Interpretation of Dreams","authors":"Jenny Wallensten","doi":"10.1080/1751696X.2022.2122355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696X.2022.2122355","url":null,"abstract":"Homeric tradition which localise solstitial concepts, including analysis of solar conditions and calendrical references in the far north, the land of the Hyperboreans. Some of those which frame diurnal solar activities emerge from discussions of the sun’s voyage in a cup, passage through the Pylian and other gates, and places visited by the Argonauts. This section cautiously extends the mythic model beyond the Greek tradition to the Middle East, invoking the solar voyages of Gilgamesh and Alexander. The references cited in this scholarly work are formidable, but although I was far less familiar with them than the author I was nonetheless able to cross the extraordinary cross-cultural bridge that Bilíc has built. Whether the sun races across the sky in a chariot, whether his daily course is limited seasonally or daily by mountains, islands, gates and thresholds, and whatever mythical lands are surrounded by an accessible world of the dead where the sun sleeps a while, the way you witness and tell the story of the sun’s journey depends precisely on where you are in the world.","PeriodicalId":43900,"journal":{"name":"Time & Mind-The Journal of Archaeology Consciousness and Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83299279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1751696X.2022.2085527
U. Sen, R. Bhakat
ABSTRACT Sacred groves are tracts of richly diverse virgin forest, protected for centuries by the local people for cultural and religious beliefs and taboos. They believe that the deities live in these groves and save the villagers from various calamities. In terms of biodiversity, history, and religious and ethnic heritage, sacred groves form an inextricable link between the present society and the past. Sacred groves are scattered throughout the world, and various cultures identify them in multiple ways that encode different rules for their protection. Depending on such assumption, this paper highlights the conservation and cultural values of the Santal community surrounding the sacred groves of Binpur II block under the Jhargram district in West Bengal. In addition to the conservation of 210 species of angiosperms, the study shows that these groves have specific direct and indirect socio-economic impacts.
{"title":"Biocultural approaches to sustainability: role of indigenous knowledge systems in biodiversity conservation of West Bengal, India","authors":"U. Sen, R. Bhakat","doi":"10.1080/1751696X.2022.2085527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696X.2022.2085527","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sacred groves are tracts of richly diverse virgin forest, protected for centuries by the local people for cultural and religious beliefs and taboos. They believe that the deities live in these groves and save the villagers from various calamities. In terms of biodiversity, history, and religious and ethnic heritage, sacred groves form an inextricable link between the present society and the past. Sacred groves are scattered throughout the world, and various cultures identify them in multiple ways that encode different rules for their protection. Depending on such assumption, this paper highlights the conservation and cultural values of the Santal community surrounding the sacred groves of Binpur II block under the Jhargram district in West Bengal. In addition to the conservation of 210 species of angiosperms, the study shows that these groves have specific direct and indirect socio-economic impacts.","PeriodicalId":43900,"journal":{"name":"Time & Mind-The Journal of Archaeology Consciousness and Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86591577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1751696x.2022.2122357
A. Aveni
{"title":"The Land of the Solstices: Myth, Geography, and Astronomy in Ancient Greece","authors":"A. Aveni","doi":"10.1080/1751696x.2022.2122357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696x.2022.2122357","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43900,"journal":{"name":"Time & Mind-The Journal of Archaeology Consciousness and Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77079744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1751696X.2022.2098047
Marja Ahola, Katri Lassila
ABSTRACT Throughout history, humans have told stories to one another. Although these stories have largely disappeared over the course of time, they have sometimes left material remains, for instance in the form of rock art. However, rock art might not be the only materialization of prehistoric storytelling practices. On the contrary, if made active again, other prehistoric artefacts might also bring past storytelling practices back to life. In this paper, we examine how storytelling might have taken place in Late Mesolithic Finland (c. 6800–5200 cal BCE). As a case study, we investigate a zoomorphic wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) antler artefact from southern Finland, the so-called ‘Lepaa artefact’, with multidisciplinary methods arising from the traditions of experimental archaeology, 3D technologies, and artistic research. As a result, we suggest that Mesolithic storytelling might have been entangled with ritual practices and accompanied by performances that resemble traditional shadow theatre.
{"title":"Mesolithic shadow play? Exploring the performative attributes of a zoomorphic wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) antler artefact from Finland","authors":"Marja Ahola, Katri Lassila","doi":"10.1080/1751696X.2022.2098047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696X.2022.2098047","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Throughout history, humans have told stories to one another. Although these stories have largely disappeared over the course of time, they have sometimes left material remains, for instance in the form of rock art. However, rock art might not be the only materialization of prehistoric storytelling practices. On the contrary, if made active again, other prehistoric artefacts might also bring past storytelling practices back to life. In this paper, we examine how storytelling might have taken place in Late Mesolithic Finland (c. 6800–5200 cal BCE). As a case study, we investigate a zoomorphic wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) antler artefact from southern Finland, the so-called ‘Lepaa artefact’, with multidisciplinary methods arising from the traditions of experimental archaeology, 3D technologies, and artistic research. As a result, we suggest that Mesolithic storytelling might have been entangled with ritual practices and accompanied by performances that resemble traditional shadow theatre.","PeriodicalId":43900,"journal":{"name":"Time & Mind-The Journal of Archaeology Consciousness and Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88740315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1751696X.2022.2103727
Jake Young
ABSTRACT This paper examines how cooking and language emerged and coevolved as drivers of human creativity. Through this dynamic coevolutionary process, shifts in diet affected demographics, which increased social and cognitive complexity, leading to new technological and social innovations, and eventually genetic changes. A work of interdisciplinary synthesis, this paper combines work from diverse fields including anthropology, cognitive archaeology, evolutionary syntax, genre studies, neuroscience, and paleoethnobotany. A key contribution from genres studies is that the emergence of language allowed for a proliferation of linguistic genres (referred to collectively as proto-poetry), and that earworms, or songs stuck in the head, are likely cognitive fossils of these first proto-poems that evolved to enhance working memory and recursive thought. The argument proposed here hinges on the beliefs that in order to better understand how language first arose, we need to ask what the first words were about, and that food was likely the subject around which language first gravitated. Language is a cultural tool that emerged from our interactions with our environment, and food is a very important aspect of that environment. This paper is part two of a two-part article.
{"title":"How food fueled language, Part II: language genres, songs in the head, and the coevolution of cooking and language","authors":"Jake Young","doi":"10.1080/1751696X.2022.2103727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696X.2022.2103727","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines how cooking and language emerged and coevolved as drivers of human creativity. Through this dynamic coevolutionary process, shifts in diet affected demographics, which increased social and cognitive complexity, leading to new technological and social innovations, and eventually genetic changes. A work of interdisciplinary synthesis, this paper combines work from diverse fields including anthropology, cognitive archaeology, evolutionary syntax, genre studies, neuroscience, and paleoethnobotany. A key contribution from genres studies is that the emergence of language allowed for a proliferation of linguistic genres (referred to collectively as proto-poetry), and that earworms, or songs stuck in the head, are likely cognitive fossils of these first proto-poems that evolved to enhance working memory and recursive thought. The argument proposed here hinges on the beliefs that in order to better understand how language first arose, we need to ask what the first words were about, and that food was likely the subject around which language first gravitated. Language is a cultural tool that emerged from our interactions with our environment, and food is a very important aspect of that environment. This paper is part two of a two-part article.","PeriodicalId":43900,"journal":{"name":"Time & Mind-The Journal of Archaeology Consciousness and Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72631650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1751696X.2022.2122354
Robert Weiner
{"title":"Reshaping the World: Debates on Mesoamerican Cosmologies","authors":"Robert Weiner","doi":"10.1080/1751696X.2022.2122354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696X.2022.2122354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43900,"journal":{"name":"Time & Mind-The Journal of Archaeology Consciousness and Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79989189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1751696X.2022.2098811
Jake Young
ABSTRACT Humans are unique in their creative abilities and this creativity likely arose as a result of self-domestication. Language use would have been a driver of early human self-domestication, and this paper examines how the controlled use of fire for cooking was an early driver in the development of language. Cooking allowed for greater caloric intake and a greater diversity of diet, contributing to larger hominin brain sizes and group sizes. These developments created new social constraints that were met by the emergence of language. Diets can impact neuroplasticity, enhancing divergent thinking and creativity. One potential source of such transformative foodstuffs were intoxicants, the use of which could have easily become ritualized and used as social and cognitive tools. Cooking and ritualization, as fundamentally hierarchically and temporally structured actions, are grounded in recursion, which is also a key aspect of language. Cooking, recursive, and symbolic thought coevolved, driving the development of language. This paper is part one of a two-part article.
{"title":"How food fueled language, Part I: human creativity and the coevolution of cooking and language","authors":"Jake Young","doi":"10.1080/1751696X.2022.2098811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696X.2022.2098811","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Humans are unique in their creative abilities and this creativity likely arose as a result of self-domestication. Language use would have been a driver of early human self-domestication, and this paper examines how the controlled use of fire for cooking was an early driver in the development of language. Cooking allowed for greater caloric intake and a greater diversity of diet, contributing to larger hominin brain sizes and group sizes. These developments created new social constraints that were met by the emergence of language. Diets can impact neuroplasticity, enhancing divergent thinking and creativity. One potential source of such transformative foodstuffs were intoxicants, the use of which could have easily become ritualized and used as social and cognitive tools. Cooking and ritualization, as fundamentally hierarchically and temporally structured actions, are grounded in recursion, which is also a key aspect of language. Cooking, recursive, and symbolic thought coevolved, driving the development of language. This paper is part one of a two-part article.","PeriodicalId":43900,"journal":{"name":"Time & Mind-The Journal of Archaeology Consciousness and Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89110594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1751696x.2022.2122356
E. White
Recent decades have seen growing scholarly interest in how the people of early medieval England interacted with the natural environment around them – with animals, trees, and water. Indeed, Meanings of Water in Early Medieval England is the second edited volume on the subject in recent years, following Maren Clegg Hyer and Della Hooke’s 2017 publication Water and the Environment in the Anglo-Saxon World. This latest book arises from a 2015 colloquium at London’s Senate House, supplemented by work presented at the International Medieval Congress in Leeds. The focus is very much on textual evidence. Michael Bintley dips into the appearances of water in the Old English poem Andreas, where it was used to convey a clear Christian message, while Jill Frederick discusses the Exeter Book Riddle 84, conventionally understood as alluding to water. Several contributors highlight the scarcity of early medieval evidence, as with Simon Trafford’s interesting summary of references to swimming and Elizabeth A. Alexander’s chapter on English perspectives on Jonah and the whale. Religious themes are repeatedly explored. Those interested in ritual engagements with the landscape will turn to Hooke’s examination of how ecclesiastical establishments saw their watery environments and by Carolyn Twomey’s analysis of baptism at English rivers. Art-historical approaches also make an appearance; when considering the Christian connotations of pearls, Meg Boulton turns to continental artworks and considers possible carvings of pearls on the Easby Cross. In contrast, archaeological evidence is largely overlooked, something likely to frustrate readers of Time and Mind. This is a disappointment, as previous edited volumes on similar themes – such as Trees and Timber in the Anglo-Saxon World and Representing Beasts in Early Medieval England and Scandinavia – had pursued a broader interdisciplinary approach. When considering human relationships with water in the early Middle Ages, archaeology has much to offer. These caveats about disciplinary scope aside, this is a good selection of work on an admittedly niche subject matter – certainly a volume that anyone working on water in early medieval Europe will want to have access to.
近几十年来，学术界对中世纪早期英格兰人如何与周围的自然环境——动物、树木和水——相互作用越来越感兴趣。事实上，《中世纪早期英格兰的水的意义》是近年来关于这一主题的第二本编辑卷，此前玛伦·克莱格·海尔和德拉·胡克在2017年出版了《盎格鲁-撒克逊世界的水与环境》。这本最新的书来自于2015年在伦敦参议院举行的一次研讨会，补充了在利兹举行的国际中世纪大会上提出的工作。重点是文本证据。迈克尔·宾特利在古英语诗歌《安德烈亚斯》中浸入了水的表面，在那里它被用来传达一个明确的基督教信息，而吉尔·弗雷德里克讨论了埃克塞特书谜语84，通常被理解为暗指水。几位撰稿人强调了中世纪早期证据的稀缺，比如西蒙·特拉福德(Simon Trafford)对游泳参考文献的有趣总结，以及伊丽莎白·a·亚历山大(Elizabeth A. Alexander)关于约拿与鲸鱼的英语视角的章节。宗教主题被反复探索。那些对景观仪式感兴趣的人会转向胡克对教会机构如何看待他们的水环境的研究，以及卡罗琳·托米对英国河流洗礼的分析。艺术史的方法也出现了;当考虑到珍珠的基督教内涵时，梅格·博尔顿转向了欧洲大陆的艺术品，并考虑了在伊斯比十字架上雕刻珍珠的可能性。相比之下，考古证据在很大程度上被忽视了，这可能会让《时间与心灵》的读者感到沮丧。这是令人失望的，因为之前关于类似主题的编辑卷-如盎格鲁-撒克逊世界的树木和木材以及中世纪早期英格兰和斯堪的纳维亚的动物代表-采用了更广泛的跨学科方法。在考虑中世纪早期人类与水的关系时，考古学提供了很多东西。撇开这些关于学科范围的警告不谈，这是一个公认的小众主题的优秀作品选择——当然，任何研究中世纪早期欧洲水的人都会想要接触到这本书。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1751696X.2022.2056502
Martha H. Noyes
ABSTRACT This paper investigates whether in Hawaiʻi, Orion – one of the most recognizable constellations in the night sky – represents Wākea, the best known cosmogonic male progenitor of Hawaiian cosmogony. Wākea, commonly referred to as Sky Father and the ‘wide expanse of the sky,’ is noted in the name for the celestial equator, Ke ala i ka piko o Wākea (the path to the navel/center of Wākea), with the star Mintaka of Orion’s Belt representing Wākea’s celestial piko.
摘要:本文研究了在夏威夷，猎户座——夜空中最容易识别的星座之一——是否代表着Wākea，即夏威夷宇宙学中最著名的男性祖先。Wākea，通常被称为天父和“广阔的天空”，在天体赤道的名字中被注意到，Ke ala i ka piko o Wākea(通往Wākea肚脐/中心的路径)，猎户座腰带的明taka星代表Wākea的天体piko。
{"title":"Orion as a celestial representation of Wākea as determined from Kūkaniloko on O’ahu in the Hawaiian Islands","authors":"Martha H. Noyes","doi":"10.1080/1751696X.2022.2056502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696X.2022.2056502","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper investigates whether in Hawaiʻi, Orion – one of the most recognizable constellations in the night sky – represents Wākea, the best known cosmogonic male progenitor of Hawaiian cosmogony. Wākea, commonly referred to as Sky Father and the ‘wide expanse of the sky,’ is noted in the name for the celestial equator, Ke ala i ka piko o Wākea (the path to the navel/center of Wākea), with the star Mintaka of Orion’s Belt representing Wākea’s celestial piko.","PeriodicalId":43900,"journal":{"name":"Time & Mind-The Journal of Archaeology Consciousness and Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84679110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/1751696x.2022.2030986
J. Harte
{"title":"Magic, metallurgy and imagination in medieval Ireland: three studies","authors":"J. Harte","doi":"10.1080/1751696x.2022.2030986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1751696x.2022.2030986","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43900,"journal":{"name":"Time & Mind-The Journal of Archaeology Consciousness and Culture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86949944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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