Background: Coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic has taken so many lives and has contributed to an increase in morbidity due to its complications. The research is still in infancy and much has yet to be investigated. Objective: To correlate the HRCT findings on chest with antibody testing in patients visiting tertiary care hospitals in Lahore. Methodology: Three hundred and thirty-two patients with mild, moderate and severe symptoms of COVID 19 were recruited. Those with raised CRP levels were sent for HRCT chest and PCR testing as protocol of the hospitals. All patients were tested with Rapid antibody kits for reactivity. Results: Showed that males were affected more than females. Similarly, non-health care workers were more affected. All patients with bilateral involvement of lungs on HRCT chest and positive PCR findings also tested reactive on antibody testing. However, a few people with bilateral lung involvement and negative on PCR testing got reactive results on Rapid antibody testing. Linear regression model shows significant correlation of HRCT chest findings with Ant-SARC- COV 2 antibodies. Conclusion: HRCT findings (Unilateral and bilateral lung infiltrates) correlated significantly with Anti SARC-COV 2 Antibodies.
{"title":"Correlation of Radiological Findings (High Resolution Computed Tomography Chest) with Anti-SARS-COV-2 Antibodies in Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospitals","authors":"A. Jaleel, Mazhar Shafique, Samar Asim, Kiran Namoos, Sadaf Saleem Uppal, Saleem Pervaiz","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i2.5092","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic has taken so many lives and has contributed to an increase in morbidity due to its complications. The research is still in infancy and much has yet to be investigated. Objective: To correlate the HRCT findings on chest with antibody testing in patients visiting tertiary care hospitals in Lahore. Methodology: Three hundred and thirty-two patients with mild, moderate and severe symptoms of COVID 19 were recruited. Those with raised CRP levels were sent for HRCT chest and PCR testing as protocol of the hospitals. All patients were tested with Rapid antibody kits for reactivity. Results: Showed that males were affected more than females. Similarly, non-health care workers were more affected. All patients with bilateral involvement of lungs on HRCT chest and positive PCR findings also tested reactive on antibody testing. However, a few people with bilateral lung involvement and negative on PCR testing got reactive results on Rapid antibody testing. Linear regression model shows significant correlation of HRCT chest findings with Ant-SARC- COV 2 antibodies. Conclusion: HRCT findings (Unilateral and bilateral lung infiltrates) correlated significantly with Anti SARC-COV 2 Antibodies.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87986441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-23DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i1.4994
Naureen Naseer, N. Kapadia, Sarwat Masud
Introduction: Head trauma in the pediatric age group is a common presentation in the Emergency Room (ER). The Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) tool can help an ER clinician to identify pediatric head trauma patients at very low risk of clinically important traumatic brain injuries (ciTBIs) and avoid unnecessary CT scans. Objective: To determine the validity of PECARN rule as compared to the head CT (gold standard) in identifying low risk traumatic brain injury pediatric patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) Emergency Department ED. All pediatric head trauma patients were included in this study between 2017-2019. A total of 218 head trauma cases were reviewed which were evaluated for the PECARN criteria. Data were extracted on a prepared data collection form. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS. Chi-square test was used. Results: Among the total 218, 190 cases (87%) had CT scans ordered. Out of these 190 patients 156 (82%) met PECARN criteria, while 34 (18%) were PECARN negative. The sensitivity and specificity of PECARN was calculated as 82% and 33% respectively, with a fair level of agreement with CT scan based on Kappa statistics. Conclusion: PECARN has a higher sensitivity but lower specificity in comparison to CT scan.
{"title":"Validity of Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) in Pediatric Trauma Patients - A Cross Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan","authors":"Naureen Naseer, N. Kapadia, Sarwat Masud","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i1.4994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i1.4994","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Head trauma in the pediatric age group is a common presentation in the Emergency Room (ER). The\u0000Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) tool can help an ER clinician to identify pediatric head\u0000trauma patients at very low risk of clinically important traumatic brain injuries (ciTBIs) and avoid unnecessary CT scans.\u0000Objective: To determine the validity of PECARN rule as compared to the head CT (gold standard) in identifying low risk\u0000traumatic brain injury pediatric patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) Emergency Department ED. All pediatric head trauma patients were included in this study between 2017-2019. A total of 218 head trauma cases were reviewed which were evaluated for the PECARN criteria. Data were extracted on a prepared data collection form. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS. Chi-square test was used. Results: Among the total 218, 190 cases (87%) had CT scans ordered. Out of these 190 patients 156 (82%) met PECARN criteria, while 34 (18%) were PECARN negative. The sensitivity and specificity of PECARN was calculated as 82% and 33% respectively, with a fair level of agreement with CT scan based on Kappa statistics. Conclusion: PECARN has a higher sensitivity but lower specificity in comparison to CT scan. ","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80938470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-10DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5022
Shehzad Saleem, S. Afzal
Background: A license required for full practice - National licensing examinations (NLEs) are required in most of the countries with well-established medical regulatory authorities. Objective: This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of NLEs after their implementation worldwide. Methods: Systematic review designed as per Kane's validity framework developed by Olivary et al. by exploring online databases such as: Wiley Online, Embase Medline (EBSCO); PubMed; JSTOR; Google Scholar and Science Direct; from January 2005 to December 2020. Results: NLE exams and better patient outcomes (communication, satisfaction) are positively related and such exams help in development of a common medical curriculum and a better post-graduation entry point. Conclusions: In the present era, where more medical graduates are flying all across the globe for employment than ever before, NLE is becoming inevitable and helps to ensure that medical training satisfies a minimum standard of quality, which varies among Medical schools and colleges within a country and globally. Continual improvement is crucial for the identification of gaps in the medical licensing exams. The license holders must comply with National authorities and stay active in academic and clinical activities to stay licensed.
{"title":"Implementation of National Licensing Examination (NLE) and its Impact on Global Healthcare: A Systematic Review","authors":"Shehzad Saleem, S. Afzal","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A license required for full practice - National licensing examinations (NLEs) are required in most of the countries with well-established medical regulatory authorities. Objective: This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of NLEs after their implementation worldwide. Methods: Systematic review designed as per Kane's validity framework developed by Olivary et al. by exploring online databases such as: Wiley Online, Embase Medline (EBSCO); PubMed; JSTOR; Google Scholar and Science Direct; from \u0000January 2005 to December 2020. Results: NLE exams and better patient outcomes (communication, satisfaction) are positively related and such exams help in development of a common medical curriculum and a better post-graduation entry point. Conclusions: In the present era, where more medical graduates are flying all across the globe for employment than ever before, NLE is becoming inevitable and helps to ensure that medical training satisfies a minimum standard of quality, which varies among Medical schools and colleges within a country and globally. Continual improvement is crucial for the identification of gaps in the medical licensing exams. The license holders must comply with National authorities and stay active in academic and clinical activities to stay licensed.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90407560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5006
Rashida Sultana, S. Humayun, Sofia Manzoor, S. Humayun
Background: Hepatitis E is associated with poor feto-maternal outcome. Patients with acute hepatitis E who are pregnant usually require hospital admission and monitoring with liver function tests and clotting profile. Objective: To evaluate maternal and fetal outcome among pregnant women who have positive serology for hepatitis E IgM. Methods: Data of women with clinical presentation of jaundice during pregnancy and who were diagnosed as acute hepatitis E was collected on pre-structured questionnaire after obtaining consent. Data were entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences for analysis. Results: Three hundred and thirty three women had positive serology for hepatitis E IgM. Out of these three hundred were in last trimester of their pregnancy. The gestational age of two hundred and thirty two (77%) women was less than 37 weeks at presentation. Six (2%) pregnancies ended up in miscarriage, fifty four (16 %) had fetal demise in maternal womb while two hundred and seventy three (82%) were viable fetus. One third of live born babies were kept in NICU. Indications of neonatal admission were respiratory distress in 57(72%), jaundice neonatorum in 12(15%), asphyxia neonatorum in 9(12%), while one (1%) had transient tachypnea. Neonates who died in first week of their life were 18(23%).The cause of neonatal death was respiratory distress in 12 (67%) and anoxia in remaining 6 (33%) neonates. Most of the women were discharged home however maternal mortality was recorded in 80(24%) patients, mainly in postpartum period 73(91%). Conclusion: Pregnant women with acute hepatitis E have more complicated course of this viral infection with adverse fetal and maternal implications.
{"title":"Pregnancy Outcome in Acute Viral Hepatitis E","authors":"Rashida Sultana, S. Humayun, Sofia Manzoor, S. Humayun","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5006","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis E is associated with poor feto-maternal outcome. Patients with acute hepatitis E who are pregnant usually require hospital admission and monitoring with liver function tests and clotting profile. Objective: To evaluate maternal and fetal outcome among pregnant women who have positive serology for hepatitis E IgM. Methods: Data of women with clinical presentation of jaundice during pregnancy and who were diagnosed as acute hepatitis E was collected on pre-structured questionnaire after obtaining consent. Data were entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences for analysis. Results: Three hundred and thirty three women had positive serology for hepatitis E IgM. Out of these three hundred were in last trimester of their pregnancy. The gestational age of two hundred and thirty two (77%) women was less than 37 weeks at presentation. Six (2%) pregnancies ended up in miscarriage, fifty four (16 %) had fetal demise in maternal womb while two hundred and seventy three (82%) were viable fetus. One third of live born babies were kept in NICU. Indications of neonatal admission were respiratory distress in 57(72%), jaundice neonatorum in 12(15%), asphyxia neonatorum in 9(12%), while one (1%) had transient tachypnea. Neonates who died in first week of their life were 18(23%).The cause of neonatal death was respiratory distress in 12 (67%) and anoxia in remaining 6 (33%) neonates. Most of the women were discharged home however maternal mortality was recorded in 80(24%) patients, mainly in postpartum period 73(91%). Conclusion: Pregnant women with acute hepatitis E have more complicated course of this viral infection with adverse fetal and maternal implications.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82582928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-09DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5029
Wafa Najeeb, Rabia Shahid, Sadia Sharif, Sana Danish, A. Masood, Mansab Ali
Abstract: Background: Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is the most common reason of maternal death globally. Misoprostol and oxytocin are two first line and effective management protocols. But controversies exist in literature. For that matter, this study was conducted. Objectives: To compare the frequency of postpartum hemorrhage with per rectal misoprostol in relation to intramuscular oxytocin in females undergoing normal vaginal delivery at term. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from 01-01-2019 to 01-12-2019. Patients were divided randomly into equal halves through the lottery method. Group A received Misoprostol and group B received Oxytocin. Medications were administered within one minute of clamping and the cutting of cord. During 24 hours, soaked pads were evaluated for blood loss and total blood loss was calculated. If blood loss>500ml, then PPH was labeled. Results: Mean age of women in Group A and in Group-B were 29.11±6.67 and 29.23±6.70 years. The mean gestational age for Group A came as 39.60±1.78 weeks and for Group-B, it was 39.53±1.72. In Group-A 24(15.7%) and in Group-B 59(38.6%) women suffered from PPH. PPH was significantly lower in comparison to the women in Group-B. Pvalue=0.000. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that use of per rectal Misoprostol is more suitable and effective in the prevention of Post-partum hemorrhages compared to oxytocin in females undergoing normal vaginal delivery at term.
{"title":"Comparison of Sublingual & Per Rectal Misoprostol versus Oxytocin in the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage","authors":"Wafa Najeeb, Rabia Shahid, Sadia Sharif, Sana Danish, A. Masood, Mansab Ali","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000Background: Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) is the most common reason of maternal death globally. Misoprostol and oxytocin are two first line and effective management protocols. But controversies exist in literature. For that matter, this study was conducted. \u0000Objectives: To compare the frequency of postpartum hemorrhage with per rectal misoprostol in relation to intramuscular oxytocin in females undergoing normal vaginal delivery at term. \u0000Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from 01-01-2019 to 01-12-2019. Patients were divided randomly into equal halves through the lottery method. Group A received Misoprostol and group B received Oxytocin. Medications were administered within one minute of clamping and the cutting of cord. During 24 hours, soaked pads were evaluated for blood loss and total blood loss was calculated. If blood loss>500ml, then PPH was labeled. \u0000Results: Mean age of women in Group A and in Group-B were 29.11±6.67 and 29.23±6.70 years. The mean gestational age for Group A came as 39.60±1.78 weeks and for Group-B, it was 39.53±1.72. In Group-A 24(15.7%) and in Group-B 59(38.6%) women suffered from PPH. PPH was significantly lower in comparison to the women in Group-B. Pvalue=0.000. \u0000Conclusion: Results of this study showed that use of per rectal Misoprostol is more suitable and effective in the prevention of Post-partum hemorrhages compared to oxytocin in females undergoing normal vaginal delivery at term.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75575603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5015
Maaz Ahmed, Zafar Niaz, S. Mumtaz, S. Lodhi, Aneeza Munir, S. Abaidullah
Background: Refractory ascites is one of the most important complications of cirrhosis & albumin is considered highly effective in controlling it. Objective: To compare efficacy of 10g albumin versus 20g albumin in improving refractory ascites in cirrhotic patients. Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted at department of Gastroenterology, Mayo hospital Lahore for 12 months. After ethical approval, 60 patients of chronic liver disease with refractory ascites were included in the study & were divided into two groups. Group A was administered with 20g albumin whereas; group B was given 10g albumin. Both groups were followed for next 3 days by measuring change in weight, abdominal girth and urine output. Data was analyzed by using SPSS v-21. Results: There was no considerable difference between two groups regarding change in weight, abdominal girth and urine output. There was no significant difference in albumin response for both the groups in reducing ascites (p=0.6022). Conclusion: Low dose albumin is as effective as full dose albumin for reducing refractory ascites among cirrhotic patients.
{"title":"Comparison of Low Dose Albumin Versus Full Dose Albumin in Improving Refractory Ascites in Cirrhotic Patients","authors":"Maaz Ahmed, Zafar Niaz, S. Mumtaz, S. Lodhi, Aneeza Munir, S. Abaidullah","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Refractory ascites is one of the most important complications of cirrhosis & albumin is considered highly effective in controlling it. Objective: To compare efficacy of 10g albumin versus 20g albumin in improving refractory ascites in cirrhotic patients. \u0000Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted at department of Gastroenterology, Mayo hospital Lahore for 12 months. After ethical approval, 60 patients of chronic liver disease with refractory ascites were included in the study & were divided into two groups. Group A was administered with 20g albumin whereas; group B was given 10g albumin. Both groups were followed for next 3 days by measuring change in weight, abdominal girth and urine output. Data was analyzed by using SPSS v-21. Results: There was no considerable difference between two groups regarding change in weight, abdominal girth and urine output. There was no significant difference in albumin response for both the groups in reducing ascites (p=0.6022). Conclusion: Low dose albumin is as effective as full dose albumin for reducing refractory ascites among cirrhotic patients. \u0000","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73029977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i1.4991
Z. Malik, A. Mirza, M. Akram, Adnan Arshad, A. Kiyani
Background: Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) falls among the distinctive and rare odontogenic developmental cyst which is derivative of the dental lamina and contains clear fluid along with a cheesy material which resembles keratin debris. Treatment strategies for OKC are for the most part classified as conservative or aggressive. Mast Cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions. Objective: The goal of our study was to observe the participation of inflammatory mediators (RANKL, TNF-α, TGF-β and MMP-9) in the pathogenesis as well as the recovery process of OKC. Methods: Enrolled patients were divided into three groups while a fourth group was formed of the control individuals. Sampling of all groups was done once after required data collection. Blood samples were taken, mRNA extraction and cDNA was then subjected to qRT-PCR. IHC for mast cells was done on patient samples. Results: qRT-PCR showed higher expressions of inflammatory markers in patients undergoing treatment as compared to individuals with completed treatment procedure. Levels of RANKL were high in patients that were currently undergoing bone development as compared to other patients. The levels of TNF-α were comparatively higher in patients who showed visible signs of inflammation like swelling and pain. TGF-β and MMP-9 expression levels showed correlation with each other in all three groups. Both these cytokines were also found to be in association with mast cells. The results of histochemical staining of mast cells suggested the involvement of these cells in the pathogenesis of the cystic lesion via inflammation. Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that the expressions of inflammatory mediators correlate with the presence of mast cells, therefore, application of mast cells stabilizers in addition to marsupialization in the treatment of OKC can be a prospective treatment strategy in future clinical settings.
{"title":"Mast Cells Released Inflammatory Markers Play a Vital Role in Mandibular Remodeling of Odontogenic Keratocyst Patients","authors":"Z. Malik, A. Mirza, M. Akram, Adnan Arshad, A. Kiyani","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i1.4991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i1.4991","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) falls among the distinctive and rare odontogenic developmental cyst which is derivative of the dental lamina and contains clear fluid along with a cheesy material which resembles keratin debris. Treatment strategies for OKC are for the most part classified as conservative or aggressive. Mast Cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions. Objective: The goal of our study was to observe the participation of inflammatory mediators (RANKL, TNF-α, TGF-β and MMP-9) in the pathogenesis as well as the recovery process of OKC. Methods: Enrolled patients were divided into three groups while a fourth group was formed of the control individuals. Sampling of all groups was done once after required data collection. Blood samples were taken, mRNA extraction and cDNA was then subjected to qRT-PCR. IHC for mast cells was done on patient samples. Results: qRT-PCR showed higher expressions of inflammatory markers in patients undergoing treatment as compared to individuals with completed treatment procedure. Levels of RANKL were high in patients that were currently undergoing bone development as compared to other patients. The levels of TNF-α were comparatively higher in patients who showed visible signs of inflammation like swelling and pain. TGF-β and MMP-9 expression levels showed correlation with each other in all three groups. Both these cytokines were also found to be in association with mast cells. The results of histochemical staining of mast cells suggested the involvement of these cells in the pathogenesis of the cystic lesion via inflammation. Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that the expressions of inflammatory mediators correlate with the presence of mast cells, therefore, application of mast cells stabilizers in addition to marsupialization in the treatment of OKC can be a prospective treatment strategy in future clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88801451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5019
M. T. Rana, M. Afzal, M. Hamid
Background: Children acquire SARS CoV-2 infection from their family members but they experience mild symptoms. Hand washing promotion programs are being executed in many countries to enhance child healthcare development. Objective: This study was designed to identify behavioural determinants to increase hand washing practices among primary school children during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted by the Department of Pediatrics, King Edward Medical University/ Mayo Hospital, Lahore from June to November 2020. Total of 195 mothers of primary school children were enrolled by non-probability consecutive sampling. A 23-item, 5 points likert scale questionnaire assessed 5 domains related to handhygiene. Data was entered in SPSS 24. Domains were presented as frequency tables. Independent sample t-test was applied to 8 mean score of sub-category of each domain, and to cumulative mean score of each domain. A cut off mean score of ≥3 was taken as satisfactory. Results: We found satisfactory mean scores amongst mothers for knowledge regarding the importance of hand-washing (3.59±0.62), and commitment regarding maintenance of hand-hygiene (3.44±0.773). Better mean score for liking hand washing with alcohol rub/sanitizer than with soap and water (3.14±1.063 versus 1.10±1.229) was seen. Children reported not feeling dirty if they did not practice hand-hygiene (2.99±1.195). Elders in the households promoted hand-washing, but lacked practicing it themselves (3.48±0.881 versus 2.85±1.242). There was below satisfactory mean score for hand-hygiene amongst children after sneezing, coughing, blowing their nose, or playing (2.50±1.253, 2.23±1.265, 2.27±1.301, 2.83±1.280 respectively). Norm and self-efficacy factors had adequate overall scores (3.17±0.84, 3.17±0.65). The total score for this study was 2.8759±0.419. Conclusion: We found satisfactory mean scores for risk, attitudes, norms, ability, and self-regulation factors of handhygiene among primary school children.
{"title":"Behavioural Determinants for Hand Hygiene Practices among Primary School Children during COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. T. Rana, M. Afzal, M. Hamid","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children acquire SARS CoV-2 infection from their family members but they experience mild symptoms. Hand washing promotion programs are being executed in many countries to enhance child healthcare development. Objective: This study was designed to identify behavioural determinants to increase hand washing practices among primary school children during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted by the Department of Pediatrics, King Edward Medical University/ Mayo Hospital, Lahore from June to November 2020. Total of 195 mothers of primary school children were enrolled by non-probability consecutive sampling. A 23-item, 5 points likert scale questionnaire assessed 5 domains related to handhygiene. Data was entered in SPSS 24. Domains were presented as frequency tables. Independent sample t-test was applied to 8 mean score of sub-category of each domain, and to cumulative mean score of each domain. A cut off mean score of ≥3 was taken as satisfactory. Results: We found satisfactory mean scores amongst mothers for knowledge regarding the importance of hand-washing (3.59±0.62), and commitment regarding maintenance of hand-hygiene (3.44±0.773). Better mean score for liking hand washing with alcohol rub/sanitizer than with soap and water (3.14±1.063 versus 1.10±1.229) was seen. Children reported not feeling dirty if they did not practice hand-hygiene (2.99±1.195). Elders in the households promoted hand-washing, but lacked practicing it themselves (3.48±0.881 versus 2.85±1.242). There was below satisfactory mean score for hand-hygiene amongst children after sneezing, coughing, blowing their nose, or playing (2.50±1.253, 2.23±1.265, 2.27±1.301, 2.83±1.280 respectively). Norm and self-efficacy factors had adequate overall scores (3.17±0.84, 3.17±0.65). The total score for this study was 2.8759±0.419. Conclusion: We found satisfactory mean scores for risk, attitudes, norms, ability, and self-regulation factors of handhygiene among primary school children.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88647071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5020
F. Rathore, Amara Ilyas, F. Farooq
Objective: This study analyzed the published research on gout and hyperuricemia in the national biomedical journals with an aim to highlight the research gaps in the management of gout and hyperuricemia in Pakistan. Methods: An online literature survey on global databases (Medline and Google Scholar) and local Pakistani database Pak Medinet was conducted from January to March 2018. Different keywords on gout and hyperuricemia in Pakistan were combined using Boolean operators. We included all kinds of manuscripts reporting work specifically related to gout or hyperuricemia from Pakistan and having the corresponding author or at least one author with an affiliation from a Pakistani institution. We also considered manuscript published on this topic in Pakistani journals by authors affiliated with other countries. Results: Thirty-four manuscripts were selected for review and analysis. Thirty-one manuscripts were written by local authors affiliated with institutions located in different cities of Pakistan. Five manuscripts had foreign authors, out of which two were authored by all Turkish authors, but others had Pakistani co- authors too. Most of the Manuscripts were published in the category of original research article. None of them was a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Conclusion: The number and quality of studies published on gout and hyper-uricemia from Pakistan is low. There is a need to conduct more epidemiological and interventional studies to know the actual burden of gout in the country and RCTs to compare different drug treatments for managing gout in the local population.
{"title":"The Analysis of Published Research on Gout and Hyperuricemia from Pakistan in National Biomedical Literature","authors":"F. Rathore, Amara Ilyas, F. Farooq","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5020","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study analyzed the published research on gout and hyperuricemia in the national biomedical journals with an aim to highlight the research gaps in the management of gout and hyperuricemia in Pakistan. Methods: An online literature survey on global databases (Medline and Google Scholar) and local Pakistani database Pak Medinet was conducted from January to March 2018. Different keywords on gout and hyperuricemia in Pakistan were combined using Boolean operators. We included all kinds of manuscripts reporting work specifically related to gout or hyperuricemia from Pakistan and having the corresponding author or at least one author with an affiliation from a Pakistani institution. We also considered manuscript published on this topic in Pakistani journals by authors affiliated with other countries. Results: Thirty-four manuscripts were selected for review and analysis. Thirty-one manuscripts were written by local authors affiliated with institutions located in different cities of Pakistan. Five manuscripts had foreign authors, out of which two were authored by all Turkish authors, but others had Pakistani co- authors too. Most of the Manuscripts were published \u0000in the category of original research article. None of them was a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Conclusion: The number and quality of studies published on gout and hyper-uricemia from Pakistan is low. There is a need to conduct more epidemiological and interventional studies to know the actual burden of gout in the country and RCTs to compare different drug treatments for managing gout in the local population.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91123096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5021
Safia Bano, Zomer Sardar, M. Kalim, A. Numan
Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is a rare but an infrequent opportunistic infection reported mostly in HIV-infected patients. The most common site of involvement is the skin manifestation followed by solid organs involvement like liver and bone. Although most cutaneous manifestations are treatable, the other organs involvement can be fatal in some cases. We report a case of an isolated osteolytic lesion due to the Bacillary angiomatosis (BA). We conclude that Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) should be suspected and screened when an osteolytic bone lesion is identified in immunocompromised patients like HIV with or without cutaneous manifestations as it is deadly fatal if treatment is not given.
{"title":"Osteolytic Skull Lesions: Rare Finding in a Patient Presenting with Clinical Features of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) With Unknown HIV Status","authors":"Safia Bano, Zomer Sardar, M. Kalim, A. Numan","doi":"10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21649/akemu.v28i1.5021","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is a rare but an infrequent opportunistic infection reported mostly in HIV-infected patients. The most common site of involvement is the skin manifestation followed by solid organs involvement like liver and bone. Although most cutaneous manifestations are treatable, the other organs involvement can be fatal in some cases. We report a case of an isolated osteolytic lesion due to the Bacillary angiomatosis (BA). We conclude that Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) should be suspected and screened when an osteolytic bone lesion is identified in immunocompromised patients like HIV with or without cutaneous manifestations as it is deadly fatal if treatment is not given.","PeriodicalId":43918,"journal":{"name":"Annals of King Edward Medical University Lahore Pakistan","volume":"524 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78154402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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