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Sensitivity optimization method for 4th order CBQ structure LP filter 四阶CBQ结构LP滤波器灵敏度优化方法
IF 0.4 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.30765/er.1779
E. Živić, N. Stojković, S. Sladic
This paper describes the design and optimization method for a 4th order low-pass filter designed as a cascade of biquarts and approximated by Butterworth. Schoeffler sensitivity, multiparameter sensitivity measurement, and Monte Carlo analysis were used for sensitivity measurement, filter tuning, and optimization confirmation. The constraints on the filter characteristics due to the Butterworth approximation are also presented, together with the constraints on optimization to obtain a narrow range of values for the filter elements. Three different types of optimization parameters were used to confirm the optimization method. Finally, a 4th order low pass filter with a cascade structure of biquarts was compared to a 4th order filter without feedback and confirmed to have lower sensitivity.
本文介绍了一种采用巴特沃斯近似的四阶双夸脱级联低通滤波器的设计与优化方法。采用舍弗勒灵敏度、多参数灵敏度测量和蒙特卡罗分析进行灵敏度测量、滤波器调谐和优化确认。此外,还提出了巴特沃斯近似对滤波器特性的约束,以及为获得滤波器单元的窄范围值而进行优化的约束。采用三种不同类型的优化参数对优化方法进行了验证。最后,将具有双夸脱级联结构的四阶低通滤波器与无反馈的四阶滤波器进行了比较,证实其灵敏度更低。
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引用次数: 0
An accurate partial shading detection and global maximum power point tracking technique based on image processing 一种基于图像处理的精确局部阴影检测和全局最大功率点跟踪技术
IF 0.4 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.30765/er.1636
A. Ryad, A. Atallah, A. Zekry
This paper aims to detect the existence of partial shading conditions on the PV array and to estimate the vicinity of the global maximum power point for shaded PV modules based solely on the captured image of the PV modules. Detecting the existence of partial shading is based on comparing the average image pixel intensity for each PV module to find any mismatch in the incident irradiance. Estimating the incident irradiance level of each PV module is based on the camera response function with the help of a reference module. Furthermore, after estimating the irradiance intensity on the modules, we used the captured image for each PV module to detect the shaded area percentage. Detect the presence of partial shading conditions and estimating the position of the Global Maximum Power Point under partial shading was achieved with simple and cheap procedure yet effective at various shading patterns regardless of the environmental circumstances.
本文旨在检测光伏阵列上是否存在部分遮阳条件,并仅根据光伏组件的捕获图像估计遮阳光伏组件的全局最大功率点附近。检测部分遮阳的存在是基于比较每个光伏组件的平均图像像素强度,找出入射辐照度是否存在不匹配。根据相机响应函数,借助参考模块估算每个光伏组件的入射辐照度。此外,在估算出组件上的辐照强度后,我们使用每个光伏组件捕获的图像来检测阴影面积百分比。检测部分遮阳条件的存在和估计部分遮阳条件下全局最大功率点的位置是一个简单而廉价的过程,但在各种遮阳模式下,无论环境情况如何,都是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
E-puck motion control using multi-objective particle swarm optimization 基于多目标粒子群优化的电子冰球运动控制
IF 0.4 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.30765/er.1647
V. Panwar, A. Pandey, M. E. Hasan
This article describes the velocity-based motion and orientation control method for a differential-driven two-wheeled E-puck Robot (DDER) using the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) algorithm in the Virtual Robot Experimentation Platform (V-REP) software environment. The wheel velocities data and Infra-Red (IR) sensors reading make the multi-objective fitness functions for MPSO. We use front, left, and right IR sensors reading and right wheel velocity data to design the first fitness function for MPSO. Similarly, the front, left, and right IR sensors reading, and left wheel velocity data have been taken for making the second fitness function for MPSO. The multi-objective fitness functions of MPSO minimize the motion and orientation of the DDER during navigation. Due to the minimization of motion and orientation, the DDER covers less distance to reach the goal and takes less time. The Two-Dimensional (2D) and Three-Dimensional (3D) navigation results of the DDER among the scattered obstacles have been presented in the V-REP software environment. The comparative analysis with previously developed Invasive Weed Optimization (IWO) algorithm has also been performed to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed MPSO algorithm.
本文在虚拟机器人实验平台(V-REP)软件环境下,采用多目标粒子群优化(MPSO)算法对差速驱动两轮E-puck机器人(DDER)进行了基于速度的运动和方向控制。车轮速度数据和红外传感器数据构成了MPSO的多目标适应度函数。我们使用前、左、右红外传感器读取和右车轮速度数据来设计MPSO的第一个适应度函数。同样地,取前、左、右红外传感器读数和左车轮速度数据作为MPSO的第二个适应度函数。MPSO的多目标适应度函数最大限度地减少了DDER在导航过程中的运动和方向。由于运动和方向的最小化,DDER覆盖更短的距离达到目标,花费更少的时间。在V-REP软件环境下,给出了雷达在分散障碍物中的二维(2D)和三维(3D)导航结果。通过与已有的入侵杂草优化算法(IWO)的对比分析,验证了MPSO算法的有效性和高效性。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of using pulverized termite mound (PTM) as partial replacement of fine aggregate on the durability properties and microstructure of concrete 白蚁丘粉部分替代细骨料对混凝土耐久性和微观结构的影响
IF 0.4 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.30765/er.1665
C. Fapohunda, Oluwatosin E. Oladipupo, Luke B. Ajayi
The unrestrained use of non-renewable natural resources used in the production of structural concrete raises sustainability concerns. The use of appropriate waste and non-conventional materials is encouraged to address some of these concerns. Understanding the relationship between the durability properties and microstructure of such a material will increase innovation in its use and mitigate some of the environmental issues associated with concrete production. This paper presents the results of a study conducted to evaluate the durability and investigate the microstructure of concrete with fine aggregate partially replaced by pulverized termite mound (PTM). Durability was evaluated by sorptivity and water absorption coefficient tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the microstructure of the concrete specimens after 28 days of curing. The results show (i) that the durability of the PTM concrete specimens, as measured by the water absorption coefficient, improves progressively with PTM content, (ii) that the durability of the PTM specimens, as evaluated by sorptivity, improves up to a PTM content of 70%, and (iii) that the microstructure of the concrete specimens has smaller pores compared to the control, which follows the trend of the sorptivity results. Therefore, for practical purposes, the use of PTM mounds as a substitute for fine aggregate in the production of structural concrete should be limited to 70 %.
在结构混凝土的生产中无限制地使用不可再生的自然资源引起了对可持续性的关注。鼓励使用适当的废物和非常规材料来解决其中的一些问题。了解这种材料的耐久性和微观结构之间的关系将增加其使用的创新,并减轻与混凝土生产相关的一些环境问题。本文介绍了用粉状白蚁丘(PTM)部分替代细骨料混凝土的耐久性评价和微观结构研究结果。通过吸附率和吸水系数试验对其耐久性进行了评价。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对混凝土试件养护28 d后的微观结构进行了研究。结果表明:(1)以吸水系数衡量的PTM混凝土试件耐久性随PTM含量的增加而逐渐提高;(2)以吸附系数衡量的PTM混凝土试件耐久性在PTM含量为70%时有所提高;(3)与对照相比,PTM混凝土试件的微观结构孔隙较小,这符合吸附系数结果的趋势。因此,在实际应用中,PTM土墩在结构混凝土生产中作为细骨料替代品的使用应限制在70%以内。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical simulation of flow pattern at a divergent pier in a bend with different relative curvature radii using ansys fluent 利用ansys fluent对不同相对曲率半径弯道中发散墩流态进行数值模拟
IF 0.4 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.30765/er.1894
Kooshyar Lahsaei, M. Vaghefi, Farid Sedighi, C. A. Chooplou
In this work, the three-dimensional flow around piers in river meanders under rigid bed conditions was modeled. The software ANSYS FLUENT was used to perform the simulation. The study was carried out in a 180° curve accompanied by cylindrical piers with a diameter of 5 cm and a slope angle of 21° under rigid bed conditions. The results of the comparisons showed that this model can help simulate the flow pattern around inclined bridge piers in bended channels with acceptable accuracy. To analyze the flow pattern, the work was followed by studying the effect of the parameters that affect the physics of the problem: the relative radius of curvature of the curve, the location of the piers within the 180° curve, and the arrangement of the piers relative to the flow direction. The results showed that increasing the relative radius of curvature as well as the range of the bend reduced the tangential velocity values; the minimum tangential velocity value occurred at a relative radius of curvature of 5. With the pier group installed in the direction of flow, the maximum secondary flow power occurred at the 60° position at about 18.8%, while with the pier group installed across the flow, the maximum secondary flow power occurred at the 120° position at 14.2%. A comparison of the vorticity at the perpendicular and downstream positions showed that the vorticity values at the 60° and 120° positions were greater than the corresponding values at the 90° position in both cases.
本文对刚性河床条件下曲流桥墩周围的三维流动进行了模拟。采用ANSYS FLUENT软件进行仿真。在刚性床床条件下,采用180°曲线,直径为5 cm,坡角为21°的圆柱形桥墩进行研究。结果表明,该模型能较好地模拟弯曲河道中倾斜桥墩周围的流态,具有较好的精度。为了分析流态,接下来研究了影响问题物理性质的参数:曲线的相对曲率半径、180°曲线内桥墩的位置以及桥墩相对于水流方向的布置。结果表明:增大相对曲率半径和弯曲范围,切向速度值减小;最小切向速度值出现在相对曲率半径为5处。当桥墩组安装在顺流方向时,60°位置的二次流功率最大,约为18.8%;当桥墩组安装在顺流方向时,120°位置的二次流功率最大,约为14.2%。垂直位置和下游位置涡度的比较表明,60°和120°位置的涡度值都大于90°位置的涡度值。
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引用次数: 1
Design and simulation of a mobile robot platform for navigation and obstacle detection 移动机器人导航与障碍物检测平台的设计与仿真
IF 0.4 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.30765/er.1644
J. Azeta, C. Bolu, F. Oyawale
Mobile platforms are expected to gain access to risk zones and hazardous environment. A typical example is the infectious disease environment to deliver items to a sick patient. The robot is aimed to manoeuver round flat grounds in indoor environment. Computer aided design (CAD) models of the selected concepts were developed in Fusion360 and imported into SolidWorks to optimize and improve the design. The design is focused on the development of the wheelbase. Arduino Microcontroller was the system and codes control board and it was developed using the Arduino software. The motor driver was used to drive the DC motor for robot navigation with ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection at a range of 20 cm. Result shows that the robot was able to navigate round flat ground while detecting obstacles within 20 cm.
移动平台有望进入危险区域和危险环境。一个典型的例子是传染病环境,向病人运送物品。该机器人的目标是在室内环境中绕过平坦的地面。在Fusion360中开发所选概念的计算机辅助设计(CAD)模型,并导入SolidWorks以优化和改进设计。设计的重点是轴距的发展。Arduino单片机为系统和代码控制板,采用Arduino软件开发。电机驱动器驱动直流电动机用于机器人导航,超声波传感器用于20 cm范围内的障碍物检测。结果表明,该机器人能够在平地上导航,同时探测到20厘米内的障碍物。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of powder concentration on the EDM performance of AISI 304 using cryotreated post tempered electrodes 粉末浓度对AISI 304低温后回火电极电火花加工性能的影响
IF 0.4 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.30765/er.1655
Munmun Bhaumik, K. Maity
Powder mixed electro discharge machining (PMEDM) is a hybrid machining process in which dielectric fluid is mixed with electrically conductive powder particles for enhancing surface quality and material removal rate. Cryogenic treatment was brought in this process to improve tool life and cutting tool properties. In this research, silicon carbide (SiC) powder mixed electro discharge machining (EDM) has been performed for AISI 304 machining. Experiments have been carried out to study the effect of powder concentrations (0 g/l, 4 g/l, 6 g/l, 8 g/l and 10 g/l) on the EDM performances viz. radial overcut (ROC), material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (Ra) and tool wear rate (TWR) using three tungsten carbide electrodes (i.e. untreated, cryotreated single and double tempered). With addition of powder concentration material removal rate, radial overcut enhances and surface roughness and tool wear rate reduces. With the addition of powder concentration MRR, TWR, Ra and ROC decreased up to 10.60%, 37.08%, 15.95% and 9.31% for cryotreated single tempered electrode and decreased up to 16.64%, 42.10%, 26.58% and 12.19% for cryotreated double tempered electrode respectively. Microstructural analysis of machined surface has been carried out for the PMEDMed surfaces.
粉末混合电火花加工(PMEDM)是一种将介电流体与导电粉末颗粒混合以提高表面质量和材料去除率的混合加工工艺。在该工艺中引入了低温处理,提高了刀具寿命和刀具性能。采用碳化硅粉混合电火花加工技术对AISI 304进行了加工。实验研究了粉末浓度(0 g/l、4 g/l、6 g/l、8 g/l和10 g/l)对三种碳化钨电极(即未处理、低温单回火和双回火)电火花加工性能(径向过切(ROC)、材料去除率(MRR)、表面粗糙度(Ra)和刀具磨损率(TWR))的影响。随着粉末浓度的增加,材料去除率提高,表面粗糙度和刀具磨损率降低。随着粉末浓度的增加,单回火电极的MRR、TWR、Ra和ROC分别降低了10.60%、37.08%、15.95%和9.31%,双回火电极的MRR、TWR、Ra和ROC分别降低了16.64%、42.10%、26.58%和12.19%。对PMEDMed加工表面进行了显微组织分析。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive review on spectrum sensing techniques in cognitive radio 认知无线电频谱感知技术综述
IF 0.4 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.30765/er.1677
N. Chaudhary, R. Mahajan
In wireless communication, spectrum sensing (SS) is one of the important techniques to study about the radio environment. Spectrum sensing phenomenon is used to estimate the unutilized frequency band of whole radio spectrum. Utilization of available spectrum can be improved by enhancing the spectrum sensing techniques. The performance of available spectrum sensing techniques may degrade substantially in low signal to noise ratio, multipath fading & shadowing environments. This may lead to increase in probability of false alarms and decrease in probability of detection. This paper gives the categorization of different spectrum sensing techniques (SST) and it also explores the different methods used in spectrum sensing. Comparison of energy detector (ED), matched filter detection (MFD), cyclostationary feature detection (CFD), waveform detection (WD) and eigen value detection (EVD) based on their methodology and accuracy is also present in this paper. Various issues associated with these spectrum sensing techniques are highlighted here and futuristic solutions proposed for improvement in existing spectrum sensing techniques.
在无线通信中,频谱感知是研究无线电环境的重要技术之一。利用频谱感知现象来估计整个无线电频谱的未利用频带。通过增强频谱传感技术,可以提高可用频谱的利用率。现有的频谱传感技术在低信噪比、多径衰落和阴影环境下的性能会大幅下降。这可能会导致虚警概率的增加和检测概率的降低。本文对不同的频谱感知技术(SST)进行了分类,并对频谱感知中使用的不同方法进行了探讨。本文还比较了能量检测器(ED)、匹配滤波器检测(MFD)、循环平稳特征检测(CFD)、波形检测(WD)和特征值检测(EVD)的方法和精度。本文强调了与这些频谱传感技术相关的各种问题,并提出了改进现有频谱传感技术的未来解决方案。
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引用次数: 3
Headroom-based optimization for placement of distributed generation in a distribution substation 基于净空空间的配电变电所分布式发电布局优化
IF 0.4 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.30765/er.1748
John N. Nweke, Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, C. Eya
This paper presents a headroom-based optimization for the placement of distributed generation (DG) in a distribution substation. The penetration limits of DGs into the existing distribution substations are often expressed as a function of the feeder’s hosting capacity (headroom). Therefore, it is important to estimate the reliability of the network's operation as well as that of the limits imposed by the power quality standards by evaluating of the hosting capacity (headroom) of the existing distribution feeder substation. This study aims at developing a novel algorithm for positioning a bus with permissible headroom capacity for DG positioning without causing voltage violations but maximizing the active power supply. Since DG increases short-circuit faults, the algorithm is useful for utility companies to select feeder substations that have permissible headroom capacity for DG installation and thus, contributing to reducing high DG penetration in the network. The modeling and optimization were carried out the Power System Software for Engineers (PSS/E) environment using the IEEE 14-bus test system. The results obtained from the case study show that only two (2) feeder substations out of fourteen (14) have the permissible headroom capacity for DG connections.
本文提出了一种基于净空空间的配电变电所分布式发电(DG)布局优化方法。dg对现有配电变电站的渗透极限通常表示为馈线承载能力(净空)的函数。因此,通过评估现有配电支线变电站的承载能力(净空)来评估电网运行的可靠性以及电能质量标准所施加的限制是很重要的。本研究旨在开发一种新的算法,以定位具有允许的净空容量的母线用于DG定位,而不会造成电压违规,但最大限度地提高有功功率。由于DG增加了短路故障,因此该算法对公用事业公司选择具有允许的DG安装净空容量的馈线变电站非常有用,从而有助于减少DG在网络中的高渗透率。采用IEEE 14总线测试系统,在电力系统工程师软件(PSS/E)环境下进行建模和优化。从案例研究中获得的结果表明,十四(14)中只有两(2)个馈线变电站具有DG连接的允许净空容量。
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引用次数: 2
Investigation of cutting time and tool wear rate on EN-24 steel alloy by the drilling process 钻削加工EN-24钢合金切削时间和刀具磨损率的研究
IF 0.4 Q3 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.30765/er.1611
Yogesh Jangid, A. Goyal, M. Dadhich
Modeling and optimization of cutting parameters are one of the most important factors in manufacturing process. The aim of present work is to establish the relation among input factors i.e. spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut and response parameters i.e. cutting time and tool wear rate. The operation is performed on EN-24 alloy steel material. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been performed to find the significant and non-significant parameters. Mathematical model is developed for CT and TWR and optimized using composite desirability (CD) function technique. It was found that the best machining factor is depth of cut whereas spindle speed is the less significant machining parameter. The confirmation experiments have been also performed to validate the results. The given model could be utilized to select the level of drilling parameters.
切削参数的建模和优化是制造过程中最重要的因素之一。本文的目的是建立输入因素(主轴转速、进给速度和切削深度)与响应参数(切削时间和刀具磨损率)之间的关系。该操作在EN-24合金钢材料上进行。进行了方差分析(ANOVA)以找到显著和非显著参数。建立了CT和TWR的数学模型,并利用复合期望函数技术对其进行了优化。结果表明,切削深度是最佳的加工参数,而主轴转速是影响较小的加工参数。并进行了实验验证。该模型可用于钻井参数水平的选择。
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引用次数: 0
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