Zdravko Paladin, N. Kapidani, Alkiviadis Astyakopoulos, Christos Bolakis, M. Moutzouris, G. Hajduch, Georgios Vosinakis, Piero Scrima
Establishing an efficient information sharing network among national agencies in maritime domain is of essential importance in enhancing the operational performance, increasing the situational awareness and enabling interoperability among all involved maritime surveillance assets. Based on various data-driven technologies and sources, the EU initiative of Common Information Sharing Environment (CISE), enables the networked participants to timely exchange information concerning vessel traffic, joint SAR & operational missions, emergency situations and other events at sea. In order to host and process vast amounts of vessels and related maritime data consumed from heterogeneous sources (e.g. SAT-AIS, UAV, radar, METOC), the deployment of big data repositories in the form of Data Lakes is of great added value. The different layers in the Data Lakes with capabilities for aggregating, fusing, routing and harmonizing data are assisted by decision support tools with combined reasoning modules with semantics aiming at providing a more accurate Common Operational Picture (COP) among maritime agencies. Based on these technologies, the aim of this paper is to present an end-to-end interoperability framework for maritime situational awareness in strategic and tactical operations at sea, developed in EFFECTOR EU-funded project, focusing on the multilayered Data Lake capabilities. Specifically, a case study presents the important sources and processing blocks, such as the SAT-AIS, CMEMS, UAV components, enabling maritime information exchange in CISE format and communication patterns. Finally, the technical solution is validated in the project’s recently implemented maritime operational trials and the respective results are documented.
{"title":"Maritime information sharing environment deployment using the advanced multilayered Data Lake capabilities","authors":"Zdravko Paladin, N. Kapidani, Alkiviadis Astyakopoulos, Christos Bolakis, M. Moutzouris, G. Hajduch, Georgios Vosinakis, Piero Scrima","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing an efficient information sharing network among national agencies in maritime domain is of essential importance in enhancing the operational performance, increasing the situational awareness and enabling interoperability among all involved maritime surveillance assets. Based on various data-driven technologies and sources, the EU initiative of Common Information Sharing Environment (CISE), enables the networked participants to timely exchange information concerning vessel traffic, joint SAR & operational missions, emergency situations and other events at sea. In order to host and process vast amounts of vessels and related maritime data consumed from heterogeneous sources (e.g. SAT-AIS, UAV, radar, METOC), the deployment of big data repositories in the form of Data Lakes is of great added value. The different layers in the Data Lakes with capabilities for aggregating, fusing, routing and harmonizing data are assisted by decision support tools with combined reasoning modules with semantics aiming at providing a more accurate Common Operational Picture (COP) among maritime agencies. Based on these technologies, the aim of this paper is to present an end-to-end interoperability framework for maritime situational awareness in strategic and tactical operations at sea, developed in EFFECTOR EU-funded project, focusing on the multilayered Data Lake capabilities. Specifically, a case study presents the important sources and processing blocks, such as the SAT-AIS, CMEMS, UAV components, enabling maritime information exchange in CISE format and communication patterns. Finally, the technical solution is validated in the project’s recently implemented maritime operational trials and the respective results are documented.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42938682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siniša Martinić-Cezar, Karlo Bratić, Z. Jurić, N. Račić
In today’s environment of increasing pressure to reduce fuel consumption and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), the LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) transportation industry is growing in size and influence. In this context, further efforts are needed to improve the energy efficiency of LNG marine energy power plant. The LNG vessels and their equipment considered in this study have different power consumption requirements depending on the vessel’s mode of operation (loading/unloading, maneuvering, anchoring, at sea, etc.). For each ship mode, where the power plant requirements are the same, the specific fuel consumption (SFOC) and exhaust emissions, NOx and CO2, are compared with a different number of engines in the network to find the optimal number of engines in the network, considering both the safety aspect and the port requirements. An analysis was performed showing the efficiency of the on-board power management system (PMS) in terms of manual load sharing between engines. A comprehensive analysis of the data and its comparison led to the conclusion that the manual distribution of power among the engines is the slightly better solution. The obtained results show that further analysis of the number of engines for a given load with minimum fuel consumption and CO2 and NOx emissions is required.
{"title":"Exhaust emissions reduction and fuel consumption from the LNG energy system depending on the ship operating modes","authors":"Siniša Martinić-Cezar, Karlo Bratić, Z. Jurić, N. Račić","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s environment of increasing pressure to reduce fuel consumption and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), the LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) transportation industry is growing in size and influence. In this context, further efforts are needed to improve the energy efficiency of LNG marine energy power plant. The LNG vessels and their equipment considered in this study have different power consumption requirements depending on the vessel’s mode of operation (loading/unloading, maneuvering, anchoring, at sea, etc.). For each ship mode, where the power plant requirements are the same, the specific fuel consumption (SFOC) and exhaust emissions, NOx and CO2, are compared with a different number of engines in the network to find the optimal number of engines in the network, considering both the safety aspect and the port requirements. An analysis was performed showing the efficiency of the on-board power management system (PMS) in terms of manual load sharing between engines. A comprehensive analysis of the data and its comparison led to the conclusion that the manual distribution of power among the engines is the slightly better solution.\u0000The obtained results show that further analysis of the number of engines for a given load with minimum fuel consumption and CO2 and NOx emissions is required.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43196673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A side effect of economic globalisation and new information and communication technologies is the increasing fragmentation of the production process across different countries and continents, contributing to the rise of trade in intermediate goods, which has increased to almost 2/3 of total world trade. Most of this trade, i.e., intermediate goods, are transported by sea. Maritime trade is one of the most economical but also complex ways of trading and transporting goods, requiring good coordination, various stops and controls, transhipments, storage, ICT technology to track the cargo, etc. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to quantify the impact of trade facilitation on trade in intermediate goods on the sample of EU28 countries, using biennial data for the period 2010-2018. We estimate augmented gravity model on bilateral trade data using a Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator. Our results suggest that, as expected, logistics, and in particular ICT development, has a significant and positive effect on trade in intermediate inputs, when controlling for other variables in the gravity model such as GDP of trading partners, distance, contiguity, existence of a free trade agreement, exchange rate, and common cultural proxies. Our results support the global trend of development and investment in logistics, and, in particular, new ICT technologies, which can not only contribute to the continued growth of trade in intermediates, but also help mitigate the negative effects of recent global economic shocks.
{"title":"Facilitating trade in intermediate goods","authors":"Vinko Zaninović","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"A side effect of economic globalisation and new information and communication technologies is the increasing fragmentation of the production process across different countries and continents, contributing to the rise of trade in intermediate goods, which has increased to almost 2/3 of total world trade. Most of this trade, i.e., intermediate goods, are transported by sea. Maritime trade is one of the most economical but also complex ways of trading and transporting goods, requiring good coordination, various stops and controls, transhipments, storage, ICT technology to track the cargo, etc. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to quantify the impact of trade facilitation on trade in intermediate goods on the sample of EU28 countries, using biennial data for the period 2010-2018. We estimate augmented gravity model on bilateral trade data using a Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator. Our results suggest that, as expected, logistics, and in particular ICT development, has a significant and positive effect on trade in intermediate inputs, when controlling for other variables in the gravity model such as GDP of trading partners, distance, contiguity, existence of a free trade agreement, exchange rate, and common cultural proxies. Our results support the global trend of development and investment in logistics, and, in particular, new ICT technologies, which can not only contribute to the continued growth of trade in intermediates, but also help mitigate the negative effects of recent global economic shocks.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48510123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Aksentijević, E. Tijan, Kristijan Nikolozo, Ana Perić Hadžić
The subject of this paper is use of Technological-Organisational-External (TOE) framework during implementation of the Croatian national Port Community System between 2018. and 2022. Main research hypothesis is that TOE framework is a suitable, yet generally unrecognized abstract model for project risk mitigation during development of complex maritime cargo single windows systems. Formal development requirements along with the main stakeholders and their internal systems are identified. Project risk is mapped to the framework’s criteria, its execution and main milestones are identified and discussed, including risk occurrences during project execution, leading to confirmation of the work hypothesis. As a conclusion, improvements to the methodology are proposed, along with possibilities of the future research.
{"title":"TOE framework in risk management during implementation of the Croatian national Port Community System","authors":"S. Aksentijević, E. Tijan, Kristijan Nikolozo, Ana Perić Hadžić","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this paper is use of Technological-Organisational-External (TOE) framework during implementation of the Croatian national Port Community System between 2018. and 2022. Main research hypothesis is that TOE framework is a suitable, yet generally unrecognized abstract model for project risk mitigation during development of complex maritime cargo single windows systems. Formal development requirements along with the main stakeholders and their internal systems are identified. Project risk is mapped to the framework’s criteria, its execution and main milestones are identified and discussed, including risk occurrences during project execution, leading to confirmation of the work hypothesis. As a conclusion, improvements to the methodology are proposed, along with possibilities of the future research.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49320776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Manik, T. Tuswan, Siti Musarofah, D. Chrismianto, Samuel Samuel, A. Prabowo
One of the most critical parts of ship structure is the sound absorber on the ship structure, particularly in the ship’s engine room, which is a dominant contributor to ship noise. The development of sound absorber materials from natural fibre composite is becoming more varied as material technology develops. This study investigated the sound absorber and thermal conductivity performances of developed sound absorber material. This study used the two-microphone impedance tube method to compare the effectiveness of composite sound absorbers made from three different compositions of water hyacinth fibre, coconut fibre, and sengon wood powder. The coefficient of sound absorption (α), transmission loss, noise reduction, and thermal conductivity (λ) values of three different material compositions become parameters to measure the efficiency of the developed material. The results show that Specimen A (20% hyacinth fibre, 15% coconut fibre, 15% sengon wood) has the highest sound absorption coefficient of 0.57, with stable transmission loss and noise reduction values. The optimum thermal conductivity is found in Specimen C, with the lowest thermal conductivity value.
{"title":"The development of sound absorber material from green composites","authors":"P. Manik, T. Tuswan, Siti Musarofah, D. Chrismianto, Samuel Samuel, A. Prabowo","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most critical parts of ship structure is the sound absorber on the ship structure, particularly in the ship’s engine room, which is a dominant contributor to ship noise. The development of sound absorber materials from natural fibre composite is becoming more varied as material technology develops. This study investigated the sound absorber and thermal conductivity performances of developed sound absorber material. This study used the two-microphone impedance tube method to compare the effectiveness of composite sound absorbers made from three different compositions of water hyacinth fibre, coconut fibre, and sengon wood powder. The coefficient of sound absorption (α), transmission loss, noise reduction, and thermal conductivity (λ) values of three different material compositions become parameters to measure the efficiency of the developed material. The results show that Specimen A (20% hyacinth fibre, 15% coconut fibre, 15% sengon wood) has the highest sound absorption coefficient of 0.57, with stable transmission loss and noise reduction values. The optimum thermal conductivity is found in Specimen C, with the lowest thermal conductivity value.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43907273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We consider a problem of minimizing the maritime cargo delivery route length to reduce the delivery cost. In our model, the cost is equivalent to the sum of tour lengths of feeders used for the delivery to cover the route. Formulated as a multiple traveling salesman problem, we solve it with a genetic algorithm. The algorithm performance is dramatically influenced by the stream of pseudorandom numbers used for randomly generating the starting population and accomplishing random mutations. As the number of ports increases from 10 to 80, the route length variation intensifies from 3.5% to 22.5% on average. However, we increase the route length minimization accuracy by re-running the algorithm to solve the same problem until closely the best solution is obtained. The number of reruns is about 3 to 6 for up to 20 ports. For more than 20 ports the required number of algorithm reruns abruptly increases from 28 reruns for 30 ports to about 51 reruns within the range of 40 to 80 ports.
{"title":"Pseudorandom number generator influence on the genetic algorithm performance to minimize maritime cargo delivery route length","authors":"V. Romanuke, Andriy Romanov, Mykola O. Malaksiano","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a problem of minimizing the maritime cargo delivery route length to reduce the delivery cost. In our model, the cost is equivalent to the sum of tour lengths of feeders used for the delivery to cover the route. Formulated as a multiple traveling salesman problem, we solve it with a genetic algorithm. The algorithm performance is dramatically influenced by the stream of pseudorandom numbers used for randomly generating the starting population and accomplishing random mutations. As the number of ports increases from 10 to 80, the route length variation intensifies from 3.5% to 22.5% on average. However, we increase the route length minimization accuracy by re-running the algorithm to solve the same problem until closely the best solution is obtained. The number of reruns is about 3 to 6 for up to 20 ports. For more than 20 ports the required number of algorithm reruns abruptly increases from 28 reruns for 30 ports to about 51 reruns within the range of 40 to 80 ports.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43395437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Baltic Dry Index is used as a strategic tool by shipping companies to monitor the daily movement of freight rates for the transportation of bulk cargoes on predetermined routes for the different types of bulk carriers. Therefore, the management of shipping companies pays great attention to the factors that can contribute to the prediction of the price movement of the Baltic Dry Index. Main goal of this paper is to explore if stock market indices of United States of America (S&P 500 stock index) and China (Shanghai stock exchange Composite index), 10 Year bond yield, CRB index, WTI Crude oil and Gold as global market factors, but also as leading macroeconomic global indicators, have impact on movement of BDI. We explored period from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2021, with monthly data for which the multiple linear regression method was used to analyse mentioned global market factors impact on BDI. The research found that the movement of S&P 500 and SSECI stock indices and CRB index had a positive impact on the movement of BDI, while the movement of Gold and WTI crude oil had negative impact on BDI for the observed period. The scientific contribution of this paper is manifested through observation and exploring relationship of mentioned global market factors with BDI, previous papers observed shorter time period and included macroeconomic indicators which are lagging, together with some global market factors.
{"title":"Global market factors that impact Baltic Dry Index","authors":"Petar Pepur, I. Peronja, Stipe Laća","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The Baltic Dry Index is used as a strategic tool by shipping companies to monitor the daily movement of freight rates for the transportation of bulk cargoes on predetermined routes for the different types of bulk carriers. Therefore, the management of shipping companies pays great attention to the factors that can contribute to the prediction of the price movement of the Baltic Dry Index.\u0000Main goal of this paper is to explore if stock market indices of United States of America (S&P 500 stock index) and China (Shanghai stock exchange Composite index), 10 Year bond yield, CRB index, WTI Crude oil and Gold as global market factors, but also as leading macroeconomic global indicators, have impact on movement of BDI. We explored period from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2021, with monthly data for which the multiple linear regression method was used to analyse mentioned global market factors impact on BDI.\u0000The research found that the movement of S&P 500 and SSECI stock indices and CRB index had a positive impact on the movement of BDI, while the movement of Gold and WTI crude oil had negative impact on BDI for the observed period. The scientific contribution of this paper is manifested through observation and exploring relationship of mentioned global market factors with BDI, previous papers observed shorter time period and included macroeconomic indicators which are lagging, together with some global market factors.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44036971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helena Zentner, D. Gračan, Marina Barkiđija Sotošek
Digital business models are reshaping tourism landscape, causing disruptive shifts within its entire ecosystem – including in the provision of services, employment modalities, value networks and more. In the light of such developments, there is a growing body of scholarly literature studying various aspects of digital business models in tourism. Yet, papers dealing with tourism’s digital business models maturity and factors influencing it are still scarce. The objective of this study is to address the identified research gap and contribute to the growing literature base by empirically testing the relationship between digital business models maturity and factors such as company location, size, age and business model history. Methodologically, the paper is based on an extensive empirical research constructed upon a valid framework and administered internationally through a structured online questionnaire. The final sample included 162 companies active in yachting tourism sector, headquartered in 42 countries and 5 continents, thus reflecting the study’s global scope. The findings imply that there is a statistically significant impact of company’s size on its digital business model maturity, while there is no significant impact when it comes to company’s age and business model history. Finally, the effects of the company location are specific – although there is no general statistical correlation between location and digital business model maturity, other layers of analysis do indicate the companies with highly mature digital business models do tend to originate from highly developed countries.
{"title":"Impacts of Company Factors on Digital Business Model Maturity for Yachting Tourism Agencies","authors":"Helena Zentner, D. Gračan, Marina Barkiđija Sotošek","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Digital business models are reshaping tourism landscape, causing disruptive shifts within its entire ecosystem – including in the provision of services, employment modalities, value networks and more. In the light of such developments, there is a growing body of scholarly literature studying various aspects of digital business models in tourism. Yet, papers dealing with tourism’s digital business models maturity and factors influencing it are still scarce. The objective of this study is to address the identified research gap and contribute to the growing literature base by empirically testing the relationship between digital business models maturity and factors such as company location, size, age and business model history. Methodologically, the paper is based on an extensive empirical research constructed upon a valid framework and administered internationally through a structured online questionnaire. The final sample included 162 companies active in yachting tourism sector, headquartered in 42 countries and 5 continents, thus reflecting the study’s global scope. The findings imply that there is a statistically significant impact of company’s size on its digital business model maturity, while there is no significant impact when it comes to company’s age and business model history. Finally, the effects of the company location are specific – although there is no general statistical correlation between location and digital business model maturity, other layers of analysis do indicate the companies with highly mature digital business models do tend to originate from highly developed countries.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42951961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matej Paulic, Tanja Poletan Jugović, Valentina Šutalo Šamanić
Air transport is a globally significant mode of transport that carries people and goods over relatively long distances in a relatively short time. In the case of the Republic of Croatia there are some relevant geographical factors that make it necessary to connect the country to domestic and international airlines, such as territorial division (Dubrovnik’s disconnection from the rest of the Croatian mainland), rugged shape and mountainous terrain. In addition, as a tourist destination, the country should offer good transport links to provide the best experience for tourists. The aim of this research is to conduct an in-depth structural analysis of the intensity and dynamics of passenger air traffic at the global, European, and national (i.e. Croatian) level, considering the specific crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic as a relevant factor in the development of passenger flow. To achieve the defined objective of this research, a structural analysis of the relevant indicators for the development of passenger flow at the airports of the Republic of Croatia was conducted. In addition, a comparative analysis of the intensity, structure and dynamics of passenger flow was carried out within the framework of a comparison of the relevant criteria and statistical data on the indicators of passenger flow at the international, regional, and national levels. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the state of passenger flow in air transport in terms of organisation and logistics, and especially in terms of the intensity and dynamics of passenger flows. Accordingly, uniform criteria for monitoring passenger flow, systematisation and structural analysis of relevant formation indicators are the basic requirements for continuous monitoring and planning of passenger flow in air transport.
{"title":"Structural analysis of air passenger flow in the Republic of Croatia from the COVID–19 pandemic impact perspective","authors":"Matej Paulic, Tanja Poletan Jugović, Valentina Šutalo Šamanić","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"Air transport is a globally significant mode of transport that carries people and goods over relatively long distances in a relatively short time. In the case of the Republic of Croatia there are some relevant geographical factors that make it necessary to connect the country to domestic and international airlines, such as territorial division (Dubrovnik’s disconnection from the rest of the Croatian mainland), rugged shape and mountainous terrain. In addition, as a tourist destination, the country should offer good transport links to provide the best experience for tourists. The aim of this research is to conduct an in-depth structural analysis of the intensity and dynamics of passenger air traffic at the global, European, and national (i.e. Croatian) level, considering the specific crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic as a relevant factor in the development of passenger flow. To achieve the defined objective of this research, a structural analysis of the relevant indicators for the development of passenger flow at the airports of the Republic of Croatia was conducted. In addition, a comparative analysis of the intensity, structure and dynamics of passenger flow was carried out within the framework of a comparison of the relevant criteria and statistical data on the indicators of passenger flow at the international, regional, and national levels. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the state of passenger flow in air transport in terms of organisation and logistics, and especially in terms of the intensity and dynamics of passenger flows. Accordingly, uniform criteria for monitoring passenger flow, systematisation and structural analysis of relevant formation indicators are the basic requirements for continuous monitoring and planning of passenger flow in air transport.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46715236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the intensity of marina activities and global climate change, marinas are facing the challenge of sustainability. Therefore, the concept of “green port” has now become a requirement. In practice, the term “green port” describes the activities of all stakeholders involved in the port business towards a sustainable development of the port. This paper aims to provide an insight into the current application of sustainability principles and the concept of “green port” in Croatian marinas. Therefore, the concept of “green port” is described. Furthermore, the framework (regulations, policies, international and national certificates and programs) for sustainable activities in Croatian marinas are analyzed. The main part of the paper is the analysis of sustainable activities, i.e. practices in Croatian marinas related to eco-spatial design, standardization and awarding system, energy transition, sustainable waste, water and air systems. Therefore, positive sustainable practices in selected Croatian marinas and aspects that need improvement are identified.
{"title":"Sustainable activities in Croatian marinas – towards the “green port” concept","authors":"Tanja Poletan Jugović, Adrijana Agatic, D. Gračan, Senka Šekularac – Ivošević","doi":"10.31217/p.36.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the intensity of marina activities and global climate change, marinas are facing the challenge of sustainability. Therefore, the concept of “green port” has now become a requirement. In practice, the term “green port” describes the activities of all stakeholders involved in the port business towards a sustainable development of the port. This paper aims to provide an insight into the current application of sustainability principles and the concept of “green port” in Croatian marinas. Therefore, the concept of “green port” is described. Furthermore, the framework (regulations, policies, international and national certificates and programs) for sustainable activities in Croatian marinas are analyzed. The main part of the paper is the analysis of sustainable activities, i.e. practices in Croatian marinas related to eco-spatial design, standardization and awarding system, energy transition, sustainable waste, water and air systems. Therefore, positive sustainable practices in selected Croatian marinas and aspects that need improvement are identified.","PeriodicalId":44047,"journal":{"name":"Pomorstvo-Scientific Journal of Maritime Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44873570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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