The article examines the history of the trade in Polish slaves and captives in the Tatar and Ottoman Crimea in the seventeenth century on the basis of hitherto unknown archival evidence and rare printed sources. After the capture an average Polish slave of simple origin was transported to the Crimea, where he had been sold on the local slave markets. Unless he had some special qualifications, a slave usually had to fulfil agricultural duties and do heavy manual work. The slaves usually had some limited free time and could attend Catholic services in the churches of the Crimea's large urban centres. Rich Polish captives were treated in accordance with their high social status and were ransomed for a considerable redemption fee. Important role in ransoming such rich captives was played by Jewish, Tatar and Armenian merchants.
{"title":"Polish Slaves and Captives in the Crimea in the Seventeenth Century","authors":"M. Kizilov","doi":"10.1556/062.2020.00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/062.2020.00011","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the history of the trade in Polish slaves and captives in the Tatar and Ottoman Crimea in the seventeenth century on the basis of hitherto unknown archival evidence and rare printed sources. After the capture an average Polish slave of simple origin was transported to the Crimea, where he had been sold on the local slave markets. Unless he had some special qualifications, a slave usually had to fulfil agricultural duties and do heavy manual work. The slaves usually had some limited free time and could attend Catholic services in the churches of the Crimea's large urban centres. Rich Polish captives were treated in accordance with their high social status and were ransomed for a considerable redemption fee. Important role in ransoming such rich captives was played by Jewish, Tatar and Armenian merchants.","PeriodicalId":44092,"journal":{"name":"Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78365493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the fourth part of this series of papers the authors investigate the way how the Khitan Small Script rendered the dental stops in initial position. They conclude that the main opposition was between the postaspirated and not postaspirated dental stops.
{"title":"KHITAN STUDIES I. THE GLYPHS OF THE KHITAN SMALL SCRIPT 3. THE CONSONANTS, 3.2. THE DENTAL STOPS","authors":"Yingzhe Wu, András Róna-Tas","doi":"10.1556/062.2020.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/062.2020.00004","url":null,"abstract":"In the fourth part of this series of papers the authors investigate the way how the Khitan Small Script rendered the dental stops in initial position. They conclude that the main opposition was between the postaspirated and not postaspirated dental stops.","PeriodicalId":44092,"journal":{"name":"Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141226321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to the communis opinio it is arbitrary whether a Tibetan verb takes the prefix g- or ḥ- in its present stem. This paper instead argues that ḥ- [ɣ] originated as a phonetically conditioned...
{"title":"The Derivation of the Tibetan Present Prefix g- from ḥ-","authors":"N. Hill","doi":"10.1556/062.2019.72.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/062.2019.72.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"According to the communis opinio it is arbitrary whether a Tibetan verb takes the prefix g- or ḥ- in its present stem. This paper instead argues that ḥ- [ɣ] originated as a phonetically conditioned...","PeriodicalId":44092,"journal":{"name":"Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74743995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As is well known, boat trips on rivers and canals were an essential part of Mesopotamian economy at the end of the 3rd millennium BC; the Tigris and Euphrates, with their tributaries and canals, se...
{"title":"A Catalogue of Harbours in the Province of Ĝirsu/Lagaš Documented in the Administrative Texts of the Ur III Period","authors":"Sergio Alivernini","doi":"10.1556/062.2019.72.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/062.2019.72.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"As is well known, boat trips on rivers and canals were an essential part of Mesopotamian economy at the end of the 3rd millennium BC; the Tigris and Euphrates, with their tributaries and canals, se...","PeriodicalId":44092,"journal":{"name":"Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73475511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solkhat, the regional capital of the Golden Horde in the Crimean Peninsula, was a multi-cultural city, with two Jewish communities—Rabbanite and Karaite. Unlike other Jewish centres in the Golden H...
{"title":"Hebrew Manuscripts and Scribes in the Crimean Golden Horde (Solkhat)","authors":"Golda Akhiezer","doi":"10.1556/062.2019.72.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/062.2019.72.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Solkhat, the regional capital of the Golden Horde in the Crimean Peninsula, was a multi-cultural city, with two Jewish communities—Rabbanite and Karaite. Unlike other Jewish centres in the Golden H...","PeriodicalId":44092,"journal":{"name":"Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73682052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intensive investigations of the archaeological remains at agricultural sites and water springs may provide a wealth of information. The remains, recently revealed in the vicinity of eṣ-Ṣader spring...
{"title":"The Ancient Hydraulic Infrastructure of Wādi eṣ-Ṣader near Petra, Southern Jordan","authors":"Adeeb Al-Salameen, Zeyad al‐Salameen, H. Falahat","doi":"10.1556/062.2019.72.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/062.2019.72.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive investigations of the archaeological remains at agricultural sites and water springs may provide a wealth of information. The remains, recently revealed in the vicinity of eṣ-Ṣader spring...","PeriodicalId":44092,"journal":{"name":"Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75990463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores a sūtra-based doxography contained in the 12th-century Tangut Mahāmudrā work Notes on the Keypoints of Mahāmudrā as the Ultimate. It employs the doctrinal complex of the doxogra...
{"title":"Grounding Tantric Praxis in the Mahāyāna Meaning and Modes:","authors":"Linghui Zhang","doi":"10.1556/062.2019.72.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/062.2019.72.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores a sūtra-based doxography contained in the 12th-century Tangut Mahāmudrā work Notes on the Keypoints of Mahāmudrā as the Ultimate. It employs the doctrinal complex of the doxogra...","PeriodicalId":44092,"journal":{"name":"Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75601034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper three Buddhist Sogdian texts discovered from Turfan are identified and edited. These are unique among the Buddhist Sogdian texts in that they are not translated from the Chinese proto...
{"title":"On the SogdianPrątihārya-sūtraand the Related Problems","authors":"Y. Yoshida","doi":"10.1556/062.2019.72.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/062.2019.72.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper three Buddhist Sogdian texts discovered from Turfan are identified and edited. These are unique among the Buddhist Sogdian texts in that they are not translated from the Chinese proto...","PeriodicalId":44092,"journal":{"name":"Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79342701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hayata (2011) proposed that accusative subject in Manchu arises when an embedded subject is not co-referential with the subject of the main clause in embedded clauses. However, co-referentiality ca...
{"title":"The Distribution of Accusative Subjects in Manchu: a Corpus-based Study","authors":"Han-byul Chung, J. Do","doi":"10.1556/062.2019.72.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/062.2019.72.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Hayata (2011) proposed that accusative subject in Manchu arises when an embedded subject is not co-referential with the subject of the main clause in embedded clauses. However, co-referentiality ca...","PeriodicalId":44092,"journal":{"name":"Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84711837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper five new and unpublished fragments of a Buddhist sutra in Uighur script will be presented. According to our research, they belong to The Scripture of the Divine Spell of the Eight Yan...
本文将介绍一部维吾尔文佛经的五个新的和未发表的片段。根据我们的研究，它们属于《八燕神咒经》……
{"title":"A Study on Several New Fragments of theSäkiz Yükmäk Yaruq Sudurin Uighur Script","authors":"Gang Li","doi":"10.1556/062.2019.72.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/062.2019.72.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper five new and unpublished fragments of a Buddhist sutra in Uighur script will be presented. According to our research, they belong to The Scripture of the Divine Spell of the Eight Yan...","PeriodicalId":44092,"journal":{"name":"Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90255047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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