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Menggagas Fiqh Realita Dalam Kehidupan Keagamaan di Indonesia 挑战印尼宗教生活的现实
Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.15642/AD.2019.9.01.1-24
A. kasdi
This article aims to describe the significant of the sociological approach to formulate the fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) of reality within the religious life of the Indonesian society. The study of reality is needed in the social and religious sciences, especially in the fiqh  studies because it is capable to be a natural activator of the transformation in formulating the Indonesian fiqh. The research approach used is a sociological approach. The results show that the fiqh of reality is a part of the Islamic jurisprudence that has relevance to the reality of society. In applying of this fiqh, there are needs to be an effort to contextualize of interpreting the text so that the understanding of it is not literally according to the sound of the text. In this context, the reality consists of two forms, namely: a fixed and changing reality. The fixed reality is the nature (sunnah) of Allah in this universe which has been pointed out in the Qur'an that this reality will not shift. The changing reality can be seen from the general and partial reality. The general reality is a different human tradition because of difference in the place and time, while the partial one is just for certain individual condition. The implementation of the such fiqh is necessary for the Indonesian Muslims, especially in building the harmonization of the national life.
本文旨在描述社会学方法在印度尼西亚社会宗教生活中制定现实的fiqh(伊斯兰法学)的意义。社会和宗教科学需要对现实的研究,特别是对伊斯兰教的研究,因为它能够成为形成印度尼西亚伊斯兰教的自然催化剂。使用的研究方法是社会学方法。结果表明,现实法是伊斯兰法学中与社会现实相关联的一部分。在应用这个律法的时候,需要努力将文本的解释置于语境中,这样对它的理解就不是根据文本的声音来理解的。在这种情况下,现实包括两种形式,即固定的现实和变化的现实。固定的现实是安拉在这个宇宙中的本质(圣行),这在古兰经中已经指出,这个现实不会改变。变化的现实可以从一般现实和局部现实看出来。一般的现实是由于地点和时间的不同而形成的不同的人类传统,而局部的现实则是由于特定的个体条件而形成的。实施这样的教规对印度尼西亚穆斯林来说是必要的,特别是在建立国家生活的和谐方面。
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引用次数: 0
Sita Marital Harta Bersama Dalam Perkara Perceraian di Pengadilan Agama
Pub Date : 2018-10-12 DOI: 10.15642/ad.2018.8.02.454-485
Edison Gunawan, B. Hakim, Risdianti Bonok
The process of resolving marital seizure applications on joint assets in a divorce case at the Religious Court is carried out with stages starting from the application of the marital seizure to objects, both movable and immovable goods. It is highly dependent on concrete and demonstrable reasons regarding seizure placement in trial face. If the seizure request can be granted by the panel of judges according to strong evidence and proven in the trial, the panel of judges can conduct marital seizure by ordering the registrar to be assisted by the bailiff to confiscate movable or immovable items to be recorded. Marital seizure contained in the object of the dispute in the contents of the claim with the local government present. Whereas judicial legal considerations regarding marital seizure applications, the panel of judges, firstly looks at the facts from the trial. If the seizure is granted then enough reason for seizure applicants to be placed marital seizure. And if the seizure application is rejected and there is no enough reason to place the marital seizure by the panel of judges because there was no concern, the defendant will move or transfer the object of the dispute to another person who was carried out through a hearing outside the Religious Court which is also called the local hearing
在宗教法庭解决离婚案件中对共同财产的婚姻扣押申请的程序是分阶段进行的,从对动产和不动产的婚姻扣押申请开始。这在很大程度上取决于具体和可证明的理由有关扣押安置在审判面。如果法官小组根据确凿的证据,并在审讯中证明,可以批准扣押要求,法官小组可命令婚姻登记官在执达主任的协助下,没收待记录的动产或不动产。夫妻扣押所包含的争议对象的主张内容与当地政府提出的一致。鉴于司法法律对婚姻扣押申请的考虑,法官小组首先查看审判中的事实。如果扣押被批准,那么扣押申请人有足够的理由申请婚姻扣押。如果查封申请被拒绝并且没有足够的理由让法官小组对婚姻进行查封因为没有顾虑,被告会将争议的对象转移给另一个人这是通过宗教法院外的听证会进行的也被称为当地听证会
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引用次数: 1
Perang yang Benar Dalam Islam
Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.15642/AD.2018.8.02.486-512
Abdul Basith Junaidy
Artikel ini membahas tentang perang yang benar dalam Islam. Pada berbagai kesempatan, ketika al-Qur’an mewajibkan umat Islam untuk berperang, al-Qur’an selalu mensyaratkan agar hal itu dilakukan tanpa perilaku melampaui batas, sesuai kepantasan disertai sikap memaafkan dan mencari perdamaian. Islam melarang penyerangan terhadap orang-orang yang tidak ikut perang seperti anak-anak, perempuan, lansia, janda, pertapa, pendeta atau siapa pun yang tidak berusaha atau tidak bisa memerangi umat Islam. Pada setiap operasi militer, Nabi saw selalu melarang pasukannya melukai orang-orang yang tidak ikut berperang atau secara sia-sia merusak harta atau tumbuhtumbuhan. Nabi saw justru memerintahkan untuk merawat mereka yang terluka atau memberi makan bagi yang membutuhkan, termasuk tawanan perang.
这篇文章讨论的是伊斯兰教真正的战争。在许多情况下,当伊斯兰教要求战争时,古兰经总是要求我们在适当的礼仪和宽恕和寻求和平的同时,不要过度行为。伊斯兰教禁止袭击那些参战不像儿童、妇女、老年人、寡妇隐士牧师谁不想或不能对抗穆斯林。在每一次军事行动中,先知锯总是禁止他的军队伤害那些没有参加战争或毫无意义地破坏财产或植被的人。先知看到却下令照顾他们受伤或喂养那些有需要的人,包括战俘。
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引用次数: 1
Penggunaan Kaidah Fikih Dalam Fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia Tentang Keuangan Syariah 《精制法典》在印尼伊斯兰金融学者大会的教案中使用
Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.15642/AD.2018.8.02.425-453
Imron Rosyadi
This study aims to describe and analyze the use of legal maxims of Islamic law in the fatwas of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) on Islamic finance with content analysis. MUI’s fatwas on Islamic finance are amounted to 116 fatwas, using 322 items of rules. The highest number of items according to the cluster of rules which are found on the asasîyah rules are 252 items, then kullîyah rules which well agreed have 47 items, in madhhab’s kullîyah there are 17 items, and the last on special rules have 6 items. The highest number of items by category of rules are on the principle of the third asasîyah rules, 111 items, then the principle of second asasîyah rules have 63 items. From the perspective of content analysis, the use of fikih in the MUI’s fatwas on Islamic finance considers the freedom of mu`amalah to achieve a rapid progress as far as it does not endanger the businessmen and other parties. The signposts are that business should depart from good will, adapt to the traditions of its type of business, and creatively seek solutions to business problems. All matters relating to mu`amalah involve the role of policy maker to use the principle of benefit in its policy
本研究旨在通过内容分析来描述和分析印度尼西亚乌里玛委员会(MUI)关于伊斯兰金融的教令中伊斯兰法律准则的使用。MUI对伊斯兰金融的教令共计116条,使用了322条规则。根据在asasasyah规则中发现的规则簇的最高条目数是252个条目,然后是kullyah规则,一致的规则有47个条目,在madhhab的kull中有17个条目,最后在特殊规则中有6个条目。按规则类别划分的条目数最多的是关于第三条asas规则的原则,有111条,其次是关于第二条asas规则的原则,有63条。从内容分析的角度来看,MUI关于伊斯兰金融的教令中fikih的使用考虑到mu 'amalah的自由在不危及商人和其他各方的情况下取得快速进展。其标志是,企业应脱离善意,适应其业务类型的传统,并创造性地寻求解决业务问题的办法。所有与穆阿马拉有关的问题都涉及决策者在政策中运用利益原则的角色
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引用次数: 0
Kewenangan Pemerintah Dalam Pengadaan Tanah Untuk Kepentingan Umum 政府为公共利益采购土地的权力
Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.15642/AD.2018.8.02.318-345
Muwahid Muwahid
The government, in carrying out land acquisition for the public interest, gets the authority of attribution in Law No. 5 of 1960 about the Basic Agrarian Principles (UUPA) as contained in article 2, article 6, and article 18. On the oher hands, the government also gets the attributional authority of Law No. 20 of 1961 about revocation of land rights, and Law No. 2 of 2012 about land acquisition for development of the public interest. However, in the laws and regulations governing land acquisition in the public interest, there is an inconsistency in regulation between Law No. 2 of 2012 and Law No. 20 of 1961. Several articles in Law No. 2 of 2012 deny the provisions regulated in Law No. 20 of 1961. Even though Law No. 20 of 1961 is still valid because it has never been revoked or replaced with other laws and regulations. Beside that, there is an overlapping arrangement between Law No. 2 of 2012 and Law No. 20 of 1961. Keywords: Authority, Government, Land Procur
政府在为公共利益进行土地征用时,根据1960年第5号关于《基本土地原则》(UUPA)的法律(第2条、第6条和第18条)获得归属的权力。另一方面,政府还获得了1961年第20号法关于土地权利撤销和2012年第2号法关于公共利益开发征地的归因权。然而,在有关公共利益征地的法律法规中,2012年第2号法与1961年第20号法的规定存在不一致。2012年第2号法中的若干条款否定了1961年第20号法的规定。尽管1961年第20号法律仍然有效,因为它从未被撤销或被其他法律法规取代。此外,2012年第2号法与1961年第20号法之间存在重叠安排。关键词:权力机构,政府,土地检察官
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引用次数: 0
Tanggung Gugat Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah Atas Keterlambatan Pendaftaran Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan Secara Online di Kantor Pertanahan 地契制定者对在当地办事处在线登记房契的迟到负责
Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.15642/ad.2018.8.02.346-372
Fatimah Zakiyyah
Jurnal berjudul Analisis Tanggung Gugat Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah Atas Keterlambatan Pendaftaran Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan Secara Online Di Kantor Pertanahan, dengan permasalahan yaitu ratio decidendi hakim yang menolak permohonan kasasi pemohon dalam putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1563 K/Pdt/2010 tersebut dan akibat hukum bagi kreditor atas keterlambatan pendaftaran APHT oleh PPAT secara online ke Kantor Pertanahan untuk terbitnya sertipikat hak tanggungan, diperoleh suatu kesimpulan bahwa: Ratio decidendi putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1563 K/PDT/2010, yang menolak dalil-dalil penggugat (Wati Rachmawati dan  Herizal  Febriansyah) mengenai cacat hukum APHT karena PPAT mengirimkan berkas APHT lebih dari 7 (tujuh) hari setelah berkas ditandatangani bertentangan dengan ketentuan pasal 13 UUHT. Namun Mahkamah Agung dalam putusannya menolak dalil-dalil kasasi dari Wati Rachmawati dan  Herizal  Febriansyah dengan pertimbangan pemohon kasasi tidak dapat membuktikan dalil-dalilnya, yang berarti bahwa jika pemohon kasasi dapat membuktikan keterlambatan pengiriman berkas dalam APHT, maka gugatan dikabulkan, karena yang dibebani pembuktian bukan Wati Rachmawati dan  Herizal  Febriansyah, melainkan PPAT yang membuat APHT             PPAT yang terlambat mengirimkan akta pemberian hak tanggungan dapat dikatakan melakukan perbuatan melanggar hukum yakni melanggar ketentuan pasal 62 PP Nomor 37 Tahun 1998, namun terhadap keterlambatan tersebut apabila Rachmawati dapat membuktikan dirinya menderita kerugian, namun jika tidak dapat membuktikan, maka PPAT tidak dapat dimintakan pertanggungan gugat berupa ganti kerugian atas dasar telah melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum sebagaimana Pasal 1365 KUH Perdata, karena unsur adanya kerugian dan hubungan kausal antara perbuatan dengan kerugian yang timbul tidak terpenuhi
期刊《分析官员提起诉讼,地契耽搁制造者责任契约让步家眷在网上登记办公室管理问题的土地,即ratio decidendi法官拒绝了上诉申请的申请人在2010年最高法院的裁决1563号K -哈特利牧师和对债权人的法律后果上述土地登记办公室在网上被PPAT APHT延迟出版sertipikat重担的权利,获得了一个结论:法院判决书1563 K/PDT/2010年,Ratio裁定原告(wachmawati和Herizal Febriansyah)有缺陷,因为PPAT在与《宪法》第13条第1条一致签署后7天(7天)提交了APHT文件。但是最高法院驳回了kasasi的dalil-dalil kasasi和kabriansyah的诉讼,这意味着,如果kasasi的申请证明文件在APHT上的延迟,那么诉讼就被批准了,因为证明的不是Wati Rachmawati和Herizal Febriansyah,但是,如果Rachmawati能够证明自己的损失,如果他不能证明,因此,不能根据《民事法典》第1365条规定的违例赔偿损失的禁令,因为损害的因素及其因果关系没有得到满足
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引用次数: 0
Konsep Negara dan Relevansi Terhadap NKRI Perspektif Emha Ainun Nadjib 国家概念与NKRI视角的相关性Emha Ainun Nadjib
Pub Date : 2018-10-03 DOI: 10.15642/ad.2018.8.2.278-295
Muh. Ainun Najib
State and power are two things that cannot be separated from one another. Substantially, both have the main purpose of creating prosperity for the people. In fact, the Indonesia's democratic system seems to be imperfect. Therefore, it needs to have reorientation and revitalization of the concept in its implementation. The thought of Muhammad Ainun Najib (Cak Nun), in this context, is an alternative offer, such as; first, there is a distinction between state institutions and government institutions, between the head of state and the head of government, for the sake of creating political stability and the administration of the good governance; second, the criteria of a leader need to have scientific quality that is not only knowing issues of the personal and group interests, but also understanding in detail about the life of the regions; third, Indonesia should have five national pillars such as people, Indonesian National Army (TNI), intellectuals, customs and culture, as well as spiritual powers. Those five pillars are supposed to support the upright and the solid state of the Republic of Indonesia.
国家和权力是两个不可分割的东西。实质上,两者的主要目的都是为人民创造富裕。事实上,印尼的民主制度似乎并不完美。因此,在实施过程中需要重新定位和振兴这一概念。在这种背景下,穆罕默德·阿伊农·纳吉布(Cak Nun)的思想是一种替代提议,例如;首先,区分国家机构和政府机构,区分国家元首和政府首脑,这是为了创造政治稳定和良好治理的行政;其次,领导者的标准需要具备科学素质,既要知道个人和群体的利益问题,又要详细了解地区的生活;第三,印尼要有人民、印尼国民军(TNI)、知识分子、风俗文化、精神力量等五大支柱。这五个支柱应该支撑着印度尼西亚共和国的正直和坚实的国家。
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引用次数: 0
Pembaharuan Hukum Tata Negara Indonesia Dalam Rangka Mewujudkan Cita Negara Hukum Nasional 印尼国家法律的更新,以实现国家法律的理想
Pub Date : 2018-10-02 DOI: 10.15642/ad.2018.8.02.373-398
Titik Triwulan Tutik
Legal products or legislation as objects of Constitutional Law contain elements of dynamics that are closely related to the movements and needs of individuals in society and the growth of state organizations. Considering the interrelation between Constitutional Law and social changes, it is obvious that what is important in Constitutional Law is not just studying the Constitution and legislation, but more pressure should be given to the process of the Act. In this context, awareness and renewal of ways of thinking in the field of Constitutional Law are needed so that the legal narrowness caused by the lack of extensive legal treasury no longer appears in the form of legal thinking or mere juridisch denken, which results in a narrow mindset in the form of imitating the rules. rules only. Constitutional law not only pays attention to a formal perspective, but also a functional angle, so that it will always be dynamic.
作为宪法对象的法律产品或立法包含与社会中个人的运动和需求以及国家组织的发展密切相关的动态要素。考虑到宪法与社会变迁的相互关系,很明显,宪法研究的重点不仅仅是研究宪法和立法,而是要给立法过程更多的压力。在此背景下,需要对宪法领域的思维方式进行认识和更新,使由于缺乏广泛的法律宝库而导致的法律狭隘不再以法律思维或单纯的法理思维的形式出现,从而导致以模仿规则的形式出现的狭隘思维。规则。宪法既注重形式视角,又注重功能视角,使其始终具有动态性。
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引用次数: 1
Eksistensi AAUPB di Indonesia dan Yurisprudensinya Dalam Perkara TUN
Pub Date : 2018-10-02 DOI: 10.15642/ad.2018.8.02.296-317
Ikhsan Fatah Yasin
This article discusses the General Principles of Good Governance (AAUPB). It has a long journey from the beginning of its coming in the Netherland to its application in Indonesia today. AAUPB, which previously was only in theoretical realm, it changes into Law No. 30 of 2014 today. The principles contained in the law are legal certainty; expediency; impartiality; accuracy; not to abuse authority; openness; public interest; and good service. In addition to these principles, we can also use other principles as far as they become the basis for the judges' judgments that have permanent legal force. In various cases, the basis of the claim of AAUPB does not stand alone but it is also juxtaposed with violations of statutory regulations. The Supreme Court verdict has become a jurisprudence between Suhaili Saun (shareholder in PT Volex Batamindah) and the Chairman of BKPM, although the plaintiff also argued that violating the AAUPB namely the principle of legal certainty, the defendant also violated article 2 letter b of Law No. 1 of 1967 about Foreign Investment. In the case of the dismissal of Bripda Helga Musa Sitepu by the Head of the North Sumatra Regional Police, the decree has violated article 2 paragraph 2 letter d and article 11 paragraph 1 of KAPOLRI regulation No. 8 of 2006 and was contrary to the principle of the district.
本文讨论了善治的一般原则(AAUPB)。它从最初在荷兰提出,到今天在印度尼西亚得到应用,经历了漫长的历程。AAUPB以前只是一个理论领域,今天它变成了2014年第30号法律。法律所包含的原则是法律的确定性;权宜之计;公正;准确;不得滥用职权;开放;公共利益;服务也很好。除了这些原则之外,我们还可以使用其他原则,只要这些原则成为法官判决的基础,并具有永久的法律效力。在各种情况下,AAUPB索赔的依据不是单独的,但它也与违反法定规定并列。最高法院的判决已成为Suhaili Saun (PT Volex Batamindah股东)与BKPM主席之间的判例,尽管原告也辩称违反了AAUPB即法律确定性原则,被告也违反了1967年关于外国投资的第1号法第2条b款。在北苏门答腊地区警察局长解除Bripda Helga Musa Sitepu的案件中,该法令违反了2006年第8号KAPOLRI条例第2条第2款d字母和第11条第1款,并且违反了该地区的原则。
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引用次数: 1
Fenomenologi Islamisme dan Terorisme 伊斯兰主义和恐怖主义的现象学
Pub Date : 2018-08-02 DOI: 10.15642/ad.2018.8.1.194-225
Ridwan Rosdiawan
Abstract: There are three mainstream theories which elucidate the relationship between Islamic doctrine and political actions that lead to terrorism acts of its believers: Firstly: they who believe that justification of violence and terror acts is inherent products of religious doctrine. Secondly: those who view that terrorism is profane matters, unrelated to religious doctrine whatsoever. Thirdly, opinion that state that terrorism is syncretism as well as interrelative modification between politics and religion. Although the three theories differ in concluding the role of religion in terrorism, they share some analytical approach, which put religion as doctrine and politics as political drive in every terrorism act. To measure the more dominant motive of the two can be done using two perspectives of phenomenology. First perspective views islamist movement as a form of anti modernism which emerges as a cure for western-type of modernization. The west is the enemy. Second perspective concludes that the movement is phenomenon of manifestation as well as response to post-modern development. Islamism emerges as something different, echoing cultural autonomy, alternative political entity as well as moral ideological critique of secularism brought by modernism.     Key words: Islamism, terrorism, phenomenology
摘要:关于伊斯兰教义与导致其信徒恐怖主义行为的政治行为之间的关系,目前有三种主流理论:第一种是认为暴力和恐怖行为的正当性是宗教教义的固有产物。第二,那些认为恐怖主义是亵渎神明的人,与宗教教义无关。第三,认为恐怖主义是政治与宗教之间的融合和相互关联的修正的观点。虽然这三种理论在总结宗教在恐怖主义中的作用方面有所不同,但它们都有一些共同的分析方法,即在每一次恐怖主义行为中都把宗教作为教义,把政治作为政治驱动力。要衡量两者中更主要的动机,可以使用现象学的两个视角。第一种观点认为伊斯兰运动是一种反现代主义的形式,它是西方现代化的一种治疗方法。西方是敌人。第二种观点认为,这一运动是一种表现现象,也是对后现代发展的回应。伊斯兰主义是作为一种不同的东西出现的,它呼应了现代主义带来的文化自治、另类政治实体以及对世俗主义的道德意识形态批判。关键词:伊斯兰主义,恐怖主义,现象学
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam
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