A hajtatas szempontjabol Europaban ket fő iranyvonal a jellemző: az egyik az eszaki vagy holland rendszer, amely beruhazas-igenyes es jelentős az energiafelhasznalasa a termesztes soran, a masik pedig a deli vagy mediterran tipusu rendszer, amelyet alacsony beruhazasi koltseg es az eszakihoz kepest alacsonyabb energiafogyasztas jellemez. Magyarorszag az előbbi tipusba tartozik. A termesztestechnologia modernizacioja az egysegnyi teruletre juto hozamok javulasat eredmenyezte. A termesztő berendezes tipusa es eletkora meghatarozza a termeles szinvonalat. Magyarorszagon a zoldseghajtatas uveghazakban, illetve foliasatrakban tortenik. A klimatikus korulmenyek a paradicsom szamara uveghazban idealisak, mig a paprika foliasator alatt is sikeresen termeszthető. Nem csak Magyarorszagon, hanem Europaban is az a tendencia ervenyesul, hogy az uveghazas beruhazasok tobbnyire paradicsom termesztesere rendezkedtek be. A versenykepes zoldseghajtatas alapjat kepezi tobbek kozott a talaj nelkuli termesztes szeleskorű elterjedese, az integralt es biologiai novenyvedelem alkalmazasa, a fuggesztett csatornas rendszer kiepitese es a megujulo energiaforrasok felhasznalasa. Magyarorszagon a biomassza a meghatarozo megujulo energiaforras, de a kerteszet szamara kiemelkedő fontossagu a termalviz fűtes celu felhasznalasa. A fosszilis energiahordozokkal szemben a megujulo energiaforrasok alkalmazasaval a fűtesi koltseg nagyaranyu csokkentese erhető el a termesztő berendezesekben. A jelenleg is ervenyben levő jogszabalyok lehetőve teszik a termalviz fűtes celu kitermeleset annak visszasajtolasa nelkul. Igy a termelők jelentős beruhazasi tehertől mentesulnek. Cikkunkben szekunder forrasok felkutatasaval kiemelunk nehany, a hajtatasban fontos szerepet betoltő orszagot, tovabba jellemezzuk a hajtatasban elterjedt technologiai elemek alkalmazhatosagat. Kiterunk a mezőgazdasagi foglalkoztatasra, kulonos figyelmet forditva a szezonalis munkaerő kerdeskorre a kerteszetben. Elemezzuk a geotermikus energia kerteszeti celu felhasznalasanak lehetősegeit, jovőbeni kilatasait. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Europe can be divided in two groups separate trends in regard of the greenhouses: one is the northern or Dutch system with high investments and high energy consumption during the production period, the other is the southern or Mediterranean system with low investment costs and lower energy consumptions (compared to the northern system). Hungary is mostly using the first type of greenhouses. The yield per hectare is increasing with the modernization of the production technology. The type and age of the production equipment has a great influence on the production quality. Greenhouse production of vegetables is mostly done in glasshouses and polytunnels in Hungary. The climate conditions are ideal for the production of tomatoes in glasshouses, while pepper can also be produced successfully under polytunnel. It is not only a Hungarian, but a Europ
{"title":"A MAGYARORSZÁGI ZÖLDSÉGHAJTATÁS SAJÁTOSSÁGAI ÉS A GEOTERMÁLIS ENERGIAFELHASZNÁLÁS JELENTŐSÉGE","authors":"I. Berczi, S. Németh","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.229334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.229334","url":null,"abstract":"A hajtatas szempontjabol Europaban ket fő iranyvonal a jellemző: az egyik az eszaki vagy holland rendszer, amely beruhazas-igenyes es jelentős az energiafelhasznalasa a termesztes soran, a masik pedig a deli vagy mediterran tipusu rendszer, amelyet alacsony beruhazasi koltseg es az eszakihoz kepest alacsonyabb energiafogyasztas jellemez. Magyarorszag az előbbi tipusba tartozik. A termesztestechnologia modernizacioja az egysegnyi teruletre juto hozamok javulasat eredmenyezte. A termesztő berendezes tipusa es eletkora meghatarozza a termeles szinvonalat. Magyarorszagon a zoldseghajtatas uveghazakban, illetve foliasatrakban tortenik. A klimatikus korulmenyek a paradicsom szamara uveghazban idealisak, mig a paprika foliasator alatt is sikeresen termeszthető. Nem csak Magyarorszagon, hanem Europaban is az a tendencia ervenyesul, hogy az uveghazas beruhazasok tobbnyire paradicsom termesztesere rendezkedtek be. A versenykepes zoldseghajtatas alapjat kepezi tobbek kozott a talaj nelkuli termesztes szeleskorű elterjedese, az integralt es biologiai novenyvedelem alkalmazasa, a fuggesztett csatornas rendszer kiepitese es a megujulo energiaforrasok felhasznalasa. Magyarorszagon a biomassza a meghatarozo megujulo energiaforras, de a kerteszet szamara kiemelkedő fontossagu a termalviz fűtes celu felhasznalasa. A fosszilis energiahordozokkal szemben a megujulo energiaforrasok alkalmazasaval a fűtesi koltseg nagyaranyu csokkentese erhető el a termesztő berendezesekben. A jelenleg is ervenyben levő jogszabalyok lehetőve teszik a termalviz fűtes celu kitermeleset annak visszasajtolasa nelkul. Igy a termelők jelentős beruhazasi tehertől mentesulnek. Cikkunkben szekunder forrasok felkutatasaval kiemelunk nehany, a hajtatasban fontos szerepet betoltő orszagot, tovabba jellemezzuk a hajtatasban elterjedt technologiai elemek alkalmazhatosagat. Kiterunk a mezőgazdasagi foglalkoztatasra, kulonos figyelmet forditva a szezonalis munkaerő kerdeskorre a kerteszetben. Elemezzuk a geotermikus energia kerteszeti celu felhasznalasanak lehetősegeit, jovőbeni kilatasait. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Europe can be divided in two groups separate trends in regard of the greenhouses: one is the northern or Dutch system with high investments and high energy consumption during the production period, the other is the southern or Mediterranean system with low investment costs and lower energy consumptions (compared to the northern system). Hungary is mostly using the first type of greenhouses. The yield per hectare is increasing with the modernization of the production technology. The type and age of the production equipment has a great influence on the production quality. Greenhouse production of vegetables is mostly done in glasshouses and polytunnels in Hungary. The climate conditions are ideal for the production of tomatoes in glasshouses, while pepper can also be produced successfully under polytunnel. It is not only a Hungarian, but a Europ","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124404883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work is based on the talk given by Csernai at the Blue Sky International Conference in the Buda Castle on October 30, 2015, Budapest, Hungary. The human development on the Earth is analysed based on basic physical principles and the available resources. The areal and material resources are obviously finite, but the very fundamen¬tal energy resources are sufficient for solid and sustainable continuing development. These energy resources can compensate many of the constraints arising from the finite material resources. The development is going in the direction of increasing complexity on the surface of the Earth, due to the increasing green mass and the developing biological and material complex structures. This sustainable development is enabled by the astrophysical conditions and con¬straints and these conditions provide a good possibility for continuous further development in a sus¬tainable way. This development is characterized by the increasing neg-entropy on the surface of the Earth. -------------------------------------------------------- A cikk Csernai Laszlo előadasan alapul, amit a Budai Varban a Blue Sky nemzetkozi tanacskozason tartott, 2015. oktober 30-an. A Foldon az emberi fejlődest az alapvető fizikai elvek es a rendelkezesre allo forrasok alapjan tanulmanyozzuk. A rendelkezesunkre allo terulet es az anyagi forrasok nyilvanvaloan vegesek, de az alapvető energiaforrasok elegendőek egy szilard es fenntarthato folytonos fejlődeshez. Ezek az energiaforrasok kiegyenliteni tudjak a veges anyagi forrasokbol eredő megszoritasokat. A fejlődes az osszetettebb rendszerek iranyaba tortenik a Fold felszinen, a novekvő zoldtomeg es a fejlődő biologiai es osszetett anyagi rendszerek kialakulasaval. Ezt a fenntarthato fejlődest az asztrofizikai feltetelek es korlatok teszik lehetőve, amelyek jo felteteleket biztositanak a tovabbi folytonos fejlődesnek egy fenntarthato modon. Ez a fejlődes a Fold feluleten a novekvő neg-entropia kialakulasaval jellemezhető.
这幅作品是基于Csernai在2015年10月30日于匈牙利布达佩斯布达城堡举行的蓝天国际会议上的演讲。根据基本的物理原理和可利用的资源，分析了人类在地球上的发展。土地和物质资源显然是有限的，但最基本的能源资源足以实现坚实和可持续的持续发展。这些能源资源可以弥补由于有限的物质资源而产生的许多限制。由于绿色质量的增加和生物和材料复杂结构的发展，地球表面的发展正朝着日益复杂的方向发展。这种可持续发展是由天体物理条件和约束实现的，这些条件为以可持续的方式继续进一步发展提供了良好的可能性。这种发展的特点是地球表面负熵的增加。-------------------------------------------------------- 一个cikk Csernai Laszlo előadasan alapul,阿米特一个布代伊Varban蓝天nemzetkozi tanacskozason tartott, 2015。oktober 30-an。A Foldon az emberi fejlődest az alapvetz fizikai elvek是一种可识别的类型，用于识别alapjan tanulmanyozzuk。A rendelkezesunkre允许terulet = az anyagi forrasok nyvanvaloan vegesek, de az alapvetze = energiaforrasok elegendőek @ szilard = fentarthto folytonos fejlődeshez。Ezek az energaforrasok kiegyenliteni tudjak and veges anyagi forrasokbol eredzerogszoritasokat。一个fejlődes az osszetetebb rendszerek iranyaba tortenik A Fold felszinen，一个新发现的zoldtomeg和一个fejlődő生物学上的osszetett anyagi rendszerek kialakulasaval。eza fenntarthato fejlődest az asztrofizikai feltetelek es korlatok teszik lehetőve, amelyek jo felteteleket biztositanak a tovabbi folytonos fejlődesnek egentarthato modon。Ez a fejlődes a Fold feluleten a novekven - negi -entropia kialakulasaval jellemezhetja。
{"title":"Physical basis of sustainable development","authors":"L. Csernai, I. Papp, S. Spinnangr, Yi-Loung Xie","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.236574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.236574","url":null,"abstract":"This work is based on the talk given by Csernai at the Blue Sky International Conference in the Buda Castle on October 30, 2015, Budapest, Hungary. The human development on the Earth is analysed based on basic physical principles and the available resources. The areal and material resources are obviously finite, but the very fundamen¬tal energy resources are sufficient for solid and sustainable continuing development. These energy resources can compensate many of the constraints arising from the finite material resources. The development is going in the direction of increasing complexity on the surface of the Earth, due to the increasing green mass and the developing biological and material complex structures. This sustainable development is enabled by the astrophysical conditions and con¬straints and these conditions provide a good possibility for continuous further development in a sus¬tainable way. This development is characterized by the increasing neg-entropy on the surface of the Earth. -------------------------------------------------------- A cikk Csernai Laszlo előadasan alapul, amit a Budai Varban a Blue Sky nemzetkozi tanacskozason tartott, 2015. oktober 30-an. A Foldon az emberi fejlődest az alapvető fizikai elvek es a rendelkezesre allo forrasok alapjan tanulmanyozzuk. A rendelkezesunkre allo terulet es az anyagi forrasok nyilvanvaloan vegesek, de az alapvető energiaforrasok elegendőek egy szilard es fenntarthato folytonos fejlődeshez. Ezek az energiaforrasok kiegyenliteni tudjak a veges anyagi forrasokbol eredő megszoritasokat. A fejlődes az osszetettebb rendszerek iranyaba tortenik a Fold felszinen, a novekvő zoldtomeg es a fejlődő biologiai es osszetett anyagi rendszerek kialakulasaval. Ezt a fenntarthato fejlődest az asztrofizikai feltetelek es korlatok teszik lehetőve, amelyek jo felteteleket biztositanak a tovabbi folytonos fejlődesnek egy fenntarthato modon. Ez a fejlődes a Fold feluleten a novekvő neg-entropia kialakulasaval jellemezhető.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116387026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33038/JCEGI.2018.6.3.13
A. Baranyi
When examining the number of businesses in our country, we conclude that it is undergoing continuous transformation. Over the last decade, the corporate sector has not only rejuvenated, but also its financial situation is changing. Improving the performance of the domestic corporate sector is an indispensable driving force for domestic economic growth. In my research, I was examining the financial situation of a couple of businesses operating for ten years, whether it is possible to typify these businesses based on their financial performance and classify them by statistically supported methods and, if so, how well these groups can be distinguished. 3658 members of the examined SME sector were analysed by factor and cluster analysis. The study was carried out with the processing and analysis of secondary data, the aggregate part of which is from the publicly available source of KSH’s electronic form, while Opten Kft. has provided me another most important part in June 2017.
{"title":"Tipifying the financial position of the Hungarian Corporate Sector in the period between 2006 and 2015","authors":"A. Baranyi","doi":"10.33038/JCEGI.2018.6.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33038/JCEGI.2018.6.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"When examining the number of businesses in our country, we conclude that it is undergoing continuous transformation. Over the last decade, the corporate sector has not only rejuvenated, but also its financial situation is changing. Improving the performance of the domestic corporate sector is an indispensable driving force for domestic economic growth. In my research, I was examining the financial situation of a couple of businesses operating for ten years, whether it is possible to typify these businesses based on their financial performance and classify them by statistically supported methods and, if so, how well these groups can be distinguished. 3658 members of the examined SME sector were analysed by factor and cluster analysis. The study was carried out with the processing and analysis of secondary data, the aggregate part of which is from the publicly available source of KSH’s electronic form, while Opten Kft. has provided me another most important part in June 2017.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125106479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Relationships between heavy metals, soils and plants may be studied in objective manner in field conditions. A long-term field experiment was set up with some microelements at Karoly Robert College on a slightly acidic clay soil. Four levels (0, 30, 90 and 270 hg element*ha-1) of microelements were added to plots separately at initiation. Different crops (winter wheat, maize and sunflower) were grown each year. In addition to yield evaluation, soil tests and plant analyses were completed yearly. In the first year of the experiment nearly the total amount of applied elements could be detected in the ploughed layer in mobile form. Two years later only about one-third of the applied elements were traced in available forms. With time there was a fixation of these elements in less mobile/soluble forms and they stayed mainly in the cultivated soil layer. Cd remains mobile in the soil-plant system for a long time. It accumulated both in the vegetative and generative parts of plants with no observed symptoms of toxicity and yield loss. Pb can enter both the vegetative and generative plant organs, however its accumulation cannot be increased with increasing Pb loads of the soil. Pb has low mobility in the soil-plant system. Hg and As cannot translocate into the grain even their extremely high concentration in the soil. Grain, as a generative organ, proved to be resistant tot these micropollutants. The non-essential elements Cd, Cr and Pb can translocate into the grain, so they can pollute the food chain. -------------------------------------------------------- A nehezfem-talaj-noveny kapcsolat-rendszer egzakt szabadfoldi kiserletekben tanulmanyozhato megbizhatoan. A Karoly Robert Főiskolan szabadfoldi nehezfem-terhelesi tartamkiserletet allitottunk be gyengen savanyu agyag talajon, 8 mikroelemmel negy terhelesi szinten (0/30, 90 es 270 kg elem/ha). A parcellakon minden evben mas-mas jelzőnovenyt termesztettunk (őszi buza, kukorica, napraforgo). A termes merese mellett evente talaj- es novenyvizsgalatokat vegeztunk. A kiserlet első eveben a kiszort elemek csaknem teljes mennyisege mobilis formaban volt kimutathato a szantott retegben. Ket evvel kesőbb mar csak kb. ketharmad reszuk volt kimutathato felvehető formaban. Idővel az elemek oldhatosaga/felvehetősege csokkent es a művelt talajretegben maradtak. A Cd hosszu ideig megtartotta mozgekonysagat a talaj-noveny rendszerben. Dusulasa a vegetativ es generativ novenyi reszekben is megfigyelhető volt fitotoxikus tunetek es termes csokkenes nelkul. Az Pb beepult a vegetativ es a generativ novenyi reszekbe, de talajterheles hatasara dusulasa nem volt igazolhato. Csak kis mertekben mozgekony a talaj-noveny rendszerben. Az As es a Hg meg extrem magas talajterheles eseten sem epult be a szemtermesbe. A szem, mint generativ szerv genetikailag vedett e szennyezőkkel szemben. A noveny szamara nem esszencialis elemek kozul a Cd, Cr es az Pb bekerultek a szemtermesbe, es igy terhelhetik a taplaleklancot.
在田间条件下，可以客观地研究重金属、土壤和植物之间的关系。在Karoly Robert学院进行了一项长期的田间试验，在微酸性粘土上添加了一些微量元素。在启动时分别添加0、30、90和270 hg元素*ha-1 4个水平的微量元素。每年种植不同的作物(冬小麦、玉米和向日葵)。除产量评价外，每年还完成土壤试验和植物分析。在试验的第一年，几乎所有施用元素都能以流动形式在耕层中检测到。两年后，只有大约三分之一的应用元素以可用的形式被追踪。随着时间的推移，这些元素以较不流动/可溶性的形式固定下来，它们主要停留在耕地土层中。镉在土壤-植物系统中长时间保持流动性。它在植物的营养和生殖部分都有积累，但没有观察到毒性和产量损失的症状。铅可以进入植物营养器官和生殖器官，但其积累量不随土壤铅负荷的增加而增加。铅在土壤-植物系统中流动性较低。汞和砷即使在土壤中浓度极高，也不能转运到粮食中。谷物作为生殖器官，对这些微污染物具有一定的抗性。非必需元素Cd、Cr和Pb可以转运到粮食中，从而污染食物链。-------------------------------------------------------- 一个nehezfem-talaj-noveny kapcsolat-rendszer egzakt szabadfoldi kiserletekben tanulmanyozhato megbizhatoan。A Karoly Robert Főiskolan szabadfoldi nehezem -terhelesi tartamkiserletet allitottunk be gyengen savanyu agyag talajon, 8微元素能量terhelesi szinten (0/ 30,90 - 270 kg元素/ha)。一个包裹，即使在圣诞节jelzőnovenyt termesztettunk (őszi buza, kukorica, napra放弃)。一个术语仅仅是mellet event talaj- es novenyvizsgalatokat vegeztunk。一个小女孩甚至连一个小女孩都不知道，因为小女孩知道，小女孩的运动是由一个小女孩的运动构成的。保持平衡kesőbb mar csak kb。Ketharmad reszuk volt kimuttathato felvehetteformaban。Idővel az elemek oldhatosaga/felvehetősege csokkent es a művelt talajretegben maradtak。一名女大学生设计了一种叫做“大蛋糕”的小蛋糕。杜鹃花是一种植物性繁殖的新植物，它是一种巨大的植物性繁殖新植物，它的名称是杜鹃花。黄芪是一种具有繁殖能力的植物，在黄芪中被称为“黄芪”。萨克萨克的mertekben mozgekony和talaj- nokiy rendszeren。这是一个巨大的极端岩浆，它似乎是一个极端岩浆。一个系统，薄荷生成szerv基因ailag vedete szennyezőkkel szemben。一种新颖的研究方法是:在不同的环境中，有不同的元素，如:镉、铬、铅、铅等。
{"title":"BEHAVIOR OF HEAVY METALS IN THE SOIL-PLANT SYSTEM","authors":"L. Fodor, L. Szegedi","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.199421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.199421","url":null,"abstract":"Relationships between heavy metals, soils and plants may be studied in objective manner in field conditions. A long-term field experiment was set up with some microelements at Karoly Robert College on a slightly acidic clay soil. Four levels (0, 30, 90 and 270 hg element*ha-1) of microelements were added to plots separately at initiation. Different crops (winter wheat, maize and sunflower) were grown each year. In addition to yield evaluation, soil tests and plant analyses were completed yearly. In the first year of the experiment nearly the total amount of applied elements could be detected in the ploughed layer in mobile form. Two years later only about one-third of the applied elements were traced in available forms. With time there was a fixation of these elements in less mobile/soluble forms and they stayed mainly in the cultivated soil layer. Cd remains mobile in the soil-plant system for a long time. It accumulated both in the vegetative and generative parts of plants with no observed symptoms of toxicity and yield loss. Pb can enter both the vegetative and generative plant organs, however its accumulation cannot be increased with increasing Pb loads of the soil. Pb has low mobility in the soil-plant system. Hg and As cannot translocate into the grain even their extremely high concentration in the soil. Grain, as a generative organ, proved to be resistant tot these micropollutants. The non-essential elements Cd, Cr and Pb can translocate into the grain, so they can pollute the food chain. -------------------------------------------------------- A nehezfem-talaj-noveny kapcsolat-rendszer egzakt szabadfoldi kiserletekben tanulmanyozhato megbizhatoan. A Karoly Robert Főiskolan szabadfoldi nehezfem-terhelesi tartamkiserletet allitottunk be gyengen savanyu agyag talajon, 8 mikroelemmel negy terhelesi szinten (0/30, 90 es 270 kg elem/ha). A parcellakon minden evben mas-mas jelzőnovenyt termesztettunk (őszi buza, kukorica, napraforgo). A termes merese mellett evente talaj- es novenyvizsgalatokat vegeztunk. A kiserlet első eveben a kiszort elemek csaknem teljes mennyisege mobilis formaban volt kimutathato a szantott retegben. Ket evvel kesőbb mar csak kb. ketharmad reszuk volt kimutathato felvehető formaban. Idővel az elemek oldhatosaga/felvehetősege csokkent es a művelt talajretegben maradtak. A Cd hosszu ideig megtartotta mozgekonysagat a talaj-noveny rendszerben. Dusulasa a vegetativ es generativ novenyi reszekben is megfigyelhető volt fitotoxikus tunetek es termes csokkenes nelkul. Az Pb beepult a vegetativ es a generativ novenyi reszekbe, de talajterheles hatasara dusulasa nem volt igazolhato. Csak kis mertekben mozgekony a talaj-noveny rendszerben. Az As es a Hg meg extrem magas talajterheles eseten sem epult be a szemtermesbe. A szem, mint generativ szerv genetikailag vedett e szennyezőkkel szemben. A noveny szamara nem esszencialis elemek kozul a Cd, Cr es az Pb bekerultek a szemtermesbe, es igy terhelhetik a taplaleklancot.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129624456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romania egyik tortenelmi regiojaban, Szekelyfoldon az erdővel boritottsag meghaladja a 40%-ot. Az erdőgazdalkodasbol es fafeldolgozasbol szarmazo fahulladek valamint a fafeldolgozas mellektermekeinek szamito fűreszkorpa es mas hulladekok nagy mennyisegű biomasszat, mint megujulo energiat jelentenek a regioban. A fahulladekok energetikai hasznositasa csak par eve kezdődott, igy hasznositasuk meg elmarad az adottsagokhoz kepest. A tanulmany a fenntarthato erdőgazdalkodas es fafeldolgozas mellett a fahulladekok energetikai celu felhasznalasi lehetősegeit kutatja, helyi szintű potencial felmeressel es eddigi megvalositasok kiertekelesevel. A tanulmany tomoren kiter a CO2 kibocsajtas enyhitesi lehetősegere, helyi, energia fuggetlenedesi lehetősegekre, helyi gazdasagelenkitő hatasaira, energiaellato erteklancok kialakitasara. A tanulmany főbb eredmenyei a kovetkezők: helyi szintű (NUTs V.) fahulladek energiapotencial felmeres es ezen eredmenyek terkepi megjelenitese. A potencialbecsles utan a helyi hő-es villamos energia igenyek osszevetesre kerulnek a helyi fahulladek energia potencialokkal, azt kutatva, hogy a helyi potencialok mekkora mertekben tudnak a helyi energiaigenyeket fedezni, hasznositasuk pedig milyen gazdasagi es tarsadalmi hatassal jarnak. ---------- In Seklerland – the historical region of Romania – the forest covering achieve more than 40% of total surface. The logging waste, the wood waste from the local sawmills and other wood waste of wood industry produce the biggest green energy potential in the field of renewable energy. In spite of this, the energy recovery’s process from the wood waste started just a few years ago, thus lagging behind compared to the possibilities. For the sustainable forest management, would be important to focus on the more intensive utilization of the wood waste, thereby the volume of logging could be reduced. This paper covers briefly the following topics: reducing the CO2 emission; the possibilities of the increasing energy independence; the economic, social and environmental benefits of the application projects; creating new jobs; etc. The main results of this study: estimating in Seklerland on a local-level the energy potential by the wood waste and mapping the results’ spatial distribution. After the potential results’ prediction, this essay includes a comparison of the local heat and electricity consumption/ demand versus possibilities of the energy supply with wood waste for producing energy
{"title":"SZÉKELYFÖLD FAHULLADÉKAINAK ENERGIAPOTENCIÁLJA LEHET A RÉGIÓ ENERGIASZEKTORÁNAK HAJNALA","authors":"Tihamér Tibor Sebestyén","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.266751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.266751","url":null,"abstract":"Romania egyik tortenelmi regiojaban, Szekelyfoldon az erdővel boritottsag meghaladja a 40%-ot. Az erdőgazdalkodasbol es fafeldolgozasbol szarmazo fahulladek valamint a fafeldolgozas mellektermekeinek szamito fűreszkorpa es mas hulladekok nagy mennyisegű biomasszat, mint megujulo energiat jelentenek a regioban. A fahulladekok energetikai hasznositasa csak par eve kezdődott, igy hasznositasuk meg elmarad az adottsagokhoz kepest. A tanulmany a fenntarthato erdőgazdalkodas es fafeldolgozas mellett a fahulladekok energetikai celu felhasznalasi lehetősegeit kutatja, helyi szintű potencial felmeressel es eddigi megvalositasok kiertekelesevel. A tanulmany tomoren kiter a CO2 kibocsajtas enyhitesi lehetősegere, helyi, energia fuggetlenedesi lehetősegekre, helyi gazdasagelenkitő hatasaira, energiaellato erteklancok kialakitasara. A tanulmany főbb eredmenyei a kovetkezők: helyi szintű (NUTs V.) fahulladek energiapotencial felmeres es ezen eredmenyek terkepi megjelenitese. A potencialbecsles utan a helyi hő-es villamos energia igenyek osszevetesre kerulnek a helyi fahulladek energia potencialokkal, azt kutatva, hogy a helyi potencialok mekkora mertekben tudnak a helyi energiaigenyeket fedezni, hasznositasuk pedig milyen gazdasagi es tarsadalmi hatassal jarnak. ---------- In Seklerland – the historical region of Romania – the forest covering achieve more than 40% of total surface. The logging waste, the wood waste from the local sawmills and other wood waste of wood industry produce the biggest green energy potential in the field of renewable energy. In spite of this, the energy recovery’s process from the wood waste started just a few years ago, thus lagging behind compared to the possibilities. For the sustainable forest management, would be important to focus on the more intensive utilization of the wood waste, thereby the volume of logging could be reduced. This paper covers briefly the following topics: reducing the CO2 emission; the possibilities of the increasing energy independence; the economic, social and environmental benefits of the application projects; creating new jobs; etc. The main results of this study: estimating in Seklerland on a local-level the energy potential by the wood waste and mapping the results’ spatial distribution. After the potential results’ prediction, this essay includes a comparison of the local heat and electricity consumption/ demand versus possibilities of the energy supply with wood waste for producing energy","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126473653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kelet-Kozep-Europa terszerkezete szemmel is lathato es adatokban is tapasztalhato valtozasokon megy at az utobbi evtizedekben. A politikai rendszervaltas, a gazdasagi szerkezetvaltas, az EU-hoz valo csatlakozas es intezmenyi kozeledes kiegyenlitetlenul hat a globalizacio altal is erintett teruletre. Az Europai Unio teruleti fejlesztesi politikajanak meghatarozo eleme a varosi terek fejlesztese. A tanulmanyban ket EU-s tagallam, Romania es Nemetorszag varosfejlesztesi tapasztalatai olvashatok. Az integralt varosfejlesztes legfontosabb ismertetőjegyeinek bemutatasa utan arra terek ki, hogy milyen korlatai maradtak napjainkra is az alkalmazott szemleletnek. A tanulmany mindket orszag eseteben bemutatja, hogy melyek azok a konkret varosregiohoz kothető tapasztalatok, amelyek a leginkabb megfeleltethetők az elmeleti reszben ismertetett elmeleti es kozossegi dokumentacios hatternek. Az előzetes varakozasoknak megfelelően a nyugat-europai orszag eseteben sokkal erőteljesebb szerepet jatszanak a varosfejlődes előmozditasaban az uzleti es civil szfera szereplői. Romaniaban meghatarozoak a kozponti kormanyzat altal megfogalmazott perspektivikus tervdokumentumok. --------------------------------------------- The spatial structure of the macro region of Eastern-Central-Europe is producing great changes in the quantitative sphere, but these changes are also viable by our eyes. The change of the political system, the changes in the economic structure and output, the EU-accession, and the institution building issue causes an unbalanced process in these cases. There is a great deal of theoretical knowledge and empirical data in the field of the economic growth and its connections with the spatial structure. The development of urban spaces is a key element of the regional policy of the European Union. The paradigms of the integrated urban development have got also constraints in the study I mention some of them. In the study are two EU-member state’s urban development experiments to read. The work presents, for each country, what are the specific city region related experiences, which most correspond to the theoretical background and Community Documentation. Matching the preliminary expectations in the case of the western European country, the actors of the business and civic sphere play a much stronger role in the urban development. In the development practice of Romania, the plan documents are prominent, which are formulated by the members of the central government.
欧盟与欧盟之间的关系是一种相互依存的关系。欧盟在政治、经济、社会和文化等方面的政策和行动都与全球化密切相关。欧洲共同体的政治政策是多种多样的。在欧盟的支持下，罗马尼亚将继续发挥其作用。罗马尼亚的整体发展战略是，在国家发展战略的指导下，在国家发展战略的支持下，在国家发展战略的支持下，在国家发展战略的支持下，在国家发展战略的支持下，在国家发展战略的支持下，在国家发展战略的支持下，在国家发展战略的支持下，在国家发展战略的支持下，在国家发展战略的支持下，在国家发展战略的支持下，在国家发展战略的支持下，在国家发展战略的支持下，在国家发展战略的支持下，在国家发展战略的支持下，在国家发展战略的支持下。如果您想了解更多信息，请联系我们，我们将竭诚为您服务。罗马尼亚的法律规定，在国家和欧洲之间的法律关系中，国家和欧洲之间的法律关系是相互依存的，因此，国家和欧洲之间的法律关系也是相互依存的。Romaniaban meghatarozoak a kozponti kormanyzat altal megfogalmazott perspektivikus tervdokumentumok.--------------------------------------------- 中东欧宏观地区的空间结构在数量上正在发生巨大变化，但这些变化在我们眼中也是可行的。政治体制的变化、经济结构和产出的变化、加入欧盟以及机构建设问题导致了这些情况下的不平衡进程。在经济增长及其与空间结构的联系领域有大量的理论知识和经验数据。城市空间的发展是欧盟区域政策的关键要素。在本研究中，我将提及其中的一些范例。研究报告中介绍了两个欧盟成员国的城市发展实验。作品介绍了每个国家与城市地区相关的具体经验，这些经验与理论背景和共同体文件最为吻合。在西欧国家的案例中，商业和公民领域的参与者在城市发展中发挥了更大的作用，这与初步的预期相吻合。在罗马尼亚的发展实践中，由中央政府成员制定的规划文件非常突出。
{"title":"Integrált Városfejlesztés Az Európai Unió Keleti És Nyugati Tagállamaiban – Románia És Németország Esete","authors":"Tibor Pintér","doi":"10.22004/ag.econ.206667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.206667","url":null,"abstract":"Kelet-Kozep-Europa terszerkezete szemmel is lathato es adatokban is tapasztalhato valtozasokon megy at az utobbi evtizedekben. A politikai rendszervaltas, a gazdasagi szerkezetvaltas, az EU-hoz valo csatlakozas es intezmenyi kozeledes kiegyenlitetlenul hat a globalizacio altal is erintett teruletre. Az Europai Unio teruleti fejlesztesi politikajanak meghatarozo eleme a varosi terek fejlesztese. A tanulmanyban ket EU-s tagallam, Romania es Nemetorszag varosfejlesztesi tapasztalatai olvashatok. Az integralt varosfejlesztes legfontosabb ismertetőjegyeinek bemutatasa utan arra terek ki, hogy milyen korlatai maradtak napjainkra is az alkalmazott szemleletnek. A tanulmany mindket orszag eseteben bemutatja, hogy melyek azok a konkret varosregiohoz kothető tapasztalatok, amelyek a leginkabb megfeleltethetők az elmeleti reszben ismertetett elmeleti es kozossegi dokumentacios hatternek. Az előzetes varakozasoknak megfelelően a nyugat-europai orszag eseteben sokkal erőteljesebb szerepet jatszanak a varosfejlődes előmozditasaban az uzleti es civil szfera szereplői. Romaniaban meghatarozoak a kozponti kormanyzat altal megfogalmazott perspektivikus tervdokumentumok. --------------------------------------------- The spatial structure of the macro region of Eastern-Central-Europe is producing great changes in the quantitative sphere, but these changes are also viable by our eyes. The change of the political system, the changes in the economic structure and output, the EU-accession, and the institution building issue causes an unbalanced process in these cases. There is a great deal of theoretical knowledge and empirical data in the field of the economic growth and its connections with the spatial structure. The development of urban spaces is a key element of the regional policy of the European Union. The paradigms of the integrated urban development have got also constraints in the study I mention some of them. In the study are two EU-member state’s urban development experiments to read. The work presents, for each country, what are the specific city region related experiences, which most correspond to the theoretical background and Community Documentation. Matching the preliminary expectations in the case of the western European country, the actors of the business and civic sphere play a much stronger role in the urban development. In the development practice of Romania, the plan documents are prominent, which are formulated by the members of the central government.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134623618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most significant steps during the last one and a half centuries was the formation of mass production. Its success lay in the fact that industry recognized the importance of economies of scale, and have thus gained competitive advantage and cost effectiveness. The method has met expectations as far as the market listed ahead of the quantity of specific needs (exists) as opposed to other versions of the product (what). Let us remember Henry Ford’s famous sentence, “Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he wants, so long as it is black.” Today, volume is no longer everything in the world of consumer society and abundance of products; competitive advantage can be achieved only if we are able to respond to individual needs but it can be understood that manufacturers are unwilling to give up the benefits of economy. This combination seems impossible at first sight, but “customized mass production”, Lean management, and the use of IT tools predict that particular benefit. Customers expect low price, good quality, wide range and products or services adapted to their individual needs. In our study we present answers to these specific needs with solutions and approach offered by Lean production philosophy. Many consider Toyota Production System as the base for Lean (slimming) which has evolved from many decades of experience and intention of resolute improvement and that has been proven in practice. The name is somewhat misleading since we would think that it definitely has something to do with a sort of reduction, abandoning things; although leaning (slimming) mainly applies to the excesses and expenses (losses) while the transparency of technology is often improving. Yet the latter is not a necessity. It is neither simply clear whether this technology-based concept would also work in services. However, this area of the management sector has begun a rapid growth not long ago, and more and more people are using the so-called Lean office concept, proving the grounding of the idea. “The challenge in applying Lean to services is the lack of widely available references for implementing Lean in a service organization.” (Damrath, 2012) Other researchers (like Arfmann and Topolansky, 2014) claim that there are such big differences between production and services so it needs to be thought over and asked whether application attempts can be referred to as Lean or not. In recent times more and more authors and even experts doubt if Lean management can be applied in case of services, or if these attempts can be called Lean at all. This scientific uncertainty raises more questions in the area of the interpretation of practical applications as well as the re-interpretation of conceptual bases. Should the principles be modified or should the practical methodologies be broadened? Without joining this scientific debate, in this paper we will examine (show to managers) in the framework of a case study how a given service process may be improved with
在过去的一个半世纪里，最重要的步骤之一是大规模生产的形成。它的成功在于工业界认识到规模经济的重要性，从而获得了竞争优势和成本效益。该方法满足了市场的预期，提前列出了特定需求的数量(存在)，而不是其他版本的产品(什么)。让我们记住亨利·福特的那句名言:“任何顾客都可以把汽车漆成他想要的任何颜色，只要它是黑色的。”今天，在消费社会和产品丰富的世界里，数量不再是一切;竞争优势只有在我们能够满足个人需求的情况下才能实现，但可以理解的是，制造商不愿意放弃经济利益。乍一看，这种组合似乎是不可能的，但“定制的大规模生产”、精益管理和IT工具的使用预示着这种特殊的好处。顾客期望价格低、质量好、种类多、产品或服务适合他们的个人需要。在我们的研究中，我们用精益生产哲学提供的解决方案和方法来回答这些具体需求。许多人认为丰田生产系统是精益(瘦身)的基础，它是从几十年的经验和坚决改进的意图中演变而来的，并在实践中得到了证明。这个名字有点误导人，因为我们会认为它肯定与一种还原，放弃事物有关;虽然精益(瘦身)主要适用于超支和费用(亏损)，但技术的透明度往往在提高。然而，后者并不是必需的。目前还不清楚这种基于技术的概念是否也适用于服务。然而，这一领域的管理部门在不久前才开始快速增长，越来越多的人开始使用所谓的精益办公理念，证明了这一理念的根基。“将精益应用于服务的挑战是缺乏在服务组织中实施精益的广泛可用参考。(Damrath, 2012)其他研究人员(如Arfmann和Topolansky, 2014)声称，生产和服务之间存在如此大的差异，因此需要考虑并询问应用尝试是否可以被称为精益。近年来，越来越多的作者甚至专家怀疑精益管理是否可以应用于服务，或者这些尝试是否可以被称为精益。这种科学的不确定性在实际应用的解释以及概念基础的重新解释方面提出了更多的问题。应该修改原则还是应该扩大实际方法?在本文中，我们将在案例研究的框架内检查(向管理人员展示)如何在精益思维的帮助下改进给定的服务流程。我们相信，一场科学论战会阻碍实际应用参考资料的传播。在我们看来，对于应用来说，重点不是我们应该在每个部分坚持经典的方法论，而是理解概念本身更重要，所以有必要回到基础。我们还想在实践中证明，对于单个步骤，精益哲学可能比推荐的方法集更重要。在主要的理论研究中，通过案例分析，对精益理念在某物流服务供应商流程中的应用进行了比较分析。--------------------------------------------------------------- 阿兹utobbi masfel evszazad egyik legjelentősebb lepese一tomegtermeles kialakulasa伏特。Sikere abban rejlett, hogy az ipar felismerte a meretgazdasagossag jelentőseget, es ezaltal koltseghatekonysagra es versenyelőnyre tettszert。A modszer eleget tett A varakozasoknak mindaddig, amig A piac előrebb sorolta A mennyiseget (van) A sajatos igenyekkel, termek valtozatokkal szemben (milyen)。Emlekezzunk Henry Ford elhiresult mondatara:“Vevőink minden szinigenyet ki tudjuk elegiteni，我觉得这是一个szin a fekete。”Ma a volumen mar nem minden a mai termekbőseg es fogyasztoi tarsadalom vilagaban，一个versenyelőnyt ugy leheet elerni, ha az egyeni igenyekre is reagalni tudunk, viszont erthetza, hogy a gyartok a gazdasagossag előnyeiről sem akarnak lemondani。Ez a kombinacio elsska hallasra lehetetlennek tűnik, ugyanakkor a“testreszabott to metermeles”，Lean menedzment as IT eszkozok alkmazasa pont ezt az előnyt igerik。A vevők alacsony arat, jo minőseget, nagy valasztekot, es az egyeni igenyeikhez igazodo termekeket, vagy szolgaltatasokat varnak el。jeelantanulmanyunkban和kulonleges的遗传学家们采用了valaszok kozul和Lean termelesi filozofia nyujtotta megoldasokkal和szleleetmodalokzunk。 在过去的一个半世纪里，最重要的步骤之一是大规模生产的形成。它的成功在于工业界认识到规模经济的重要性，从而获得了竞争优势和成本效益。该方法满足了市场的预期，提前列出了特定需求的数量(存在)，而不是其他版本的产品(什么)。让我们记住亨利·福特的那句名言:“任何顾客都可以把汽车漆成他想要的任何颜色，只要它是黑色的。”今天，在消费社会和产品丰富的世界里，数量不再是一切;竞争优势只有在我们能够满足个人需求的情况下才能实现，但可以理解的是，制造商不愿意放弃经济利益。乍一看，这种组合似乎是不可能的，但“定制的大规模生产”、精益管理和IT工具的使用预示着这种特殊的好处。顾客期望价格低、质量好、种类多、产品或服务适合他们的个人需要。在我们的研究中，我们用精益生产哲学提供的解决方案和方法来回答这些具体需求。许多人认为丰田生产系统是精益(瘦身)的基础，它是从几十年的经验和坚决改进的意图中演变而来的，并在实践中得到了证明。这个名字有点误导人，因为我们会认为它肯定与一种还原，放弃事物有关;虽然精益(瘦身)主要适用于超支和费用(亏损)，但技术的透明度往往在提高。然而，后者并不是必需的。目前还不清楚这种基于技术的概念是否也适用于服务。然而，这一领域的管理部门在不久前才开始快速增长，越来越多的人开始使用所谓的精益办公理念，证明了这一理念的根基。“将精益应用于服务的挑战是缺乏在服务组织中实施精益的广泛可用参考。(Damrath, 2012)其他研究人员(如Arfmann和Topolansky, 2014)声称，生产和服务之间存在如此大的差异，因此需要考虑并询问应用尝试是否可以被称为精益。近年来，越来越多的作者甚至专家怀疑精益管理是否可以应用于服务，或者这些尝试是否可以被称为精益。这种科学的不确定性在实际应用的解释以及概念基础的重新解释方面提出了更多的问题。应该修改
{"title":"LEAN MANAGEMENT IN CASE OF A LOGISTICS SERVICE PROVIDER COMPANY","authors":"Balázs Gyenge, Heléna Szilágyi, Tímea Kozma","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.199428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.199428","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most significant steps during the last one and a half centuries was the formation of mass production. Its success lay in the fact that industry recognized the importance of economies of scale, and have thus gained competitive advantage and cost effectiveness. The method has met expectations as far as the market listed ahead of the quantity of specific needs (exists) as opposed to other versions of the product (what). Let us remember Henry Ford’s famous sentence, “Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he wants, so long as it is black.” Today, volume is no longer everything in the world of consumer society and abundance of products; competitive advantage can be achieved only if we are able to respond to individual needs but it can be understood that manufacturers are unwilling to give up the benefits of economy. This combination seems impossible at first sight, but “customized mass production”, Lean management, and the use of IT tools predict that particular benefit. Customers expect low price, good quality, wide range and products or services adapted to their individual needs. In our study we present answers to these specific needs with solutions and approach offered by Lean production philosophy. Many consider Toyota Production System as the base for Lean (slimming) which has evolved from many decades of experience and intention of resolute improvement and that has been proven in practice. The name is somewhat misleading since we would think that it definitely has something to do with a sort of reduction, abandoning things; although leaning (slimming) mainly applies to the excesses and expenses (losses) while the transparency of technology is often improving. Yet the latter is not a necessity. It is neither simply clear whether this technology-based concept would also work in services. However, this area of the management sector has begun a rapid growth not long ago, and more and more people are using the so-called Lean office concept, proving the grounding of the idea. “The challenge in applying Lean to services is the lack of widely available references for implementing Lean in a service organization.” (Damrath, 2012) Other researchers (like Arfmann and Topolansky, 2014) claim that there are such big differences between production and services so it needs to be thought over and asked whether application attempts can be referred to as Lean or not. In recent times more and more authors and even experts doubt if Lean management can be applied in case of services, or if these attempts can be called Lean at all. This scientific uncertainty raises more questions in the area of the interpretation of practical applications as well as the re-interpretation of conceptual bases. Should the principles be modified or should the practical methodologies be broadened? Without joining this scientific debate, in this paper we will examine (show to managers) in the framework of a case study how a given service process may be improved with","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121173477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linda Szőke, Márton Battay, Boglárka Mária Herczeg, Csaba Fogarassy
A novenyi es allati eredetű bioszenek alkalmazasa a korszerű mezőgazdasag altal ujra felfedezett technologia, amely bizonyos mertekig alkalmas lehet a műtragyak kivaltasara, es a műtragyahasznalatbol eredő kornyezetterheles csokkentesere. A kedvező tulajdonsagai ellenere a hatalyos kozossegi szabalyozas nem segiti elő a bioszen alkalmazasanak szeleskorű elterjedeset. Mig a műtragyak vonatkozasaban van egyseges kozossegi szabalyozas, addig a bioszenek eseteben tagallami hataskorbe tartozik a szabalyozas megalkotasa. Az elterő tagallami szabalyok nem kedveznek a bioszen nemzetkozi kereskedelmenek. A novenyi eredetű bioszenek talajjavito, illetve az allati eredetű bioszenek talajjavito es termesnovelő hatasa kozismert. Azonban a bioszen hasznalatanak az előbbieken tul van meg egy igen kedvező kornyezeti hatasa, megpedig az a szendioxid-csokkentő kepesseg, aminek a klimavedelem szempontjabol van jelentősege. Jelen tanulmany a klimavedelmi hatasok szempontjabol vizsgalja a bioszenek előallitasanak es alkalmazasanak klimagazdasagtani kerdeseit. Kiemelten vizsgaljuk, hogy mikepp azonosithatoak a bioszenek teljes eletciklusanak kornyezeti hatasai es mikepp hatarozhato meg ezen klimabarat technologia hatasfoka, a szen-dioxid megtakaritasok kontextusaban. ----------------------- Use of plant based biochar and animal bone biochar nowadays has re-discovered by the modern agriculture. This technology may be suitable to replace chemical fertilizers and reduce the environmental impact caused by chemical fertilizer use. Despite of the favorable properties the EU legislation is not conducive to the widespread use of biochar. While in the case of fertilizers is comprehensive EU legislation in the case of biochar will have national competence in the regulation. The different national rules don’t support the international trade of biochar. The biochar soil and yield-increasing effect is well known. The carbon dioxide-reduction capacity has an additional positive climate change impact of use of biochar, which in terms of climate protection is significant. This study examines the climate change economics issues of biochar from the climate protection point of view.
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33038/JCEGI.2018.6.3.63
G. Kozma, Klára Czimre, Károly Teperics, G. Szabó, István Fazekas
Az elmult 15-20 evben az energiagazdalkodas teruleten az egyik legfontosabb folya- mat a megujulo energiaforrasok jelentősegenek a novekedese, amely kornyezetvedelmi, ellatasbiztonsagi, valamint gazdasag- es videkfejlesztesi okok mellett az egyre nagyobb mertekben rendelkezesre allo anyagi osztonzőknek (pl. Europai Uniotol kapott tamogatasok, kedvező nemzeti atveteli rendszer) is koszonhető. A fentiek szellemeben a tanulmany annak vizsgalata, milyen altalanos es teruleti jellemzői vannak a 2007-2013 kozotti koltsegvetesi időszakban Magyarorszagnak juttatott, a megujulo energiaforrasok elterjedeset megcelzo Europai Unios penzugyi eszkozoknek. A kutatas eredmenyekent egyreszt az allapithato meg, hogy a fejletlenebb tersegek nagyobb palyazati aktivitast mutattak fel, a palyazati sikeresseg tekinteteben ugyanakkor a fejlettebb tersegek rendelkeztek magasabb ertekekkel. Masreszt a nyertes palyazatok eseteben a palyazok „szemelye” jelentős mertekben befolyasolja a palyazatok atlagos nagysagat. Harmadreszt a nyertes palyazatok eseteben az adott teruleti egyseg (jarasok) fejlettsege es (telepulesek) nagysaga hatassal van a palyazok szemelyere es a palyazatok atlagos nagysagara. * Over the last 15-20 years, one of the most important processes in the field of energy management is the growing importance of renewable energy sources. In addition to reasons of environmental protection, security of supply, and economic and rural development, this is also due to the increasing availability of financial incentives (supports granted by the European Union, favourable national off-take system). In the spirit of the above, the study offers an analysis of the general and territorial characteristics of the EU financial instruments targeted at the encouragement of the use of renewable energy sources transferred to Hungary in the 2007-2013 budget period. As a result of the research, it may be concluded, first, that less developed regions showed higher tendering activity, but the more developed regions had higher success rates for proposals. Secondly, in the case of the winning proposals, the “identity” of the applicants significantly affects the average volume of proposals. Thirdly, in the case of the winning proposals, the development level and size (of settlements) of the territorial units (districts) have an impact on the identity of the applicants and the average volume of proposals.
{"title":"A megújuló energiaforrások elterjedését szolgáló európai uniós támogatások jellegzetességei a 2007-2013 közötti költségvetési időszakban Magyarországon","authors":"G. Kozma, Klára Czimre, Károly Teperics, G. Szabó, István Fazekas","doi":"10.33038/JCEGI.2018.6.3.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33038/JCEGI.2018.6.3.63","url":null,"abstract":"Az elmult 15-20 evben az energiagazdalkodas teruleten az egyik legfontosabb folya- mat a megujulo energiaforrasok jelentősegenek a novekedese, amely kornyezetvedelmi, ellatasbiztonsagi, valamint gazdasag- es videkfejlesztesi okok mellett az egyre nagyobb mertekben rendelkezesre allo anyagi osztonzőknek (pl. Europai Uniotol kapott tamogatasok, kedvező nemzeti atveteli rendszer) is koszonhető. A fentiek szellemeben a tanulmany annak vizsgalata, milyen altalanos es teruleti jellemzői vannak a 2007-2013 kozotti koltsegvetesi időszakban Magyarorszagnak juttatott, a megujulo energiaforrasok elterjedeset megcelzo Europai Unios penzugyi eszkozoknek. A kutatas eredmenyekent egyreszt az allapithato meg, hogy a fejletlenebb tersegek nagyobb palyazati aktivitast mutattak fel, a palyazati sikeresseg tekinteteben ugyanakkor a fejlettebb tersegek rendelkeztek magasabb ertekekkel. Masreszt a nyertes palyazatok eseteben a palyazok „szemelye” jelentős mertekben befolyasolja a palyazatok atlagos nagysagat. Harmadreszt a nyertes palyazatok eseteben az adott teruleti egyseg (jarasok) fejlettsege es (telepulesek) nagysaga hatassal van a palyazok szemelyere es a palyazatok atlagos nagysagara. * \u0000Over the last 15-20 years, one of the most important processes in the field of energy management is the growing importance of renewable energy sources. In addition to reasons of environmental protection, security of supply, and economic and rural development, this is also due to the increasing availability of financial incentives (supports granted by the European Union, favourable national off-take system). In the spirit of the above, the study offers an analysis of the general and territorial characteristics of the EU financial instruments targeted at the encouragement of the use of renewable energy sources transferred to Hungary in the 2007-2013 budget period. As a result of the research, it may be concluded, first, that less developed regions showed higher tendering activity, but the more developed regions had higher success rates for proposals. Secondly, in the case of the winning proposals, the “identity” of the applicants significantly affects the average volume of proposals. Thirdly, in the case of the winning proposals, the development level and size (of settlements) of the territorial units (districts) have an impact on the identity of the applicants and the average volume of proposals.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122182298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mara szeles korűen elfogadott teny, hogy az emberi tevekenysegek – mint a szen, az olaj vagy a gaz elegetese – soran keletkező uveghazhatasu gazok kibocsatasa altalanos felmelegedest okoz a Fold legkoreben. Az elmult evtizedekben egyre vilagosabban korvonalazodott, hogy az emberiseg kornyezetszennyező es energia-pazarlo eletvitele hosszu tavon a termeszeti erőforrasok kimerulesehez, okologiai katasztrofahoz vezethet. A gazdasagi novekedes utemenek fenntartasa, a kornyezet allapotanak megőrzese es a foglalkoztatas novelese miatt elengedhetetlen a megujulo energiaforrasokra valo atteres. A hazai mezőgazdasagnak komoly kihivast jelent a tragyak kotelező hathonapos pihentetese es az ehhez kapcsolatos tragyatarolok megepitese. Erre jo megoldast nyujthatnak a mezőgazdasagi hulladekokat hasznosito regionalis jellegű biogazuzemek. A biogaz-hasznositas előnye, hogy egyebkent koltsegesen kezelendő hulladekok artalmatlanitasat lehet elvegezni, mikozben energia es mezőgazdasagi tapanyag kepződik. Kornyezetunk es termeszeti erőforrasaink vedelmenek legfőbb zaloga a megujulo energiaforrasok reszaranyanak novelese, melyek eseteben peldaul joval kevesebb az uveghazhatasu gazkibocsatas, mint a fosszilis energiaforrasok eseteben. --------------------------------------------------------------- Today it is widely accepted that the greenhouse gas emissions because of human activities such as the combustion of coal, oil or gas cause a general warning in the atmosphere of the Earth. In the last years it became obvious that the environment polluting and energy wasteful lifestyle of mankind could lead to the running out of natural resources and ecological catastrophe in long term. Transformation to renewable energy sources is unavoidable due to maintaining the speed of economic development, preserving the environment situation and increasing the employment conditions. It is serious challenge to domestic agriculture that obligatory resting of manure for six months is made and also building of associated manure storage. Good solution would be provided to it with utilization of regional biogas plants using agricultural wastes. Advantage of biogas utilization is that removal of those wastes can be made, which can be treated at high costs otherwise, while energy and agricultural nutrient and produced. The protection of our environment and natural resources should be based on the increase of the contribution of renewable sources to gross energy consumption that is associated with much lower greenhouse gas emissions than energy produced from fossil fuels.
{"title":"BIOGÁZ TERMELÉS, MINT A KÖRNYEZETTUDATOS ENERGIATERMELÉS LEHETŐSÉGE","authors":"Zsolt Dupcsák, S. Marselek","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.170723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.170723","url":null,"abstract":"Mara szeles korűen elfogadott teny, hogy az emberi tevekenysegek – mint a szen, az olaj vagy a gaz elegetese – soran keletkező uveghazhatasu gazok kibocsatasa altalanos felmelegedest okoz a Fold legkoreben. Az elmult evtizedekben egyre vilagosabban korvonalazodott, hogy az emberiseg kornyezetszennyező es energia-pazarlo eletvitele hosszu tavon a termeszeti erőforrasok kimerulesehez, okologiai katasztrofahoz vezethet. A gazdasagi novekedes utemenek fenntartasa, a kornyezet allapotanak megőrzese es a foglalkoztatas novelese miatt elengedhetetlen a megujulo energiaforrasokra valo atteres. A hazai mezőgazdasagnak komoly kihivast jelent a tragyak kotelező hathonapos pihentetese es az ehhez kapcsolatos tragyatarolok megepitese. Erre jo megoldast nyujthatnak a mezőgazdasagi hulladekokat hasznosito regionalis jellegű biogazuzemek. A biogaz-hasznositas előnye, hogy egyebkent koltsegesen kezelendő hulladekok artalmatlanitasat lehet elvegezni, mikozben energia es mezőgazdasagi tapanyag kepződik. Kornyezetunk es termeszeti erőforrasaink vedelmenek legfőbb zaloga a megujulo energiaforrasok reszaranyanak novelese, melyek eseteben peldaul joval kevesebb az uveghazhatasu gazkibocsatas, mint a fosszilis energiaforrasok eseteben. --------------------------------------------------------------- Today it is widely accepted that the greenhouse gas emissions because of human activities such as the combustion of coal, oil or gas cause a general warning in the atmosphere of the Earth. In the last years it became obvious that the environment polluting and energy wasteful lifestyle of mankind could lead to the running out of natural resources and ecological catastrophe in long term. Transformation to renewable energy sources is unavoidable due to maintaining the speed of economic development, preserving the environment situation and increasing the employment conditions. It is serious challenge to domestic agriculture that obligatory resting of manure for six months is made and also building of associated manure storage. Good solution would be provided to it with utilization of regional biogas plants using agricultural wastes. Advantage of biogas utilization is that removal of those wastes can be made, which can be treated at high costs otherwise, while energy and agricultural nutrient and produced. The protection of our environment and natural resources should be based on the increase of the contribution of renewable sources to gross energy consumption that is associated with much lower greenhouse gas emissions than energy produced from fossil fuels.","PeriodicalId":441221,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Central European Green Innovation","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131679397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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