Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-43-51
Khaetkul Rakhimov, B. Eshov, A. Kadirov, Abdulkhair Badalov
Introduction. The solution of important strategic objectives of the Republic of Tajikistan depends on such industries as chemical, mining, processing, and metallurgical. Their smooth functioning is provided by a developed energy and transport industry. Comprehensive mineral processing of abundant minerals located on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan contributes to socioeconomic problems solution and to the development of new production facilities and employment, the transition from the role of a primary producer and middle-stage manufacturer to an end product producer. Methods of research. The expediency of separating antimony and precious metals before cyaniding is obvious. It can be achieved by pyrometallurgy or beneficiation methods. Distillate roasting allows to amply remove antimony from complex ores relatively poor in this metal. However, when processing raw materials rich in antimony, the risk of accretion development in furnaces creates difficulties. At a high temperature (1000–1100 °C), a large amount of gold can combine with oxides and become an oxide. Antimony can be removed by roasting with chlorination. Additional chlorinating reagent makes it possible to increase gold recovery during the subsequent cyanidation of the calcine from 75 to 95–98% compared to conventional oxidative roasting. Results and analysis. This article is the result of a series of experiments and renovations for the technologies of processing gold-bearing antimony sulfide concentrate into the final product. An effective method has been developed for chloridizing roasting of mechanoactivated precious metal containing antimony-gold concentrate with sodium chloride. The optimal roasting mode has been determined, which provides a high yield of antimony and gold compounds, which are technologically easy to process.
{"title":"Processing gold-bearing antimony sulfide mechanoactivated concentrate","authors":"Khaetkul Rakhimov, B. Eshov, A. Kadirov, Abdulkhair Badalov","doi":"10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-43-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-43-51","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The solution of important strategic objectives of the Republic of Tajikistan depends on such industries as chemical, mining, processing, and metallurgical. Their smooth functioning is provided by a developed energy and transport industry. Comprehensive mineral processing of abundant minerals located on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan contributes to socioeconomic problems solution and to the development of new production facilities and employment, the transition from the role of a primary producer and middle-stage manufacturer to an end product producer. Methods of research. The expediency of separating antimony and precious metals before cyaniding is obvious. It can be achieved by pyrometallurgy or beneficiation methods. Distillate roasting allows to amply remove antimony from complex ores relatively poor in this metal. However, when processing raw materials rich in antimony, the risk of accretion development in furnaces creates difficulties. At a high temperature (1000–1100 °C), a large amount of gold can combine with oxides and become an oxide. Antimony can be removed by roasting with chlorination. Additional chlorinating reagent makes it possible to increase gold recovery during the subsequent cyanidation of the calcine from 75 to 95–98% compared to conventional oxidative roasting. Results and analysis. This article is the result of a series of experiments and renovations for the technologies of processing gold-bearing antimony sulfide concentrate into the final product. An effective method has been developed for chloridizing roasting of mechanoactivated precious metal containing antimony-gold concentrate with sodium chloride. The optimal roasting mode has been determined, which provides a high yield of antimony and gold compounds, which are technologically easy to process.","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75219804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-21-31
E. Kovalenko
The research objective is to determine the optimal temperature regimes for slurry preparation and foam separation of diamond-bearing kimberlites to ensure maximum diamond recovery under high selectivity of the process. Methods of research include the electron probe X-ray spectral analysis, IR spectrophotometry, and measurement of the contact angles of a collecting agent drop on diamonds or minerals. Technological studies were carried out on the setup for foam separation. Research results. It was shown that when the feedstock of the foam separation cycle is heated to a temperature of 80–85 °C the diamonds are effectively purified from hydrophilic coatings, which leads to the restoration of their natural floatability. Through contact angles measurement, the temperature range of 30–40 °C was determined in the feedstock reagent conditioning operation. It is shown that the maximum water repellence of diamonds is achieved in this temperature range without a significant increase in the kimberlite minerals water repellence. Laboratory experiments have shown that the best foam separation results are achieved when in the conditioning operation the feedstock with flotation reagents is maintained at a temperature of 30–38 °C. The flotation studies using F-5 bunker fuel oil as base collecting agent, as well as its compounds with diesel fraction and Machchobinsky oil, determined the optimal temperature of 14–24 °C directly in the process of foam separation. After data analysis, a temperature regime was proposed and tested, which includes the foam separation feedstock heating before the operation of slurry removal and conditioning with flotation reagents up to 85 °C and the subsequent use of accumulated heat in the operations of foam separation feedstock conditioning (30 °C) with reagents and the foam separation process itself (18 °C). The prospects of the technology. The test results of the selected temperature regime for the foam separation process on a test bench show the possibility of increasing the diamonds recovery into the concentrate by 2.3–4.5% when using applied and potential collecting agents, including F-5 bunker fuel oil and compounds based on it. The developed regime is recommended for commercial development in the foam separation cycle at Alrosa processing plants.
{"title":"Rationale for the temperature regime of the foam separation cycle","authors":"E. Kovalenko","doi":"10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-21-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-21-31","url":null,"abstract":"The research objective is to determine the optimal temperature regimes for slurry preparation and foam separation of diamond-bearing kimberlites to ensure maximum diamond recovery under high selectivity of the process. Methods of research include the electron probe X-ray spectral analysis, IR spectrophotometry, and measurement of the contact angles of a collecting agent drop on diamonds or minerals. Technological studies were carried out on the setup for foam separation. Research results. It was shown that when the feedstock of the foam separation cycle is heated to a temperature of 80–85 °C the diamonds are effectively purified from hydrophilic coatings, which leads to the restoration of their natural floatability. Through contact angles measurement, the temperature range of 30–40 °C was determined in the feedstock reagent conditioning operation. It is shown that the maximum water repellence of diamonds is achieved in this temperature range without a significant increase in the kimberlite minerals water repellence. Laboratory experiments have shown that the best foam separation results are achieved when in the conditioning operation the feedstock with flotation reagents is maintained at a temperature of 30–38 °C. The flotation studies using F-5 bunker fuel oil as base collecting agent, as well as its compounds with diesel fraction and Machchobinsky oil, determined the optimal temperature of 14–24 °C directly in the process of foam separation. After data analysis, a temperature regime was proposed and tested, which includes the foam separation feedstock heating before the operation of slurry removal and conditioning with flotation reagents up to 85 °C and the subsequent use of accumulated heat in the operations of foam separation feedstock conditioning (30 °C) with reagents and the foam separation process itself (18 °C). The prospects of the technology. The test results of the selected temperature regime for the foam separation process on a test bench show the possibility of increasing the diamonds recovery into the concentrate by 2.3–4.5% when using applied and potential collecting agents, including F-5 bunker fuel oil and compounds based on it. The developed regime is recommended for commercial development in the foam separation cycle at Alrosa processing plants.","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"15 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84021670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-9-20
I. Morozov, A. Valtseva
Introduction. Electrochemical treatment of mineral suspensions is used in electrochemical conditioning of flotation pulp and electrochemical dissolution of minerals and metals in the processes of gold-bearing products electrochemical chlorination. Research objective is to develop and implement the procedures for determining the values of the liquid phase resistance, contact resistance under contact polarization, and ion discharge energy loss resistance under contactless polarization of the electrically conductive part. Methods of research. Equivalent circuits of electrochemical processes have been built for various electrochemical cells. Circuits for various polarizations of electrically conductive particles are established. A formula is proposed for calculating the electrically conductive particle resistance through the electrical resistivity of a unit of volume. A procedure has been developed for calculating the liquid phase resistance through the resistance increment under changing distance between the electrodes. The contact area and pressure influence on the value of the contact resistance is studied through the contact of pyrite and chalcopyrite with an iron electrode. Results. When studying the electrical resistivity of the liquid phase, it was found that increased distance between the current-carrying electrodes leads to an equivalent increase in the liquid phase resistance. It has been established that increased pressure and contact area between the contacting particles and the current-carrying electrode results in decreased contact resistance. The contact resistance between the particle and the electrode in the electrolyte solution is much less than the contact resistance under dry surfaces contact. This phenomenon is explained by electrons tunneling through the electrolyte film. The obtained experimental data on the determination of the liquid phase resistance, contact resistance and ion discharge energy loss resistance make it possible to mathematically describe the processes of electrochemical chlorination under a large number of particles in the pulp. Conclusions and scope of results. Procedures have been developed and specific data have been obtained on the liquid phase resistance, contact resistance, and ion discharge resistance. They can be used for practical application when implementing electrochemical technologies for mineral suspensions treatment.
{"title":"Studying electrical parameters of contact and contactless polarization of particles under the electrochemical treatment of mineral suspensions","authors":"I. Morozov, A. Valtseva","doi":"10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-9-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-9-20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Electrochemical treatment of mineral suspensions is used in electrochemical conditioning of flotation pulp and electrochemical dissolution of minerals and metals in the processes of gold-bearing products electrochemical chlorination. Research objective is to develop and implement the procedures for determining the values of the liquid phase resistance, contact resistance under contact polarization, and ion discharge energy loss resistance under contactless polarization of the electrically conductive part. Methods of research. Equivalent circuits of electrochemical processes have been built for various electrochemical cells. Circuits for various polarizations of electrically conductive particles are established. A formula is proposed for calculating the electrically conductive particle resistance through the electrical resistivity of a unit of volume. A procedure has been developed for calculating the liquid phase resistance through the resistance increment under changing distance between the electrodes. The contact area and pressure influence on the value of the contact resistance is studied through the contact of pyrite and chalcopyrite with an iron electrode. Results. When studying the electrical resistivity of the liquid phase, it was found that increased distance between the current-carrying electrodes leads to an equivalent increase in the liquid phase resistance. It has been established that increased pressure and contact area between the contacting particles and the current-carrying electrode results in decreased contact resistance. The contact resistance between the particle and the electrode in the electrolyte solution is much less than the contact resistance under dry surfaces contact. This phenomenon is explained by electrons tunneling through the electrolyte film. The obtained experimental data on the determination of the liquid phase resistance, contact resistance and ion discharge energy loss resistance make it possible to mathematically describe the processes of electrochemical chlorination under a large number of particles in the pulp. Conclusions and scope of results. Procedures have been developed and specific data have been obtained on the liquid phase resistance, contact resistance, and ion discharge resistance. They can be used for practical application when implementing electrochemical technologies for mineral suspensions treatment.","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78781086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-87-95
V. Davydov, V. Gorshkov, A. Vdovin
Research objective is to study the features of geophysical fields and parameters in the area of the artificial underground water tunnel and estimate the capabilities of geophysical methods of identifying hidden underground industrial facilities. Methods of research. Measurements of self-potential signals (SP) were carried out using nonpolarizing electrodes and an electrical exploration receiver. The magnetic exploration was carried out by a proton magnetometer. Electrotomography was carried out using multielectrode electrical survey equipment with a Schlumberger symmetrical scheme of surveys. The microseismic background was recorded using an autonomous seismic station. The georadar survey was carried out using the SIR-3000 ground penetrating radar and antennas with the frequencies of 100 MHz and 270 MHz. Results. Based on the survey results, graphs of magnetic and self-potential fields, electrotomographic and microseismic sections, and radarogram were built on the research profile. The research has shown different levels of the magnetic field and the SP in the area of volcanic rocks and dikes of gabbro-dolerites occurrence. A significant increase in microseismic noise was observed with an increase in the weathering crust thickness. A local decrease in the SP potential, abnormally high values of specific electrical resistivity and intensive reflections of radio waves from the tunnel top were recorded above the underground water tunnel. Conclusions. Qualitative and quantitative geophysical characteristics were obtained in the area of the old underground water tunnel. The research showed different levels of the magnetic field and spontaneous polarization potentials in the occurrence area of rocks of different composition. A significant increase in microseismic noise was recorded with an increase in the weathering crust thickness. Geophysical signs of the boundaries between geological structures and artificial underground objects are revealed. The exact position and depth of the old underground tunnel of Glubochinsky hydraulic structures was determined.
{"title":"Geophysical research of underground hydraulic structures, old Glubochinsky water tunnel case study","authors":"V. Davydov, V. Gorshkov, A. Vdovin","doi":"10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-87-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-87-95","url":null,"abstract":"Research objective is to study the features of geophysical fields and parameters in the area of the artificial underground water tunnel and estimate the capabilities of geophysical methods of identifying hidden underground industrial facilities. Methods of research. Measurements of self-potential signals (SP) were carried out using nonpolarizing electrodes and an electrical exploration receiver. The magnetic exploration was carried out by a proton magnetometer. Electrotomography was carried out using multielectrode electrical survey equipment with a Schlumberger symmetrical scheme of surveys. The microseismic background was recorded using an autonomous seismic station. The georadar survey was carried out using the SIR-3000 ground penetrating radar and antennas with the frequencies of 100 MHz and 270 MHz. Results. Based on the survey results, graphs of magnetic and self-potential fields, electrotomographic and microseismic sections, and radarogram were built on the research profile. The research has shown different levels of the magnetic field and the SP in the area of volcanic rocks and dikes of gabbro-dolerites occurrence. A significant increase in microseismic noise was observed with an increase in the weathering crust thickness. A local decrease in the SP potential, abnormally high values of specific electrical resistivity and intensive reflections of radio waves from the tunnel top were recorded above the underground water tunnel. Conclusions. Qualitative and quantitative geophysical characteristics were obtained in the area of the old underground water tunnel. The research showed different levels of the magnetic field and spontaneous polarization potentials in the occurrence area of rocks of different composition. A significant increase in microseismic noise was recorded with an increase in the weathering crust thickness. Geophysical signs of the boundaries between geological structures and artificial underground objects are revealed. The exact position and depth of the old underground tunnel of Glubochinsky hydraulic structures was determined.","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80435725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-74-86
L. Rybnikova, P. Rybnikov, Roman Shapochkin
Introduction. Mine drainage has always been one of the main threats to the hydrosphere of mining areas, both during and after active mining. The most common method of mine water neutralization is associated with the slaked lime. On the abandoned Levikha copper-sulphide mine territory (Sverdlovsk region), acid mine drainage discharge reaches 3,000 m³/day. To neutralize acid waters, more than 400 m³/day of water with a neutral pH is required (to produce the slaked lime). Due to the worn out state of water pipe from the river Tagil, heavy losses, and frequent accidents, the neutralization station receives no more than half of the required amount of water. As a result, the neutralization technology is violated, acid mine drainage is not properly cleaned, the regulatory requirements for wastewater are not achieved, and sulfate waters with increased mineralization and metal concentrations are discharged into the river Tagil. Research objective is to substantiate the possibility of finding sources of drinking, household and process water supply for Levikha village and acid mine drainage neutralization stations by applying groundwater. Methods of research include a comprehensive approach containing research results analysis and field and laboratory research data processing. Results and discussion. Promising areas have been identified representing private catchment areas of potential water intakes with the most favorable conditions for underground runoff. A combination of the following factors was the criterion for promising areas and load points: favorable geological and tectonic conditions (the presence of tectonic faults); groundwater inflow testing results (relatively high specific flow rates of wells); geomorphological position (confinement to low relief areas, location near surface sources of groundwater recharge); hydrochemical sampling data (satisfactory chemical composition of groundwater); sanitary and hygienic situation (absence of potential sources of pollution in the local catchment area). Conclusions. The total resources of the five promising sites are 1,340 m3 /day, including 282 m3 /day for drinking purposes. Exploration and development of promising areas no. II (favorable geological and tectonic conditions within it are confirmed by the groundwater inflow testing results) and no. III (favorable sanitary and hygienic conditions) seem to be the most reasonable. These sites might cover half of the village water needs for drinking and household purposes.
{"title":"Rationale for alternative water sources for mining regions with high environmental footprint on the example of Levikha village of the Sverdlovsk region","authors":"L. Rybnikova, P. Rybnikov, Roman Shapochkin","doi":"10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-74-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-74-86","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Mine drainage has always been one of the main threats to the hydrosphere of mining areas, both during and after active mining. The most common method of mine water neutralization is associated with the slaked lime. On the abandoned Levikha copper-sulphide mine territory (Sverdlovsk region), acid mine drainage discharge reaches 3,000 m³/day. To neutralize acid waters, more than 400 m³/day of water with a neutral pH is required (to produce the slaked lime). Due to the worn out state of water pipe from the river Tagil, heavy losses, and frequent accidents, the neutralization station receives no more than half of the required amount of water. As a result, the neutralization technology is violated, acid mine drainage is not properly cleaned, the regulatory requirements for wastewater are not achieved, and sulfate waters with increased mineralization and metal concentrations are discharged into the river Tagil. Research objective is to substantiate the possibility of finding sources of drinking, household and process water supply for Levikha village and acid mine drainage neutralization stations by applying groundwater. Methods of research include a comprehensive approach containing research results analysis and field and laboratory research data processing. Results and discussion. Promising areas have been identified representing private catchment areas of potential water intakes with the most favorable conditions for underground runoff. A combination of the following factors was the criterion for promising areas and load points: favorable geological and tectonic conditions (the presence of tectonic faults); groundwater inflow testing results (relatively high specific flow rates of wells); geomorphological position (confinement to low relief areas, location near surface sources of groundwater recharge); hydrochemical sampling data (satisfactory chemical composition of groundwater); sanitary and hygienic situation (absence of potential sources of pollution in the local catchment area). Conclusions. The total resources of the five promising sites are 1,340 m3 /day, including 282 m3 /day for drinking purposes. Exploration and development of promising areas no. II (favorable geological and tectonic conditions within it are confirmed by the groundwater inflow testing results) and no. III (favorable sanitary and hygienic conditions) seem to be the most reasonable. These sites might cover half of the village water needs for drinking and household purposes.","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76968889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-32-42
A. Sobenin, N. Antoninova, A. Usmanov, Kseniia Shepel
Research objective is to assess the possibility of removing copper ions from industrial wastewater using waste from iron and magnesium production. Methods of research. An experiment was conducted to remove copper ions from a solution of industrial wastewater using waste from iron and magnesium production. Data were obtained showing changes in the ion content of the studied metals in wastewater solutions. Theoretical research was carried out to analyze the effectiveness of existing wastewater treatment methods in order to study and generalize the results. The initial concentration of metal ions in solutions was measured with a Varian AA 240 FS atomic absorption spectrophotometer with a deuterium lamp for background correction and flame spraying. Temperature and pH were measured with a Hanna HI 99121 portable pH meter. Mineralization of solid samples was carried out with a MARS 5 Digestion Microwave System in Easy Prep vessels with the addition of nitric and hydrofluoric acids. Results. The results of the research on the removal of copper ions from industrial waste water using iron-magnesium production waste show that the samples under investigation were effective in absorbing copper from aqueous solutions. It was found that the amount of copper in the filtrates varies depending on the tested sorbent sample weight. There is an increase in the indicator of the degree of pollutant extraction from solutions from 52.02 to 99.04% for group 1 and from 43.2 to 98.91 % for group to respectively with an increase in the sample dosing rate from 0.2 to 0.5 g. The indicator of static volume capacity also depends on the mass of the sample added to the solution and decreases with the dosing rate growth. Wastes of iron-magnesium production contain magnesium and iron in high concentrations. After interaction with industrial waste water, they actively release magnesium into the solution, but continue to extract iron from it. The indicators of the degree of pollutant extraction from solutions and of static volume capacity for iron have high values regardless of the sample weight for both groups and vary from 99.85 to 99.98% and from 3.9 to 10.82 mg/g. Scope of results. The data obtained will used to develop effective materials and methods for water bodies pollution elimination.
{"title":"Removal of copper ions from industrial wastewater using waste from iron and magnesium production","authors":"A. Sobenin, N. Antoninova, A. Usmanov, Kseniia Shepel","doi":"10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-32-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-32-42","url":null,"abstract":"Research objective is to assess the possibility of removing copper ions from industrial wastewater using waste from iron and magnesium production. Methods of research. An experiment was conducted to remove copper ions from a solution of industrial wastewater using waste from iron and magnesium production. Data were obtained showing changes in the ion content of the studied metals in wastewater solutions. Theoretical research was carried out to analyze the effectiveness of existing wastewater treatment methods in order to study and generalize the results. The initial concentration of metal ions in solutions was measured with a Varian AA 240 FS atomic absorption spectrophotometer with a deuterium lamp for background correction and flame spraying. Temperature and pH were measured with a Hanna HI 99121 portable pH meter. Mineralization of solid samples was carried out with a MARS 5 Digestion Microwave System in Easy Prep vessels with the addition of nitric and hydrofluoric acids. Results. The results of the research on the removal of copper ions from industrial waste water using iron-magnesium production waste show that the samples under investigation were effective in absorbing copper from aqueous solutions. It was found that the amount of copper in the filtrates varies depending on the tested sorbent sample weight. There is an increase in the indicator of the degree of pollutant extraction from solutions from 52.02 to 99.04% for group 1 and from 43.2 to 98.91 % for group to respectively with an increase in the sample dosing rate from 0.2 to 0.5 g. The indicator of static volume capacity also depends on the mass of the sample added to the solution and decreases with the dosing rate growth. Wastes of iron-magnesium production contain magnesium and iron in high concentrations. After interaction with industrial waste water, they actively release magnesium into the solution, but continue to extract iron from it. The indicators of the degree of pollutant extraction from solutions and of static volume capacity for iron have high values regardless of the sample weight for both groups and vary from 99.85 to 99.98% and from 3.9 to 10.82 mg/g. Scope of results. The data obtained will used to develop effective materials and methods for water bodies pollution elimination.","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"17 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83821514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-62-73
Sergei Sentiabov
Relevance. The intensification of underground mining at the Gaisky underground mine is caused by the ever-increasing demand for raw materials and leads to mining depth growth. It therefore drives the need to formulate the problem of mining system structural elements stability. Data on the size and degree of fracturing of the rock mass disturbed layer on the outcrop (sheath) formed from natural cracks opening and drilling and blasting operations, made it possible to correct the stress distribution patterns on the contour and around the goaf. Research results established the dependence between the stress concentration and the structural weakening coefficient with distance from the outcrop. Research objective is to geomechanically substantiate rock pressure control methods and options for backfill mining method, improve safety and reduce geodynamic phenomena manifestation in the course of mining. Methods of research include full-scale experimental measurements of rock mass and ore stress state at accessible depths and horizons of the deposit. An integrated scientific research method was used which includes the analysis and theoretical generalization of the patterns of stress distribution in masses of extracted chamber reserves, mathematical modeling of the research results, and theoretical results comparison with the instrumental observations results. Results analysis. The paper presents the results of stress state formation in the ore in place, obtained through modern methods for mine structures stress-strain state calculation. Regularities in the rock mass stress state distribution were revealed. A set of active rock pressure control methods was formed on the example of the Gaisky underground mine. Findings. As compared to existing methods, rock pressure control is most effective through creating protective zones, artificial planes, using two panels in the lying and hanging sides tunneled along the strike of the ore body and forming sharp corners in the roof and bottoms, which will make it possible to move the maximum compressive stresses from technologically critical to less critical and more stable sections of the rock mass and concentrate the maximum compressive stresses on themselves, thereby unloading the workings of the bottom and the roof of future chambers in the protective zone. It is more rational to work out mining units with the I–II stage chambers according to existing schemes, and release the III stage chamber rock mass with double chambers and form diamond-shaped asymmetric interfloor pillars.
{"title":"Rock pressure management during deep deposit development","authors":"Sergei Sentiabov","doi":"10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-62-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-62-73","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The intensification of underground mining at the Gaisky underground mine is caused by the ever-increasing demand for raw materials and leads to mining depth growth. It therefore drives the need to formulate the problem of mining system structural elements stability. Data on the size and degree of fracturing of the rock mass disturbed layer on the outcrop (sheath) formed from natural cracks opening and drilling and blasting operations, made it possible to correct the stress distribution patterns on the contour and around the goaf. Research results established the dependence between the stress concentration and the structural weakening coefficient with distance from the outcrop. Research objective is to geomechanically substantiate rock pressure control methods and options for backfill mining method, improve safety and reduce geodynamic phenomena manifestation in the course of mining. Methods of research include full-scale experimental measurements of rock mass and ore stress state at accessible depths and horizons of the deposit. An integrated scientific research method was used which includes the analysis and theoretical generalization of the patterns of stress distribution in masses of extracted chamber reserves, mathematical modeling of the research results, and theoretical results comparison with the instrumental observations results. Results analysis. The paper presents the results of stress state formation in the ore in place, obtained through modern methods for mine structures stress-strain state calculation. Regularities in the rock mass stress state distribution were revealed. A set of active rock pressure control methods was formed on the example of the Gaisky underground mine. Findings. As compared to existing methods, rock pressure control is most effective through creating protective zones, artificial planes, using two panels in the lying and hanging sides tunneled along the strike of the ore body and forming sharp corners in the roof and bottoms, which will make it possible to move the maximum compressive stresses from technologically critical to less critical and more stable sections of the rock mass and concentrate the maximum compressive stresses on themselves, thereby unloading the workings of the bottom and the roof of future chambers in the protective zone. It is more rational to work out mining units with the I–II stage chambers according to existing schemes, and release the III stage chamber rock mass with double chambers and form diamond-shaped asymmetric interfloor pillars.","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80055200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-96-106
V. Filatov, L. Bolotnova
Introduction. Petrophysical properties of rocks and strata reflect the long history of the Upper Kama potassium salt deposit (VKMKS) formation and development (about 300 million years) as well as its various endogenous and exogenous geological and geochemical processes. VKMKS geological structure as well as past and present processes at the field are effectively studied by geophysical methods. Experience has shown that, considering the gigantic area of the salt strata development and multi-layer potassium-magnesium salt deposits, high-precision and detailed geophysical studies performed on most of the VKMKS territory are most effective from a geological viewpoint, namely, gravity survey at a scale of 1 : 25,000 and aeromagnetic survey at a scale of 1 : 10,000 together with other geological and geophysical data. VKMKS structural-tectonic objects occurrence conditions and magnetic properties of their rocks and strata, especially magnetic susceptibility, form the petrophysical basis for the aeromagnetic survey applied to map the objects. The task of mapping structural-tectonic objects on the VKMKS territory in a magnetic field is a specific task of using aeromagnetic survey to map structural-tectonic objects in a weakly magnetic sedimentary cover of the entire Perm Cis-Urals. Methods of research includes studying and analyzing the research data of the Perm Cis-Urals sedimentary cover rock magnetic properties (magnetic susceptibility). The morphology of structural-tectonic objects magnetic field anomalies in the Perm Cis-Urals sedimentary cover and the morphology of VKMKS structural-tectonic objects magnetic field anomalies are studied and analyzed. Research results. The analysis of sedimentary cover rocks magnetic susceptibility and aeromagnetic survey data interpretation showed that the structural-tectonic objects of the cover create anomalies in the magnetic field. The anomalies exceed the intensity of three times the root-mean-square measurement error, and therefore are mapped with confidence. Conclusions. It is reasonable to use the data of areal high-precision aeromagnetic survey at a scale of 1 : 10,000 together with other geological and geophysical methods to improve the reliability of mapping such important structural and tectonic objects as tectonic faults of various ranks, from deep faults to fracture zones, at VKMKS.
{"title":"Mapping the structural and tectonic objects of the Upper-Kama potassium salt deposit in the magnetic field","authors":"V. Filatov, L. Bolotnova","doi":"10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-96-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-96-106","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Petrophysical properties of rocks and strata reflect the long history of the Upper Kama potassium salt deposit (VKMKS) formation and development (about 300 million years) as well as its various endogenous and exogenous geological and geochemical processes. VKMKS geological structure as well as past and present processes at the field are effectively studied by geophysical methods. Experience has shown that, considering the gigantic area of the salt strata development and multi-layer potassium-magnesium salt deposits, high-precision and detailed geophysical studies performed on most of the VKMKS territory are most effective from a geological viewpoint, namely, gravity survey at a scale of 1 : 25,000 and aeromagnetic survey at a scale of 1 : 10,000 together with other geological and geophysical data. VKMKS structural-tectonic objects occurrence conditions and magnetic properties of their rocks and strata, especially magnetic susceptibility, form the petrophysical basis for the aeromagnetic survey applied to map the objects. The task of mapping structural-tectonic objects on the VKMKS territory in a magnetic field is a specific task of using aeromagnetic survey to map structural-tectonic objects in a weakly magnetic sedimentary cover of the entire Perm Cis-Urals. Methods of research includes studying and analyzing the research data of the Perm Cis-Urals sedimentary cover rock magnetic properties (magnetic susceptibility). The morphology of structural-tectonic objects magnetic field anomalies in the Perm Cis-Urals sedimentary cover and the morphology of VKMKS structural-tectonic objects magnetic field anomalies are studied and analyzed. Research results. The analysis of sedimentary cover rocks magnetic susceptibility and aeromagnetic survey data interpretation showed that the structural-tectonic objects of the cover create anomalies in the magnetic field. The anomalies exceed the intensity of three times the root-mean-square measurement error, and therefore are mapped with confidence. Conclusions. It is reasonable to use the data of areal high-precision aeromagnetic survey at a scale of 1 : 10,000 together with other geological and geophysical methods to improve the reliability of mapping such important structural and tectonic objects as tectonic faults of various ranks, from deep faults to fracture zones, at VKMKS.","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85624800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-52-61
E. Borovikov, A. Mazhitov
Introduction. To reduce ore loss and impoverishment, high-value non-ferrous metal reserves are commonly developed by the mining methods with worked-out area backfilling. Regardless of the type and methods of backfill mass formation, worked-out area backfilling, being a way to control the rock state, is highly labor intensive and incurs additional costs, therefore increasing the cost of stoping. During field exploitation, mining and geological conditions tend to constantly deteriorate, and complex mining conditions form, which is accompanied by decreased content of the commercial component. The more complex the mining conditions are, the higher goaf maintenance costs is and the lower the mining intensity is. So, as mining develops, production cost constantly grows while the commercial component content decreases, which negatively affects total production performance indicators. Therefore, searching for ways to solve the problem of backfill cost reduction remains an urgent practical task of mining. It is possible to optimize backfill costs under changing and constantly deteriorating mining and geological conditions without reducing mining productivity by means of the underground geotechnology with artificial industrially-modified mass formation with the required geotechnical characteristics. The technology is presented in this work and is aimed at the effective development of the field reserves. Research objective is to develop and substantiate the parameters of underground geotechnology with worked-out area backfilling, which controls geotechnical characteristics of an artificial industrially-modified mass during the stoping. Methods of research. A room-and-pillar mining method was designed and its parameters were substantiated, taking into account natural mining and geological conditions and mining technical conditions formed in the course of stoping. The research was based on theoretical calculations and geomechanical modeling. Results. A variant of a room-and-pillar mining method has been developed with worked-out area backfilling with dry rock and further consolidation with a hardening mixture and compaction by breaking reserves in a compressive medium. The results obtained showed the mining method’s effectiveness. The study substantiates the rational values of the mining method structural element parameters. In particular, the size of the chamber wall is determined, located at an angle of 80°, with the reinforced layer up to 5 m thick and 1.5 MPa strong. Conclusions. A variant of the mining method can be used when mining inclined and steeply pitching ore bodies in difficult mining and geological conditions.
{"title":"The technology of forming a backfill mass with the specified geotechnical characteristics","authors":"E. Borovikov, A. Mazhitov","doi":"10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-52-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-52-61","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. To reduce ore loss and impoverishment, high-value non-ferrous metal reserves are commonly developed by the mining methods with worked-out area backfilling. Regardless of the type and methods of backfill mass formation, worked-out area backfilling, being a way to control the rock state, is highly labor intensive and incurs additional costs, therefore increasing the cost of stoping. During field exploitation, mining and geological conditions tend to constantly deteriorate, and complex mining conditions form, which is accompanied by decreased content of the commercial component. The more complex the mining conditions are, the higher goaf maintenance costs is and the lower the mining intensity is. So, as mining develops, production cost constantly grows while the commercial component content decreases, which negatively affects total production performance indicators. Therefore, searching for ways to solve the problem of backfill cost reduction remains an urgent practical task of mining. It is possible to optimize backfill costs under changing and constantly deteriorating mining and geological conditions without reducing mining productivity by means of the underground geotechnology with artificial industrially-modified mass formation with the required geotechnical characteristics. The technology is presented in this work and is aimed at the effective development of the field reserves. Research objective is to develop and substantiate the parameters of underground geotechnology with worked-out area backfilling, which controls geotechnical characteristics of an artificial industrially-modified mass during the stoping. Methods of research. A room-and-pillar mining method was designed and its parameters were substantiated, taking into account natural mining and geological conditions and mining technical conditions formed in the course of stoping. The research was based on theoretical calculations and geomechanical modeling. Results. A variant of a room-and-pillar mining method has been developed with worked-out area backfilling with dry rock and further consolidation with a hardening mixture and compaction by breaking reserves in a compressive medium. The results obtained showed the mining method’s effectiveness. The study substantiates the rational values of the mining method structural element parameters. In particular, the size of the chamber wall is determined, located at an angle of 80°, with the reinforced layer up to 5 m thick and 1.5 MPa strong. Conclusions. A variant of the mining method can be used when mining inclined and steeply pitching ore bodies in difficult mining and geological conditions.","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78297565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-136-145
V. Tauger, L. Kochneva, E. Volkov
Introduction. High-quality ventilation of underground workings is an important condition for safe and accident-free mining. Research on aerological situation control in work areas is ongoing, but the problem of creating reliable adaptive ventilation systems for shafts and mines remains urgent despite the progress made. In course of excavation, the system of workings on the horizon develops a highly complex structure. Auxiliary ventilation is often the only way to achieve high-quality air exchange in the working area. Methods of research. To continuously provide the working area with an estimated amount of fresh air, as well as to intensify ventilation if the concentration of toxic contaminants is increased, mine auxiliary fans (MAF) are used. The best way to improve MAF environmental and economic efficiency is to automatically control the fan capacity. Results and analysis. The program embedded in the programmable logic controller (PLC) provides for comparing the transmitters readings and the aerological situation allowed by the parameters as well as making a decision on changing the fan capacity. If the change is required, the PLC sends an appropriate command to the controller to adjust the fan engine speed. The MAF scheme is simplified if the blind drift is straight because the transmitter is in the line of sight of the receiver and there is no need for a repeater. The UMP design is of a minimal complexity when the mine working is straight and the control task is limited to ensuring constant air flow supplied to the bottom-hole zone. Out of all the data devices, only the flow transmitter remains in the circuit, while the repeater and PLC are excluded. It should also be noted that during the entire period of tunneling, the fan of an unregulated MAF creates an excess power consumption, therefore consuming more electricity than the fan of an intelligent mechatronic module (IMM). Conclusions. Conversion of MAF to IMM will provide the required amount of fresh air to the bottom-hole zone increasing the safety of miners. Real-time control of IMM capacity will significantly reduce energy consumption and create favorable conditions for optimizing ventilation according to the “price-quality” criterion.
{"title":"Mine auxiliary fan in the form of an intelligent mechatronic module","authors":"V. Tauger, L. Kochneva, E. Volkov","doi":"10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-136-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2023-2-136-145","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. High-quality ventilation of underground workings is an important condition for safe and accident-free mining. Research on aerological situation control in work areas is ongoing, but the problem of creating reliable adaptive ventilation systems for shafts and mines remains urgent despite the progress made. In course of excavation, the system of workings on the horizon develops a highly complex structure. Auxiliary ventilation is often the only way to achieve high-quality air exchange in the working area. Methods of research. To continuously provide the working area with an estimated amount of fresh air, as well as to intensify ventilation if the concentration of toxic contaminants is increased, mine auxiliary fans (MAF) are used. The best way to improve MAF environmental and economic efficiency is to automatically control the fan capacity. Results and analysis. The program embedded in the programmable logic controller (PLC) provides for comparing the transmitters readings and the aerological situation allowed by the parameters as well as making a decision on changing the fan capacity. If the change is required, the PLC sends an appropriate command to the controller to adjust the fan engine speed. The MAF scheme is simplified if the blind drift is straight because the transmitter is in the line of sight of the receiver and there is no need for a repeater. The UMP design is of a minimal complexity when the mine working is straight and the control task is limited to ensuring constant air flow supplied to the bottom-hole zone. Out of all the data devices, only the flow transmitter remains in the circuit, while the repeater and PLC are excluded. It should also be noted that during the entire period of tunneling, the fan of an unregulated MAF creates an excess power consumption, therefore consuming more electricity than the fan of an intelligent mechatronic module (IMM). Conclusions. Conversion of MAF to IMM will provide the required amount of fresh air to the bottom-hole zone increasing the safety of miners. Real-time control of IMM capacity will significantly reduce energy consumption and create favorable conditions for optimizing ventilation according to the “price-quality” criterion.","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87492041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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