Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.17073/1609-3577j.met202305.528
V. Sleptsov, L. Kozhitov, A. Diteleva, D. Kukushkin, A. Popkova
The physicochemical foundations of the basic structures and technologies for the production of promising electrolytic cells for the accumulation of electrical energy with a specific energy intensity for reusable cells of 350–500 W ⋅ h/kg at the first stage and 1000 W ⋅ h/kg at the second stage have been developed. Along with traditional chemical current sources and ionistors, supercapacitive capacitor structures with a thin dielectric in a double electric layer and hybrid capacitors appear, in which energy is accumulated both in a double electric layer and due to electrochemical processes. This approach makes it possible to reduce the internal resistance of electrolytic cells, which leads to a decrease in heat generation during operation and, accordingly, an increase in specific energy consumption, operational safety, a decrease in charging time, and an increase in specific power. A promising anode is a nanostructured electrode material, which is a carbon-based matrix filled with a nanostructured reactive material. Promising materials for filling the carbon matrix are Li and its alloys, Si, Al, Na, Sn, Mg, Zn, Ni, Co, Ag, and a number of other materials and their compounds. The influence of the specific area of the carbon material, dielectric constant, addition of a chemically active substance on the specific energy consumption has been studied. The theoretical values of the specific energy capacity of hybrid capacitors with a metal-air system are calculated. A thin-film technological complex has been developed that ensures the creation of a new generation of electrode materials, the design of which is a carbon matrix with a highly developed surface, in which there is a tunnel-thin dielectric, on the surface of which a chemically active material is placed.
{"title":"Status and prospects for the development of mobile power sources","authors":"V. Sleptsov, L. Kozhitov, A. Diteleva, D. Kukushkin, A. Popkova","doi":"10.17073/1609-3577j.met202305.528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577j.met202305.528","url":null,"abstract":"The physicochemical foundations of the basic structures and technologies for the production of promising electrolytic cells for the accumulation of electrical energy with a specific energy intensity for reusable cells of 350–500 W ⋅ h/kg at the first stage and 1000 W ⋅ h/kg at the second stage have been developed. Along with traditional chemical current sources and ionistors, supercapacitive capacitor structures with a thin dielectric in a double electric layer and hybrid capacitors appear, in which energy is accumulated both in a double electric layer and due to electrochemical processes. This approach makes it possible to reduce the internal resistance of electrolytic cells, which leads to a decrease in heat generation during operation and, accordingly, an increase in specific energy consumption, operational safety, a decrease in charging time, and an increase in specific power. A promising anode is a nanostructured electrode material, which is a carbon-based matrix filled with a nanostructured reactive material. Promising materials for filling the carbon matrix are Li and its alloys, Si, Al, Na, Sn, Mg, Zn, Ni, Co, Ag, and a number of other materials and their compounds. The influence of the specific area of the carbon material, dielectric constant, addition of a chemically active substance on the specific energy consumption has been studied. The theoretical values of the specific energy capacity of hybrid capacitors with a metal-air system are calculated. A thin-film technological complex has been developed that ensures the creation of a new generation of electrode materials, the design of which is a carbon matrix with a highly developed surface, in which there is a tunnel-thin dielectric, on the surface of which a chemically active material is placed.","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78079207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.17073/1609-3577j.met202303.538
V. Khvesyuk, A. Barinov, B. Liu, W. Qiao
Currently, there is a rapid development of thermophysics of solids associated with the need of creating models with a high degree of predictive reliability. This paper presents new approaches to solving relevant issues related to the study of heat transfer in semiconductors and dielectrics, mainly concerning nano-structures. The first of the considered tasks is the creation of a statistical model of the processes of interaction of heat carriers – phonons – with rough surfaces of solids. For the first time authors proposed a method based on the statistics of the slopes of the profile of a random surface. The calculation results are the mean free paths of phonon between the opposite boundaries of the sample, which are necessary for calculating the effective thermal conductivity in ballistic and diffusion-ballistic regime of heat transfer, depending on the roughness parameters. The second task is to develop methods for calculating the processes of heat transfer through the contact surfaces of solids. We were able to show that, taking into account the phonon dispersion and the corresponding restrictions on the frequency values, the modified acoustic mismatch model for calculating Kapitsa resistances can be extended to temperatures above 300 K. Previously, the limit of applicability of this method was considered to be a temperature of 30 K. Moreover, the proposed method is also generalized to the case of rough interfaces. The third task is a new approach to determining the thermal conductivity of solids. The authors have developed a method of direct Monte Carlo simulation of phonon kinetics with strict consideration of their interaction due to the direct use of the laws of conservation of energy and quasi-momentum. The calculations of the thermal conductivity coefficient for pure silicon in the temperature range from 100 to 300 K showed good agreement with the experiment and ab initio calculations of other authors, and also allowed us to consider in detail the kinetics of phonons.
{"title":"Fundamentally new approaches to solving thermophysical problems in the field of nanoelectronics","authors":"V. Khvesyuk, A. Barinov, B. Liu, W. Qiao","doi":"10.17073/1609-3577j.met202303.538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577j.met202303.538","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, there is a rapid development of thermophysics of solids associated with the need of creating models with a high degree of predictive reliability. This paper presents new approaches to solving relevant issues related to the study of heat transfer in semiconductors and dielectrics, mainly concerning nano-structures. The first of the considered tasks is the creation of a statistical model of the processes of interaction of heat carriers – phonons – with rough surfaces of solids. For the first time authors proposed a method based on the statistics of the slopes of the profile of a random surface. The calculation results are the mean free paths of phonon between the opposite boundaries of the sample, which are necessary for calculating the effective thermal conductivity in ballistic and diffusion-ballistic regime of heat transfer, depending on the roughness parameters. The second task is to develop methods for calculating the processes of heat transfer through the contact surfaces of solids. We were able to show that, taking into account the phonon dispersion and the corresponding restrictions on the frequency values, the modified acoustic mismatch model for calculating Kapitsa resistances can be extended to temperatures above 300 K. Previously, the limit of applicability of this method was considered to be a temperature of 30 K. Moreover, the proposed method is also generalized to the case of rough interfaces. The third task is a new approach to determining the thermal conductivity of solids. The authors have developed a method of direct Monte Carlo simulation of phonon kinetics with strict consideration of their interaction due to the direct use of the laws of conservation of energy and quasi-momentum. The calculations of the thermal conductivity coefficient for pure silicon in the temperature range from 100 to 300 K showed good agreement with the experiment and ab initio calculations of other authors, and also allowed us to consider in detail the kinetics of phonons.","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"4282 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86044064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.17073/1609-3577j.met202304.525
A. Belov, V. E. Kanevskii, E. I. Kladova, S. Knyazev, N. Y. Komarovskiy, I. B. Parfent'eva, E. V. Chernyshova
Optical and electrophysical properties of Cz-grown zinc doped p-GaAs samples have been investigated. Middle-infrared reflection spectra of ten p-GaAs samples have been obtained. Galvanomagnetic Van der Pau measurements have been made on these samples also, and the values of resistivity and Hall coefficient have been calculated. All experiments have been carried out at room temperature.Reflection spectra have been processed by Kramers–Kronig relations. The spectral dependences of real and imaginary parts of complex dielectric permittivity have been obtained and loss function has been calculated. The value of characteristic wave number corresponding to high-frequency plasmon-phonon mode has been determined by loss function maximum position.The theoretical calculations have been made, and the dependence has been obtained which gave the possibility to determine heavy hole concentration value at T = 295K by the value of characteristic wave number. Then by comparison of optical and Hall data the values of light hole mobility to heavy hole mobility ratio have been determined. This mobility ratio has been shown to be equal to (1.9–2.8) which is considerably less, than predicted theoretical value based on assumption that both light and heavy holes are scattered by optical phonons. It has been suggested that scattering mechanisms of light and heavy holes might be quite different.
{"title":"Comparison between optical and electrophysical data on hole concentration in zinc doped p-GaAs","authors":"A. Belov, V. E. Kanevskii, E. I. Kladova, S. Knyazev, N. Y. Komarovskiy, I. B. Parfent'eva, E. V. Chernyshova","doi":"10.17073/1609-3577j.met202304.525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577j.met202304.525","url":null,"abstract":"Optical and electrophysical properties of Cz-grown zinc doped p-GaAs samples have been investigated. Middle-infrared reflection spectra of ten p-GaAs samples have been obtained. Galvanomagnetic Van der Pau measurements have been made on these samples also, and the values of resistivity and Hall coefficient have been calculated. All experiments have been carried out at room temperature.Reflection spectra have been processed by Kramers–Kronig relations. The spectral dependences of real and imaginary parts of complex dielectric permittivity have been obtained and loss function has been calculated. The value of characteristic wave number corresponding to high-frequency plasmon-phonon mode has been determined by loss function maximum position.The theoretical calculations have been made, and the dependence has been obtained which gave the possibility to determine heavy hole concentration value at T = 295K by the value of characteristic wave number. Then by comparison of optical and Hall data the values of light hole mobility to heavy hole mobility ratio have been determined. This mobility ratio has been shown to be equal to (1.9–2.8) which is considerably less, than predicted theoretical value based on assumption that both light and heavy holes are scattered by optical phonons. It has been suggested that scattering mechanisms of light and heavy holes might be quite different.","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91094579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-08DOI: 10.17073/1609-3577j.met202307.543
E. V. Zabelina, R. Shahin, N. Kozlova, V. Kasimova
A large number of modern functional single crystals of the middle category belong to gyrotropic media. In these crystals, when light propagates along the optical axis, rotation of the plane of its polarization is observed. In this work a spectrophotometric method was used to obtain the dispersion dependences of the rotation angle of the polarization plane. This method is based on measuring the intensity of light passing through the polarizer–crystal–analyzer system, the crystal is a polished plane-parallel plate of a uniaxial gyrotropic crystal cut perpendicular to the optical axis. Measurements were carried out on a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer Cary-5000 in the wavelength range of 200—1200 nm using polarizers — Glan–Taylor prisms. Polished plane-parallel plates of known SiO2 and α-LiIO3 crystals were used as samples. The obtained dispersion dependences of the spectral transmission coefficients are oscillating. Discrete values of the specific angles of rotation of the plane of polarization of light are calculated from the extremes on these dependencies. These discrete values can be approximated by the formulas Drude, Chanrasekahar and Vyshina, depending on what determines the nature of the rotational ability of the plane of polarization of light in each particular material. For the studied crystals, dependences of the modified Drude formula of the form 1/ρ = f(λ2) are plotted, these dependences should have a linear character in the case of an ideal crystal. The obtained experimental results correlate well with the available literature data. The advantages of this method are efficiency, the possibility of obtaining dispersion dependences of the specific rotation angle of the polarization plane, the need for a single sample, the possibility of assessing the nature of the rotational ability of specific crystals, the possibility of evaluating the structural perfection of the studied crystals.
{"title":"Determination of the polarization plane specific rotation in gyrotropic crystals of the middle category by the spectrophotometric method","authors":"E. V. Zabelina, R. Shahin, N. Kozlova, V. Kasimova","doi":"10.17073/1609-3577j.met202307.543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577j.met202307.543","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of modern functional single crystals of the middle category belong to gyrotropic media. In these crystals, when light propagates along the optical axis, rotation of the plane of its polarization is observed. In this work a spectrophotometric method was used to obtain the dispersion dependences of the rotation angle of the polarization plane. This method is based on measuring the intensity of light passing through the polarizer–crystal–analyzer system, the crystal is a polished plane-parallel plate of a uniaxial gyrotropic crystal cut perpendicular to the optical axis. Measurements were carried out on a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer Cary-5000 in the wavelength range of 200—1200 nm using polarizers — Glan–Taylor prisms. Polished plane-parallel plates of known SiO2 and α-LiIO3 crystals were used as samples. The obtained dispersion dependences of the spectral transmission coefficients are oscillating. Discrete values of the specific angles of rotation of the plane of polarization of light are calculated from the extremes on these dependencies. These discrete values can be approximated by the formulas Drude, Chanrasekahar and Vyshina, depending on what determines the nature of the rotational ability of the plane of polarization of light in each particular material. For the studied crystals, dependences of the modified Drude formula of the form 1/ρ = f(λ2) are plotted, these dependences should have a linear character in the case of an ideal crystal. The obtained experimental results correlate well with the available literature data. The advantages of this method are efficiency, the possibility of obtaining dispersion dependences of the specific rotation angle of the polarization plane, the need for a single sample, the possibility of assessing the nature of the rotational ability of specific crystals, the possibility of evaluating the structural perfection of the studied crystals.","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88450770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-169-179
Anton A. Penkin, Ya.V. Kazakov
The process of recycled pulp refining is usually associated with a significant change in the morphological characteristics of the secondary fiber and the formation of additional amounts of fines. It is well known that fines have a great impact on the pulp properties, the papermaking process and the quality of the resulting paper. At the same time, the effect of fines both on the paper properties and on the papermaking process depends on the morphological characteristics of the fines. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in the morphological characteristics of the fines during gentle low-consistency refining of the recycled pulp. The recycled pulp was obtained from commercial wet-strength tissue paper, consisting of 100 % bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP) made from pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The repulping of wet-strength paper was performed at 60 °C in three ways, namely, repulping with sodium hydroxide (indicated as RP (NaOH)), repulping with sodium hydroxide and sodium persulfate (RP (NaOH + Na2S2O8)), and finally repulping with sodium hydroxide and potassium monopersulfate (RP (NaOH + KHSO5)). Using an optical fiber analyzer, L&W Fiber Tester, it was found that accelerated persulfate and monopersulfate repulping of the wet-strength paper led to an increase in fines content after pulp refining by 0.20…0.28 % on length and by 0.9…1.5 % on number of particles. In addition, some fines were not detected due to the limited resolution of the measuring device. The morphological characteristics of the recycled pulps showed that the studied fines were relatively straight particles (Sl = 93.5...94.0 %) with low length polydispersity ((Ll/Ln) = 1.08...1.09). Fines had a mean slenderness ratio (L/W)l and (L/W)w of about 7, which in some length classes reached 8...9. Taking into account the experimental data on fines length (Ll = 132…134 µm) and fiber width (Wl = 29.7…30.0 µm), as well as SEM images of recycled paper, we can conclude that these particles can form fines-assisted bridges between several close deposited fibers in the fiber network, thus strengthening the paper web. For citation: Penkin A.A., Kazakov Y.V. Changes in the Morphological Characteristics of Secondary Fiber Obtained from Wet-Strength Paper During Gentle Refining of the Recycled Pulp. Part 2. Fines Characteristics. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 169–179. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-169-179
{"title":"Changes in the Morphological Characteristics of Secondary Fiber Obtained from Wet-Strength Paper During Gentle Refining of the Recycled Pulp. Part 2. Fines Characteristics","authors":"Anton A. Penkin, Ya.V. Kazakov","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-169-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-169-179","url":null,"abstract":"The process of recycled pulp refining is usually associated with a significant change in the morphological characteristics of the secondary fiber and the formation of additional amounts of fines. It is well known that fines have a great impact on the pulp properties, the papermaking process and the quality of the resulting paper. At the same time, the effect of fines both on the paper properties and on the papermaking process depends on the morphological characteristics of the fines. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in the morphological characteristics of the fines during gentle low-consistency refining of the recycled pulp. The recycled pulp was obtained from commercial wet-strength tissue paper, consisting of 100 % bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP) made from pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The repulping of wet-strength paper was performed at 60 °C in three ways, namely, repulping with sodium hydroxide (indicated as RP (NaOH)), repulping with sodium hydroxide and sodium persulfate (RP (NaOH + Na2S2O8)), and finally repulping with sodium hydroxide and potassium monopersulfate (RP (NaOH + KHSO5)). Using an optical fiber analyzer, L&W Fiber Tester, it was found that accelerated persulfate and monopersulfate repulping of the wet-strength paper led to an increase in fines content after pulp refining by 0.20…0.28 % on length and by 0.9…1.5 % on number of particles. In addition, some fines were not detected due to the limited resolution of the measuring device. The morphological characteristics of the recycled pulps showed that the studied fines were relatively straight particles (Sl = 93.5...94.0 %) with low length polydispersity ((Ll/Ln) = 1.08...1.09). Fines had a mean slenderness ratio (L/W)l and (L/W)w of about 7, which in some length classes reached 8...9. Taking into account the experimental data on fines length (Ll = 132…134 µm) and fiber width (Wl = 29.7…30.0 µm), as well as SEM images of recycled paper, we can conclude that these particles can form fines-assisted bridges between several close deposited fibers in the fiber network, thus strengthening the paper web. For citation: Penkin A.A., Kazakov Y.V. Changes in the Morphological Characteristics of Secondary Fiber Obtained from Wet-Strength Paper During Gentle Refining of the Recycled Pulp. Part 2. Fines Characteristics. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 169–179. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-169-179","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"192 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72824271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-58-75
S. Tarkhanov, E. Pinaevskaya, Y. Aganina, Alexander S. Pakhov
Conifers are characterized by a certain degree of individual variability in the content of stress metabolites, which can be caused by genotypic variations or divergence in the growth conditions of individual trees. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the variation of biochemical traits of Scots pine, which are different in the color of male strobilus, during adaptation to the conditions of constant excessive moisture in the soil of the northern taiga. The dynamics of metabolic parameters of Pinus sylvestris L. were investigated in shrubsphagnum pine stands on marshy upland soils at the mouth of the Northern Dvina River (northern taiga subzone). From July to November 2018, needle samples from shoots were collected from 10 pine trees of each of the male strobilus types, differentiated by color. The contents of photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, proline, water-soluble proteins, and pH were measured under laboratory conditions. The synthesis of chlorophyll in the needles in the current year of formation decreased in trees of both forms during the dry summer period. A favorable temperature in the autumn period could promote an extension of photosynthetic pigment accumulation, which might negatively affect tree preparation for overwintering. There were no significant differences between f. erythranthera Sanio and f. sulfuranthera Kozubow in the needle content of chlorophyll and carotenoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, free proline, water-soluble proteins, or pH. The similarities in the adaptation of the trees to the constant excessive soil moisture in northern taiga conditions were revealed. The seasonal factor had a considerable impact on the dynamics of biochemical parameters. Ascorbic acid, proline, and anthocyanin were more actively accumulated in the needles throughout the summer due to the high air temperature, resulting in an increase in antioxidant activity and the development of protective mechanisms aimed at reducing oxidative stress. The increase in water-soluble protein content in needles from October to November is one of the cryoprotective mechanisms of the trees for the winter period. Individual differences in ascorbic acid and proline contents in yellow microspore-bearing pine needles at the establishment of minus temperatures in November were considerably higher than in red microspore-bearing pine needles. This is regarded as the norm of the reaction for different types of trees to the influence of negative temperatures. For citation: Tarkhanov S.N., Pinaevskaya E.A., Aganina Y.E., Pakhov A.S. Variability of Biochemical Properties During Adaptation of Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae) Forms to Excessive Moisture Conditions. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 58–75. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-58-75
{"title":"Variability of Biochemical Properties During Adaptation of Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae) Forms to Excessive Moisture Conditions","authors":"S. Tarkhanov, E. Pinaevskaya, Y. Aganina, Alexander S. Pakhov","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-58-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-58-75","url":null,"abstract":"Conifers are characterized by a certain degree of individual variability in the content of stress metabolites, which can be caused by genotypic variations or divergence in the growth conditions of individual trees. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the variation of biochemical traits of Scots pine, which are different in the color of male strobilus, during adaptation to the conditions of constant excessive moisture in the soil of the northern taiga. The dynamics of metabolic parameters of Pinus sylvestris L. were investigated in shrubsphagnum pine stands on marshy upland soils at the mouth of the Northern Dvina River (northern taiga subzone). From July to November 2018, needle samples from shoots were collected from 10 pine trees of each of the male strobilus types, differentiated by color. The contents of photosynthetic pigments, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, proline, water-soluble proteins, and pH were measured under laboratory conditions. The synthesis of chlorophyll in the needles in the current year of formation decreased in trees of both forms during the dry summer period. A favorable temperature in the autumn period could promote an extension of photosynthetic pigment accumulation, which might negatively affect tree preparation for overwintering. There were no significant differences between f. erythranthera Sanio and f. sulfuranthera Kozubow in the needle content of chlorophyll and carotenoids, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, free proline, water-soluble proteins, or pH. The similarities in the adaptation of the trees to the constant excessive soil moisture in northern taiga conditions were revealed. The seasonal factor had a considerable impact on the dynamics of biochemical parameters. Ascorbic acid, proline, and anthocyanin were more actively accumulated in the needles throughout the summer due to the high air temperature, resulting in an increase in antioxidant activity and the development of protective mechanisms aimed at reducing oxidative stress. The increase in water-soluble protein content in needles from October to November is one of the cryoprotective mechanisms of the trees for the winter period. Individual differences in ascorbic acid and proline contents in yellow microspore-bearing pine needles at the establishment of minus temperatures in November were considerably higher than in red microspore-bearing pine needles. This is regarded as the norm of the reaction for different types of trees to the influence of negative temperatures. For citation: Tarkhanov S.N., Pinaevskaya E.A., Aganina Y.E., Pakhov A.S. Variability of Biochemical Properties During Adaptation of Pinus sylvestris (Pinaceae) Forms to Excessive Moisture Conditions. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 58–75. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-58-75","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75910364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-76-92
Tatiana A. Turchina, O. Bannikova
Forest crop cultivation of Crimean pine (Pinus pallasiana D. Don) was implemented in 2009–2020 on sandy and sand included soils in the steppe zone of the European part of Russia. During the analysis of the reasons for the low efficiency of reforestation, the authors proposed the hypothesis that the rules of planting recommended for Scots pine relative to the depth of rooting may not be acceptable for Crimean pine. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the necessity and the most optimal value of deepening the root collar of Crimean pine seedlings on hilly sands. Experimental forest cultures were planted in 2017. The depth of the plant collar relative to the soil surface was tested at 0, 2, 4, 6 cm, and until the seedling’s foliated part. The reference group was created by machine cultivation, which required a rooting depth of 6 cm or more. In the case of hand cultivation, the variants with planting depths of 2 and 4 cm had the highest rates of plant survival (94.2–94.6 % in the first year), plant safety (67.0–94.6 % in the fourth year), and their most even distribution over the silvicultural area (variation coefficient (υ) at 6.6–28.8 %). The lack of deepening and very deep planting by 6 cm led to a decrease in plant survival and preservation by 7.6–18.6 % with an increase in the range of the variation coefficient (υ, 10.2–60.6 %). The mechanized planting with a root collar depth over 6 cm gave the lowest number of preserved plants (58.4 % in the first year, 32.7 % in the fourth year), and the greatest range for the variation coefficient (υ, 30.5–70.1 %). An analytical equalization of the density of age dynamics showed that the predicted density would not reach the normative value with low and very deep planting. The established statistically significant differences in the survival rate of forest cultures throughout the observation period (tf = 2.12–4.38> t05 = 2.12–2.45) indicated the expediency of deepening the root collar. The optimal value is 2–4 cm, but until the seedling’s foliated part. For citation: Turchina T.A., Bannikova O.A. Creation of Forest Cultures of Crimean Pine (Pinus pallasiana D. Don) on the Hilly Sands in the Steppe Zone of Russia. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 76–92. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-76-92
{"title":"Creation of Forest Cultures of Crimean Pine (Pinus pallasiana D. Don) on the Hilly Sands in the Steppe Zone of Russia","authors":"Tatiana A. Turchina, O. Bannikova","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-76-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-76-92","url":null,"abstract":"Forest crop cultivation of Crimean pine (Pinus pallasiana D. Don) was implemented in 2009–2020 on sandy and sand included soils in the steppe zone of the European part of Russia. During the analysis of the reasons for the low efficiency of reforestation, the authors proposed the hypothesis that the rules of planting recommended for Scots pine relative to the depth of rooting may not be acceptable for Crimean pine. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the necessity and the most optimal value of deepening the root collar of Crimean pine seedlings on hilly sands. Experimental forest cultures were planted in 2017. The depth of the plant collar relative to the soil surface was tested at 0, 2, 4, 6 cm, and until the seedling’s foliated part. The reference group was created by machine cultivation, which required a rooting depth of 6 cm or more. In the case of hand cultivation, the variants with planting depths of 2 and 4 cm had the highest rates of plant survival (94.2–94.6 % in the first year), plant safety (67.0–94.6 % in the fourth year), and their most even distribution over the silvicultural area (variation coefficient (υ) at 6.6–28.8 %). The lack of deepening and very deep planting by 6 cm led to a decrease in plant survival and preservation by 7.6–18.6 % with an increase in the range of the variation coefficient (υ, 10.2–60.6 %). The mechanized planting with a root collar depth over 6 cm gave the lowest number of preserved plants (58.4 % in the first year, 32.7 % in the fourth year), and the greatest range for the variation coefficient (υ, 30.5–70.1 %). An analytical equalization of the density of age dynamics showed that the predicted density would not reach the normative value with low and very deep planting. The established statistically significant differences in the survival rate of forest cultures throughout the observation period (tf = 2.12–4.38> t05 = 2.12–2.45) indicated the expediency of deepening the root collar. The optimal value is 2–4 cm, but until the seedling’s foliated part. For citation: Turchina T.A., Bannikova O.A. Creation of Forest Cultures of Crimean Pine (Pinus pallasiana D. Don) on the Hilly Sands in the Steppe Zone of Russia. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 76–92. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-76-92","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87862078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-9-25
Nataliya N. Besschetnova, V. Besschetnov, N. Babich, V. A. Bryntsev
An essential stage in the establishment of seed orchards is the formation of an optimal composition, avoiding inbreeding depression in the produced seed material, which develops as a result of crossbreeding between closely related plus trees. The negative effect can be reduced by ensuring the genetic heterogeneity of the seeds. The purpose of this study is to give a relative evaluation of the plus trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as one of the most economically significant tree species on the European continent according to their physiological conditions. The formation and lignification of the xylem of the plus trees were investigated in the Nizhny Novgorod region of Russia. A histochemical examination was performed using the reaction of phloroglucinol to lignin. Phenotypic differences in the physiological conditions of plus trees appeared on a uniform ecological background that indicates their genotypic determinism. This fact was confirmed by ANOVA. The share of the influence of differences between the proper plus trees was between 25.16±8.91 % and 53.98±5.48 %. According to the results of the factor and cluster analysis, the association of plus trees was generated by the similarity of the multidimensional estimates of the xylem conditions. The objects that were statistically most distant from the others were determined. The hereditary conditionality of the identified differences among plus trees allows us to consider their grouping into clusters as genotypically determined. This information provides a reasonable approach to the formation of an assortment of Scots pine clonal seed orchards. For citation: Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P., Babich N.A., Bryntsev V.A. Differentiation of Plus Trees of Scots Pine by Xylem Conditions. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 9–25. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-9-25
{"title":"Differentiation of Plus Trees of Scots Pine by Xylem Conditions","authors":"Nataliya N. Besschetnova, V. Besschetnov, N. Babich, V. A. Bryntsev","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-9-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-9-25","url":null,"abstract":"An essential stage in the establishment of seed orchards is the formation of an optimal composition, avoiding inbreeding depression in the produced seed material, which develops as a result of crossbreeding between closely related plus trees. The negative effect can be reduced by ensuring the genetic heterogeneity of the seeds. The purpose of this study is to give a relative evaluation of the plus trees of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as one of the most economically significant tree species on the European continent according to their physiological conditions. The formation and lignification of the xylem of the plus trees were investigated in the Nizhny Novgorod region of Russia. A histochemical examination was performed using the reaction of phloroglucinol to lignin. Phenotypic differences in the physiological conditions of plus trees appeared on a uniform ecological background that indicates their genotypic determinism. This fact was confirmed by ANOVA. The share of the influence of differences between the proper plus trees was between 25.16±8.91 % and 53.98±5.48 %. According to the results of the factor and cluster analysis, the association of plus trees was generated by the similarity of the multidimensional estimates of the xylem conditions. The objects that were statistically most distant from the others were determined. The hereditary conditionality of the identified differences among plus trees allows us to consider their grouping into clusters as genotypically determined. This information provides a reasonable approach to the formation of an assortment of Scots pine clonal seed orchards. For citation: Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P., Babich N.A., Bryntsev V.A. Differentiation of Plus Trees of Scots Pine by Xylem Conditions. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 9–25. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-9-25","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82362365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-26-40
Siarhei U. Rabko, Aleksandr V. Kozel, Liliya F. Pаplauskaya, P. Tupik, Vadzim V. Nosnikau, P. Melnik
It is important to comprehend the physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine wood from various geographical origins in order to use it effectively and rationally in production. The purpose of the study is to determine the physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine wood from 17 climatic ecotypes and to conduct a comparative analysis of the received indicators for the studied climatypes separately and for subspecies, which were grouped according to the classification of L.F. Pravdin. The physical properties that were chosen for the investigation were wood density in an absolutely dry state and at 12 % moisture content. The mechanical characteristics were the tensile strength of the wood along the fibers and the tensile strength in static bending. The range of geographic origins of the seed harvesting locations was from 47 to 62 °N and 22 to 85 °E. The investigation was conducted using contemporary universal testing equipment, MTS Insight 100. It was found that the density of the wood varied from 370 kg/m3 (Kursk climatype) to 524 kg/m3 (Volgograd climatype) under absolutely dry conditions and from 397 kg/m3 (Kursk climatype) to 550 kg/m3 (Volgograd climatype) at 12 % moisture content. The tensile strength of wood along the fibers ranged from 32 MPa (Kursk climatype) to 54 MPa (Volgograd climatype), while the tensile strength in static bending was from 55 to 92 MPa for the Vologda and Ulyanovsk climatypes, respectively. The maximum wood density at 12 % moisture content was 497±8 kg/m3, which is typical for European subspecies. The minimum value of this indicator was 423±30 kg/m3. The medium values had Lapland subspecies and Steppe subspecies 483±16 kg/m3 and 464±12 kg/m3, respectively. The tensile strength of wood along the fibers in the studied subspecies ranged from 47±1 MPa (European subspecies) to 33±4 MPa (Siberian subspecies). For Lapland subspecies, it was 44±2 MPa and slightly lower for Steppe subspecies, which was 42±2 MPa. The maximum value of the tensile strength in static bending for European subspecies was 78±4 MPa. The minimum value for the Siberian subspecies was 61±14 MPa. This indicator was equal for Steppe subspecies and Lapland subspecies, which was 72±4 MPa. For citation: Rabko S.U., Melnik P.G., Kozel A.V., Paplauskaya L.F., Tupik P.V., Nosnikau V.V. Comparison of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Scots Pine Wood Grown in Different Climatypes. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 26–40. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-26-40
{"title":"Comparison of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Scots Pine Wood Grown in Different Climatypes","authors":"Siarhei U. Rabko, Aleksandr V. Kozel, Liliya F. Pаplauskaya, P. Tupik, Vadzim V. Nosnikau, P. Melnik","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-26-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-26-40","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to comprehend the physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine wood from various geographical origins in order to use it effectively and rationally in production. The purpose of the study is to determine the physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine wood from 17 climatic ecotypes and to conduct a comparative analysis of the received indicators for the studied climatypes separately and for subspecies, which were grouped according to the classification of L.F. Pravdin. The physical properties that were chosen for the investigation were wood density in an absolutely dry state and at 12 % moisture content. The mechanical characteristics were the tensile strength of the wood along the fibers and the tensile strength in static bending. The range of geographic origins of the seed harvesting locations was from 47 to 62 °N and 22 to 85 °E. The investigation was conducted using contemporary universal testing equipment, MTS Insight 100. It was found that the density of the wood varied from 370 kg/m3 (Kursk climatype) to 524 kg/m3 (Volgograd climatype) under absolutely dry conditions and from 397 kg/m3 (Kursk climatype) to 550 kg/m3 (Volgograd climatype) at 12 % moisture content. The tensile strength of wood along the fibers ranged from 32 MPa (Kursk climatype) to 54 MPa (Volgograd climatype), while the tensile strength in static bending was from 55 to 92 MPa for the Vologda and Ulyanovsk climatypes, respectively. The maximum wood density at 12 % moisture content was 497±8 kg/m3, which is typical for European subspecies. The minimum value of this indicator was 423±30 kg/m3. The medium values had Lapland subspecies and Steppe subspecies 483±16 kg/m3 and 464±12 kg/m3, respectively. The tensile strength of wood along the fibers in the studied subspecies ranged from 47±1 MPa (European subspecies) to 33±4 MPa (Siberian subspecies). For Lapland subspecies, it was 44±2 MPa and slightly lower for Steppe subspecies, which was 42±2 MPa. The maximum value of the tensile strength in static bending for European subspecies was 78±4 MPa. The minimum value for the Siberian subspecies was 61±14 MPa. This indicator was equal for Steppe subspecies and Lapland subspecies, which was 72±4 MPa. For citation: Rabko S.U., Melnik P.G., Kozel A.V., Paplauskaya L.F., Tupik P.V., Nosnikau V.V. Comparison of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Scots Pine Wood Grown in Different Climatypes. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 26–40. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-26-40","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88987704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-180-189
A. Gryazkin, Minh Anh Hoang, T. Thanh, D. Danilov, D. Zaytsev
The study showed a correlation between the intensity of sap release by birch trees and the trunk diameter, degree of crown development, and tree age. In addition to the characteristics of trees, sap release intensity also depended on weather conditions and tapping methods. The study object was a mature birch stand with blueberry ground cover (Kirishi forestry unit of the Leningrad region, Russia). The composition of the stand consisted of birch (65 %), spruce (21 %), aspen (8 %), alder (3 %), elm (2 %), and maple (1 %); the basal area was 0.6. The projective cover was 0.73. The average age, diameter and height were 76 yrs, 25.0 cm and 24.3 m, respectively. Tapping was carried out by the closed method. The tapping channels were 30–40 cm above the root neck. The intensity of sap release was found to depend on the number of channels and their location. The maximum intensity of sap release from one tapping channel was 285 mL/h, depending on the trunk diameter and tree age. The intensity of sap release varied throughout the day: it increased in the morning and early afternoon (until 1–2 pm), and decreased in the late afternoon. At night, sap release intensity was the lowest, or it stopped completely regardless of the tree's age, degree of crown development, and trunk diameter. At the average daily temperature between +3 and +6 °С in moky weather, each tree produced 0.54–1.37 L of sap per day, and at a higher temperature in sunny weather, 2.50–6.22 L per day. The higher the air and soil temperatures, the more intense the sap release. At the air temperature of –3.0 °С, the sap freezes. When the average daily air temperature stays above +10.0 °С for several days, the sap begins to ferment. For citation: Gryazkin A.V., Danilov D.A., Zaytsev D.A., Hoang Minh Anh, Thanh Tran Trung. Regulation of Sap Release when Tapping Betula pendula Roth. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 180–189. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-180-189
{"title":"Regulation of Sap Release when Tapping Betula pendula Roth","authors":"A. Gryazkin, Minh Anh Hoang, T. Thanh, D. Danilov, D. Zaytsev","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-180-189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-180-189","url":null,"abstract":"The study showed a correlation between the intensity of sap release by birch trees and the trunk diameter, degree of crown development, and tree age. In addition to the characteristics of trees, sap release intensity also depended on weather conditions and tapping methods. The study object was a mature birch stand with blueberry ground cover (Kirishi forestry unit of the Leningrad region, Russia). The composition of the stand consisted of birch (65 %), spruce (21 %), aspen (8 %), alder (3 %), elm (2 %), and maple (1 %); the basal area was 0.6. The projective cover was 0.73. The average age, diameter and height were 76 yrs, 25.0 cm and 24.3 m, respectively. Tapping was carried out by the closed method. The tapping channels were 30–40 cm above the root neck. The intensity of sap release was found to depend on the number of channels and their location. The maximum intensity of sap release from one tapping channel was 285 mL/h, depending on the trunk diameter and tree age. The intensity of sap release varied throughout the day: it increased in the morning and early afternoon (until 1–2 pm), and decreased in the late afternoon. At night, sap release intensity was the lowest, or it stopped completely regardless of the tree's age, degree of crown development, and trunk diameter. At the average daily temperature between +3 and +6 °С in moky weather, each tree produced 0.54–1.37 L of sap per day, and at a higher temperature in sunny weather, 2.50–6.22 L per day. The higher the air and soil temperatures, the more intense the sap release. At the air temperature of –3.0 °С, the sap freezes. When the average daily air temperature stays above +10.0 °С for several days, the sap begins to ferment. For citation: Gryazkin A.V., Danilov D.A., Zaytsev D.A., Hoang Minh Anh, Thanh Tran Trung. Regulation of Sap Release when Tapping Betula pendula Roth. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 180–189. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-180-189","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82545136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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