Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-172-182
Yury V. Podrezov
The study investigates the central current issues in extreme forest fire extinction from organizational and technological perspectives. An analysis of the problems in the field of forest pyrology is established on the principles of systematic approach, methods of logical analysis and synthesis of ongoing processes. It indicates the need to develop modern mechanisms against forest fires of various types, which are often the origins of emergency forest fires of various scales. It has been determined that the scientifically substantiated ways of arrangement and implementation of measures for fire prevention and elimination should be supported by an adequate functioning system for scientifically based management decisions. Such a system should be grounded on the processes of the integrated fire monitoring and predicting of the forest fire situation, supervising and estimating the dynamics as well as consequences of the forest fires, their sources of various types and emergency scenarios with gradated threat scales. There are multiple fire extinguishing techniques with various productivity, environmental friendliness, cost efficiency, speed response that have been practically proven over a long period of time. Although the elevation of the results, according to the parameters of the reduced number of burns and the forest areas covered by fire, shows the need for improvement, as well as the generation and realization of the new modern methods against burns on wooded areas especially with the damaging factors. It is recommended to reduce the fire hazard class caused by weather conditions by using an environmentally compatible and efficient electrophysical principals. Such response procedures have gone through an extensive practical examination in different geographical conditions of the Russian Federation and in several foreign countries. It should be mentioned that this approach has a great potential for prevention and termination of large forest fires, reducing the damaging factors coming from the sources of emergency fire situations. For citation: Podrezov Yu.V. Principal Directions for Prevention of Emergency Fire Situations in Forests. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 172–182. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-172-182
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Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-88-105
P. Ryabukhin, O. Kunitskaya, O. Grigoreva
The work analyses the forest raw material resources of the Far Eastern Federal District. Corresponding to the conclusions, it is made an evaluation of a promising technology and systems of machinery for logging. It shows the significance of logging development for the rational exploitation of forest resources and the economic progress of the Far Eastern Federal District. It is performed an analysis of different technological procedures for timber harvesting. The study gives a mathematical model for the evaluation of forestry companies by economic efficiency, regarding the resolution “The Strategy for the Development of the Forest Complex of the Russian Federation Until 2030”. The examination of the region’s forest resources reveals that, currently, in coniferous forests, up to 60 % of industrial wood is available from the total volume of timber for harvesting. However, the sawlog of 1–2 classes contains only 30–35 % of this volume. Within the framework of the research conducted in the developed cutting areas are established territorial-technological plots, in which logging residues are produced and collected. In these plots, the types and the volumes of the abandoned wood are determined. It is estimated that approximately 40–50 % of the annual volume of the timber released for logging is left as a trunk lowvalue timber and forest residues at cutting areas and loading points. The article gives a proposal fоr the automation systems and technologies for harvesting in mixed stands with low-valued wood class, which allow to increase the degree of usable wood, reduce risks from littering and provide in the future various regional forestry companies with row materials. The represented mathematical model on determination of economic efficiency and cost-effectiveness of technological process allows to make rational decisions on the implementation of bucking program of forestry company. For citation: Ryabukhin P.B., Kunitskaya O.A., Grigoreva O.I. Substantiation of Technological Processes and Machinery Systems for Logging Operations. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 88–105. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-88-105
{"title":"Substantiation of Technological Processes and Machinery Systems for Logging Operations","authors":"P. Ryabukhin, O. Kunitskaya, O. Grigoreva","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-88-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-88-105","url":null,"abstract":"The work analyses the forest raw material resources of the Far Eastern Federal District. Corresponding to the conclusions, it is made an evaluation of a promising technology and systems of machinery for logging. It shows the significance of logging development for the rational exploitation of forest resources and the economic progress of the Far Eastern Federal District. It is performed an analysis of different technological procedures for timber harvesting. The study gives a mathematical model for the evaluation of forestry companies by economic efficiency, regarding the resolution “The Strategy for the Development of the Forest Complex of the Russian Federation Until 2030”. The examination of the region’s forest resources reveals that, currently, in coniferous forests, up to 60 % of industrial wood is available from the total volume of timber for harvesting. However, the sawlog of 1–2 classes contains only 30–35 % of this volume. Within the framework of the research conducted in the developed cutting areas are established territorial-technological plots, in which logging residues are produced and collected. In these plots, the types and the volumes of the abandoned wood are determined. It is estimated that approximately 40–50 % of the annual volume of the timber released for logging is left as a trunk lowvalue timber and forest residues at cutting areas and loading points. The article gives a proposal fоr the automation systems and technologies for harvesting in mixed stands with low-valued wood class, which allow to increase the degree of usable wood, reduce risks from littering and provide in the future various regional forestry companies with row materials. The represented mathematical model on determination of economic efficiency and cost-effectiveness of technological process allows to make rational decisions on the implementation of bucking program of forestry company. For citation: Ryabukhin P.B., Kunitskaya O.A., Grigoreva O.I. Substantiation of Technological Processes and Machinery Systems for Logging Operations. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 88–105. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-88-105","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81444889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-146-159
Hoang M. Khoa, Ya.V. Kazakov, Elena O. Okulova
The wood of tropical plants, including bamboo, has great potential due to its rapid growth, simple cultivation, low cost, and characteristics suitable for the pulp and paper industry. The study considers the structural-morphological properties of unbleached kraft pulp from the wood of Bambusa blumeana, which grows in the Republic of Vietnam. Kraft cooking was carried out on an autoclave system, CAS 420. The obtained bamboo pulp had a yield of 41.7 %, the Kappa number was 17.3. Structural and morphological properties are determined by an automatic fiber analyzer, L&W Fiber Tester. Digital microphotographs were taken with an ImagerM2m Carl Zeiss microscope. Samples were studied before and after refining at the Yokro mill up to 60 °SR. A comparison of the change in the structural and dimensional properties of bamboo pulp fibers was made with industrial softwood and hardwood unbleached pulp. It has been established that, with a general, similar to hardwood and softwood pulp, the nature of the change in properties during refining – a decrease in the average fiber length (from 1.90 up to 1.21 mm), an increase in width (from 17.8 to 20.6 μm), shape factor (from 81.7 to 85.6 %), fines content (from 1.8 to 7.0 %), a decrease in the number of kinks per fiber (from 0,78 to 0,72), the average segment length (from 1.17 to 0.86 mm), also observed for softwood and hardwood pulp, the change in the values of the structural and dimensional characteristics of the fibers in pulp from bamboo occurs to the greatest extent. The reduced fiber width with a high fiber length provides the highest values of the fiber slenderness ratio l/w (from 106.6 for unrefined to 58.8 at 60 °SR) in comparison with softwood (from 81.3 to 60.6) and especially hardwood (from 44.4 to 36.0), which in turn leads to a reduced shape factor and easier damage to the fibers under hydromechanical action during refining, which is expressed in a change in the number of kinks on a fiber. The maximum changes in the structure, size, shape of the fiber and fine content occur already in the first 10 minutes of refining, which indicates the low strength of bamboo fibers and their easy damage. Therefore, it can be assumed that the use of unbleached bamboo pulp in brown paper furnishing will not lead to an increase in its strength. For citation: Khoa H.M., Kazakov Ya.V., Okulova E.O. Features of Changing Structural and Morphological Properties of Bamboo Pulp During Refining. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 146–159. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-146-159
{"title":"Features of Changing Structural and Morphological Properties of Bamboo Pulp During Refining","authors":"Hoang M. Khoa, Ya.V. Kazakov, Elena O. Okulova","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-146-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-146-159","url":null,"abstract":"The wood of tropical plants, including bamboo, has great potential due to its rapid growth, simple cultivation, low cost, and characteristics suitable for the pulp and paper industry. The study considers the structural-morphological properties of unbleached kraft pulp from the wood of Bambusa blumeana, which grows in the Republic of Vietnam. Kraft cooking was carried out on an autoclave system, CAS 420. The obtained bamboo pulp had a yield of 41.7 %, the Kappa number was 17.3. Structural and morphological properties are determined by an automatic fiber analyzer, L&W Fiber Tester. Digital microphotographs were taken with an ImagerM2m Carl Zeiss microscope. Samples were studied before and after refining at the Yokro mill up to 60 °SR. A comparison of the change in the structural and dimensional properties of bamboo pulp fibers was made with industrial softwood and hardwood unbleached pulp. It has been established that, with a general, similar to hardwood and softwood pulp, the nature of the change in properties during refining – a decrease in the average fiber length (from 1.90 up to 1.21 mm), an increase in width (from 17.8 to 20.6 μm), shape factor (from 81.7 to 85.6 %), fines content (from 1.8 to 7.0 %), a decrease in the number of kinks per fiber (from 0,78 to 0,72), the average segment length (from 1.17 to 0.86 mm), also observed for softwood and hardwood pulp, the change in the values of the structural and dimensional characteristics of the fibers in pulp from bamboo occurs to the greatest extent. The reduced fiber width with a high fiber length provides the highest values of the fiber slenderness ratio l/w (from 106.6 for unrefined to 58.8 at 60 °SR) in comparison with softwood (from 81.3 to 60.6) and especially hardwood (from 44.4 to 36.0), which in turn leads to a reduced shape factor and easier damage to the fibers under hydromechanical action during refining, which is expressed in a change in the number of kinks on a fiber. The maximum changes in the structure, size, shape of the fiber and fine content occur already in the first 10 minutes of refining, which indicates the low strength of bamboo fibers and their easy damage. Therefore, it can be assumed that the use of unbleached bamboo pulp in brown paper furnishing will not lead to an increase in its strength. For citation: Khoa H.M., Kazakov Ya.V., Okulova E.O. Features of Changing Structural and Morphological Properties of Bamboo Pulp During Refining. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 146–159. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-146-159","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83166815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-121-131
V. N. Ermolin, Mihail A. Bayandin, A. V. Namyatov, V. A. Ostryakova
One of the techniques of additive technologies is 3D printing. It is a perspective direction in the development of low-rise housing construction. The process of 3D printing can be performed with various materials. Although this study investigates the possibility of applying hydrodynamically activated wood pulp. A fragmentated wood in the process of activation changes physical and chemical properties because of the cavitation effect. Such fragments in the form of the activated pulp are a solid dispersed system, whose properties depend on humidity. The activated pulp mass is created by moisture elimination, and it can be transported through pipelines. The structure is formed in the process of self-adhesion, without any adhesives, by the appearance of autogenous interactions between the wood particles. The obtained material has a sufficiently high strength and water resistance, which are the prerequisites for the use of activated wood pulp in additive technologies. The 3D printed products are constructed by applying some material in layers at certain time intervals. The main requirements are a steady shape and a homogeneity of the structure. Therefore, the limit of creep rate for the pulp mass was determined that is a yield tensile stress point, above which the material (flow) undergoes an intensive plastic deformation. In this study, a conical plastometer was used according to the method of Academician P.A. Rebinder. The measured parameter depends significantly on the humidity of the pulp. There found an inverse relationship between the humidity and the creep limit. The obtained dependence is fundamental for determination of the thickness of applied layers and the time intervals between applications. The homogeneity of the structure in the interlayer section determines the strength of the entire product. It is obtained when the humidity level is greater than 400 % in the contact area. The high humidity level at the contact area with the low average humidity of the material can be created by microwave radiation treatment. Thus, the moisture is distributed across the thickness of the layer. The treatment also increases the humidity level on the surface and reduces it in the center of the material. For citation: Ermolin V.N., Bayandin M.A., Namyatov A.V., Ostryakova V.A. Structural and Mechanical Properties of Hydrodynamically Activated Wood Pulp in Additive Technologies. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 121–131. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-121-131
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Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-106-120
V.S. Prokopets, A. V. Skrypnikov, Yuriy A. Borovlev, Vaycheslav G. Kozlov, Natalia G. Ponomareva, D. Levushkin
The currently available methods for evaluating technical-operational characteristics and conditions of hauling roads are time- consuming. Although, they provide a sufficiently accurate description of the conditions of certain road components. Furthermore, they give the possibilities to identify ways for elimination of the constructional defects and determine the work extent to correct them. A peculiarity of forestry production is the simultaneous exploitation of a branching transport network with different types of subsidiary hauling roads, which depends on weather conditions, change of logging locations, traffic intensity, and other factors. Therefore, the available methods, which clarify the relationships between the traffic resistance and strength of the road construction, are poorly usable for rapid estimation of the technical and operational conditions in renovation planning. The purpose of the study is to improve the methodological fundamentals of traction-operational calculations for timber transportation according to the constructional state of the hauling roads. It has been determined that the calculation of the rolling resistance must include the factor of structural deformation. It is influenced by the modulus of elasticity for the surface structural materials. The resulting relationship makes it possible to increase the accuracy of traction-operational calculations at the project phase of the hauling road building. It can be included into the target function for comparing alternatives in the case of optional project planning. The mathematical aspect in the evaluation of the traffic resistance gives an opportunity to use this parameter as an indirect characteristic of the constructional strength of a road, as well as it can be a comprehensive qualitative indicator of the condition of a pavement. For citation: Prokopets V.S., Kozlov V.G., Skrypnikov A.V., Ponomareva N.G., Levushkin D.M., Borovlev Yu.A. Mathematical Justification of Vehicular Traffic Resistance in Relation to Structural Surface Conditions of Hauling Roads. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 106−120. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-106-120
{"title":"Mathematical Justification of Vehicular Traffic Resistance in Relation to Structural Surface Conditions of Hauling Roads","authors":"V.S. Prokopets, A. V. Skrypnikov, Yuriy A. Borovlev, Vaycheslav G. Kozlov, Natalia G. Ponomareva, D. Levushkin","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-106-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-106-120","url":null,"abstract":"The currently available methods for evaluating technical-operational characteristics and conditions of hauling roads are time- consuming. Although, they provide a sufficiently accurate description of the conditions of certain road components. Furthermore, they give the possibilities to identify ways for elimination of the constructional defects and determine the work extent to correct them. A peculiarity of forestry production is the simultaneous exploitation of a branching transport network with different types of subsidiary hauling roads, which depends on weather conditions, change of logging locations, traffic intensity, and other factors. Therefore, the available methods, which clarify the relationships between the traffic resistance and strength of the road construction, are poorly usable for rapid estimation of the technical and operational conditions in renovation planning. The purpose of the study is to improve the methodological fundamentals of traction-operational calculations for timber transportation according to the constructional state of the hauling roads. It has been determined that the calculation of the rolling resistance must include the factor of structural deformation. It is influenced by the modulus of elasticity for the surface structural materials. The resulting relationship makes it possible to increase the accuracy of traction-operational calculations at the project phase of the hauling road building. It can be included into the target function for comparing alternatives in the case of optional project planning. The mathematical aspect in the evaluation of the traffic resistance gives an opportunity to use this parameter as an indirect characteristic of the constructional strength of a road, as well as it can be a comprehensive qualitative indicator of the condition of a pavement. For citation: Prokopets V.S., Kozlov V.G., Skrypnikov A.V., Ponomareva N.G., Levushkin D.M., Borovlev Yu.A. Mathematical Justification of Vehicular Traffic Resistance in Relation to Structural Surface Conditions of Hauling Roads. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 106−120. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-106-120","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81889004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-132-145
A. Toropov, V. Byzov
Coniferous sawn timber is extensively used in construction. However, the dimensional and qualitative composition of the round timber for lumber production has recently deteriorated significantly. The number of sawn logs with a diameter of 14–20 cm represents barely 50 % of the total supply of raw materials for sawmills. Besides that, large-diameter logs frequently have some signs of decay, which is mostly heartwood rot. Thus, the sawlog must be handled with caution. The problem is to intensify the sawing process, especially when logs have a presence of heartwood rot. This is possible to achieve with the implementation of modern technological sawing processes and specified equipment. A method of morphological research is used to select flowsheet diagrams of sawing and construction solutions for rip cutting equipment. The completeness of the morphological table is determined by the sum of all properties of the concept objects and is evaluated by obtaining effective technological and constructive solutions. According to the morphological method, a procedure of search systematization is developed. The patent search identified the main protective and published application documents concerning programs about ripping machines for round timber. The flowsheet diagrams for rip cutting of round timber and operational schemes for the equipment are adjusted according to the discovered regularities. A new sawing program is proposed in order to improve the efficiency of the equipment. It was licensed under a national patent of the Russian Federation. The evaluation of the possibility of implementing the technological process is made by analyzing the target costs for the production arrangement, the production rate per shift, and the quality of the final products. The proposed method for selecting directions to intensify the rip cutting of round timber gives the possibility to determine the effective technological and technical decisions at a project’s preliminary problem-solving stage. For citation: Toropov A.S., Byzov V.E. Morphological Analysis and Optimization of Technological Process for Rip Cutting of Round Timber. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 132–145. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-132-145
针叶锯材广泛用于建筑。然而，用于木材生产的圆木的尺寸和质量组成最近已显著恶化。直径为14-20厘米的锯原木的数量仅占锯木厂原材料供应总量的50%。除此之外，大直径的原木经常有一些腐烂的迹象，这主要是心材腐烂。因此，锯木必须小心处理。问题是要加强锯切过程，特别是当原木有心材腐烂时。这可以通过实施现代技术锯切过程和指定设备来实现。采用形态学研究的方法选择了锯切设备的流程图和施工方案。形态表的完备性由概念对象的所有属性的总和决定，并通过获得有效的技术和构造解来评估。根据形态学方法，提出了一种搜索系统化的方法。专利检索确定了主要的保护和公布的申请文件，涉及圆木剥皮机的程序。根据发现的规律，调整了圆材撕切工艺流程图和设备操作方案。为了提高设备的工作效率，提出了一种新的锯切方案。它是根据俄罗斯联邦的国家专利获得许可的。通过分析生产安排的目标成本、每班的生产率和最终产品的质量，对工艺流程实施的可能性进行评价。所提出的选择方向的方法来加强圆形木材的撕裂切割，使得在项目的初步问题解决阶段确定有效的技术和技术决策成为可能。引用本文:Toropov A.S.， Byzov v .。圆材纵切的形态分析及工艺流程优化。俄罗斯林业杂志，2023年第1期。2，第132-145页。(俄国人)。https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-132-145
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Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-195-201
Denis V. Chernik, E. Avdeeva, Kristina N. Chernik, N.L. Rovnykh
Reforestation is one of the priorities of the state policy of the Russian Federation. Artificial recreation of forests, including a closed root system seedling cultivation technology, has shown its high efficiency in the conditions where natural recovery didn’t develop at the proper extent, especially in the areas affected by large-scale clearcuts and crown fires. Despite the high cost of the closed root system seedling cultivation technology, it is economically viable due to the high survival rate of the plants and the possibility to carry out the planting process over a long period of time. The industrial greenhouses are used for this technology and their construction engineering must consider the influence of external stress, including wind load that depends on the territorial location of the structure. The purpose of the study is to justify the construction characteristics of a greenhouse frame with a sufficient strength for the cultivation of seedlings with the closed root system. The object of the study is a rigid frame model of the greenhouse. The study was performed in the climate conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. The stress and strain analyss are made on the greenhouse construction elements under the conditions of their own weight and wind load using the method for solid modelling. The principal and the peak loads, the dimensions of the most stained areas, the influence of the wind load in these regions are calculated by applying the finite element algorithm for stress analysis simulated in a CAD software. The recommendations for the optimization of the structure are given. For citation: Chernik D.V., Avdeeva E.V., Chernik K.N., Rovnykh N.L. Analysis of Wind Load Effect on Greenhouse Frame for Cultivation Seedlings with Closed Root System. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 195–201. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-195-201
{"title":"Analysis of Wind Load Effect on Greenhouse Frame for Cultivation Seedlings with Closed Root System","authors":"Denis V. Chernik, E. Avdeeva, Kristina N. Chernik, N.L. Rovnykh","doi":"10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-195-201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-195-201","url":null,"abstract":"Reforestation is one of the priorities of the state policy of the Russian Federation. Artificial recreation of forests, including a closed root system seedling cultivation technology, has shown its high efficiency in the conditions where natural recovery didn’t develop at the proper extent, especially in the areas affected by large-scale clearcuts and crown fires. Despite the high cost of the closed root system seedling cultivation technology, it is economically viable due to the high survival rate of the plants and the possibility to carry out the planting process over a long period of time. The industrial greenhouses are used for this technology and their construction engineering must consider the influence of external stress, including wind load that depends on the territorial location of the structure. The purpose of the study is to justify the construction characteristics of a greenhouse frame with a sufficient strength for the cultivation of seedlings with the closed root system. The object of the study is a rigid frame model of the greenhouse. The study was performed in the climate conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. The stress and strain analyss are made on the greenhouse construction elements under the conditions of their own weight and wind load using the method for solid modelling. The principal and the peak loads, the dimensions of the most stained areas, the influence of the wind load in these regions are calculated by applying the finite element algorithm for stress analysis simulated in a CAD software. The recommendations for the optimization of the structure are given. For citation: Chernik D.V., Avdeeva E.V., Chernik K.N., Rovnykh N.L. Analysis of Wind Load Effect on Greenhouse Frame for Cultivation Seedlings with Closed Root System. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 195–201. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-195-201","PeriodicalId":44136,"journal":{"name":"Lesnoy Zhurnal-Forestry Journal","volume":"28 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72387316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-15-25
Anatoliy A. Deryugin, N. Rybakova, Yu.B. Glazunov
A comparative study of a restoration process is conducted in combinational forests of birch and spruce, as a population under the canopy, in the conditions of coniferousdeciduous or subboreal (Moscow region, Mozhayskiy district), and southern taiga or boreal forests (Yaroslavl region, Rybinskiy district) of European Russia. The relevance of investigations in this field is determined by the controversies over the outcomes from the natural course of successional processes in small-leaved forests with spruce growth under the canopy. The permanent trial plots, which were used for examinations, are characterized by the high-density birch forests of the oxalis-blueberry group with a first-class growth quality at the maturity stage, between 60 and 80 years old. The dynamics of age and vertical layers are investigated for the spruce under the canopy and the parcel structure of stand with ages within the 20-year period. It is determined that the main part of the spruce population under the canopy is represented by the generation, which was established in the birch forests until they reach the age of 30. The age composition of the spruce population, the arrangement of renewal periods, and the process of tree falling at the beginning and the end of the birch forests maturity stage are practically similar. In the zone of subboreal forests the vertical structure of the second layer of the spruce population develops earlier, compared to the boreal forests. In the boreal area, the formation of the under canopy second layer of spruce and its development to the first one begins at the aging stage, which is reached by birch trees around 90 years old. It was concluded that there are no fundamental differences in parcel structure of the stand or its fragmentation. In the mixed birch forests under the age of 60–80 years old the following properties are observed: an increase in the monoparcellarity of phytocenoses, in the areas with a closed second layer of spruce rises the occurrence of parcels, the amount of parcel plots declines, while their areas expand. If the birch forests are older than 90 years, monoparcellarity of the phytocenosis structure destroys, the number of parcels increases due to the appearance of gaps in the canopy, spruce renews in the areas the birche group-fall or after the snowfall and gusts of strong wind. For citation: Deryugin A.A., Rybakova N.A., Glazunov Y.B. Dynamics of the Spruce Population Structure Under the Canopy of Birch in Coniferous-Deciduous and Southern Taiga Forests of European Russia. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 15–25. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-15-25
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Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-9-14
М. Д. Мерзленко
«Лесной журнал» – одно из старейших периодических значимых изданий в России. За 190 лет он прошел долгий путь развития и был связан с именами многих выдающихся деятелей русской лесоводственной науки. Особо необходимо выделить Г.Ф. Морозова и И.С. Мелехова, существенно поднявших в разные периоды статус «Лесного журнала». «Лесной журнал» возник благодаря «Обществу поощрения лесного хозяйства». На рубеже XIX–XX вв. он издавался Императорским Вольным экономическим обществом, а с 1958 г. и по настоящее время выходит в серии «Известия высших учебных заведений».
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Pub Date : 2023-04-15DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-160-171
Mikhail A. Zagorodski, S. Tretyakov, S. Koptev
The task of increasing forest productivity has been and remains one of the current interests of the European North of Russia, especially after the period of primary development of the forest areas. In the European Northeast, excessive humidity is observed at rather low average temperatures, which prevents active surface evaporation. In the twentieth century, the hydrotechnical reclamations were conducted on the large areas of swampy forests that increased the total productivity. The ecologists have an ambivalent attitude concerning forest draining. The supporters, who try to protect the undisturbed forest territories, counteract such activities. At the same time, the cultivation of highly productive forests of the right composition and quality requires measures for natural afforestation, or artificial forests must be created. Besides the total productivity of the stands, wood quality is an important factor in the hydroamelioration. It is mainly determined by density and the ratio between early and late wood. The influence of the landscape peculiarities of the drained forests on the quality of the wood was examined by the devotion of the areas according to the most typical groups of microrelief: flat areas, elevations, transitional areas. In cases of extensive humidity, the death of seedlings and artificial forest plantings was observed (soaking, frost extrusion, etc.). The creation of micro-elevations and the drainage of the excessive moisture guarantee the regeneration and establishment of the highly productive forests. The differences in the density of pine wood before and after the hydrotechnical reclamation were detected according to the landscape. The largest changes in the indicator were determined at the elevations and the flat areas, with the increase and the decrease, respectively. The trees that grow on the flat terrain after the reclamation show a relative excess of early wood over late wood, while at the elevations the presence of the late wood is predominant. For citation: Zagorodski M.A., Tretyakov S.V., Koptev S.V. Density of Scots Pine Wood in Drained Sphagnum Pine Forest. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 160–171. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-160-171
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