Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643020971961
Chitra Joshi
Aditya Sarkar, Trouble at the Mill: Factory Law and the Emergence of the Labour Question Late Nineteenth-Century Bombay, Oxford University Press, 2018, 359 pp., ₹1,195.
{"title":"Book review: Aditya Sarkar, Trouble at the Mill: Factory Law and the Emergence of the Labour Question Late Nineteenth-Century Bombay","authors":"Chitra Joshi","doi":"10.1177/0257643020971961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643020971961","url":null,"abstract":"Aditya Sarkar, Trouble at the Mill: Factory Law and the Emergence of the Labour Question Late Nineteenth-Century Bombay, Oxford University Press, 2018, 359 pp., ₹1,195.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"6 1","pages":"305 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90207027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643020956625
Kanika Singh
This article examines the changing importance, in Sikh history, of Baghel Singh, a Sikh military commander in eighteenth-century Punjab, and the significance of the most recent events commemorating him in Delhi—the Fateh Diwas. The Fateh Diwas was a spectacular event organized for the first time in 2014 at the Red Fort in Delhi, by the Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD; Badal)-led Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee. It celebrated the conquest of Delhi by the Sikhs and the unfurling of the Sikh flag on the Red Fort by Baghel Singh. This claim is significant for its timing, symbolism and the historical legacy it seeks to remember. This representation of Baghel Singh also appears in modern paintings on Sikh history which are widely reproduced in popular spheres and also constitute the display in Sikh museums. A comparison of this particular representation of Baghel Singh with that in the nineteenth-century text, Sri Gur Panth Prakash by Ratan Singh Bhangu, is useful in understanding how Baghel Singh’s role has changed in Sikh history and how is it being deployed in contemporary heritage politics.
本文考察了18世纪旁遮普锡克教军事指挥官巴格尔·辛格(Baghel Singh)在锡克教历史上不断变化的重要性,以及最近在德里举行的纪念他的活动——法塔赫·迪瓦斯(Fateh Diwas)的意义。Fateh Diwas是2014年首次在德里红堡举办的盛大活动,由Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD;Badal)领导的德里锡克教Gurdwara管理委员会。它庆祝了锡克教徒对德里的征服,以及巴格勒·辛格(Baghel Singh)在红堡上展开锡克教旗。这一声明的意义在于它的时机、象征意义和它试图记住的历史遗产。巴格勒·辛格的画像也出现在有关锡克教历史的现代绘画中,这些绘画在大众领域广泛复制,也构成了锡克教博物馆的展品。将巴格尔·辛格的这种特殊表现与19世纪拉坦·辛格·班古的《Sri Gur Panth Prakash》中的表现进行比较,有助于理解巴格尔·辛格在锡克教历史上的角色是如何变化的,以及它在当代遗产政治中是如何被运用的。
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{"title":"Book review: Sarvani Gooptu, The Actress in the Public Theatres of Calcutta","authors":"Tanika Sarkar","doi":"10.1177/0257643017738605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643017738605","url":null,"abstract":"Sarvani Gooptu, The Actress in the Public Theatres of Calcutta, Primus Books, New Delhi, 2015, xxviii + 160 pp., ₹895 (hardcover).","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"33 1","pages":"136 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73617387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643019900089
Sarah Gandee
In contemporary India, the arena of identity politics and ‘reservations’ is highly contentious, with groups clamouring for official recognition within the categories of Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe or Other Backward Class. This article sheds new light on the wider processes of inclusion and exclusion among these categories by delineating the contested position of the so-called ‘criminal tribes’ within this framework. Until the 1920s, these criminalized communities were generally positioned as a separate group alongside ‘untouchable’ and ‘tribal’ communities, each of which was considered to have faced particular forms of disadvantage which demanded certain protections and ‘uplift’. Between the 1920s and 1950s, however, this distinct status was withdrawn amid debates over the boundaries, purpose and indeed responsibilities of representation within the evolving framework of group rights. While there was continued recognition of their distinct status in debates over definitions of disadvantage (in terms of a shared history of criminalization), this did not translate into official recognition as a separate category of disadvantaged citizen after independence, thereby complicating these communities’ ability to access the preferential policies inaugurated by the independent constitution in 1950. The article challenges the idea that these political categories are innate or fixed, and simultaneously historicizes the demands of the denotified (ex-‘criminal’) and nomadic tribe movement, which today campaigns for a separate constitutional classification within the ‘reservations’ regime.
{"title":"(Re-)Defining Disadvantage: Untouchability, Criminality and ‘Tribe’ in India, c. 1910s–1950s","authors":"Sarah Gandee","doi":"10.1177/0257643019900089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643019900089","url":null,"abstract":"In contemporary India, the arena of identity politics and ‘reservations’ is highly contentious, with groups clamouring for official recognition within the categories of Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe or Other Backward Class. This article sheds new light on the wider processes of inclusion and exclusion among these categories by delineating the contested position of the so-called ‘criminal tribes’ within this framework. Until the 1920s, these criminalized communities were generally positioned as a separate group alongside ‘untouchable’ and ‘tribal’ communities, each of which was considered to have faced particular forms of disadvantage which demanded certain protections and ‘uplift’. Between the 1920s and 1950s, however, this distinct status was withdrawn amid debates over the boundaries, purpose and indeed responsibilities of representation within the evolving framework of group rights. While there was continued recognition of their distinct status in debates over definitions of disadvantage (in terms of a shared history of criminalization), this did not translate into official recognition as a separate category of disadvantaged citizen after independence, thereby complicating these communities’ ability to access the preferential policies inaugurated by the independent constitution in 1950. The article challenges the idea that these political categories are innate or fixed, and simultaneously historicizes the demands of the denotified (ex-‘criminal’) and nomadic tribe movement, which today campaigns for a separate constitutional classification within the ‘reservations’ regime.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"77 1","pages":"71 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90060099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643020913144
N. Sinha
Aparjith Ramnath, The Birth of an Indian Profession: Engineers, Industry, and the State 1900–47, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2017, 288 pp., ₹895 (Hardback).
{"title":"Book review: Aparjith Ramnath, The Birth of an Indian Profession: Engineers, Industry, and the State 1900–47","authors":"N. Sinha","doi":"10.1177/0257643020913144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643020913144","url":null,"abstract":"Aparjith Ramnath, The Birth of an Indian Profession: Engineers, Industry, and the State 1900–47, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2017, 288 pp., ₹895 (Hardback).","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"14 1","pages":"150 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73854883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643020913139
H. Kulke
B. D. Chattopadhyaya, The Concept of Bharatavarsha and Other Essays, Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2017, x + 238 pp., ₹795.
B. D. Chattopadhyaya, Bharatavarsha的概念和其他散文,永久黑色,拉尼赫特,2017,x + 238页,₹795。
{"title":"Book review: B. D. Chattopadhyaya, The Concept of Bharatavarsha and Other Essays","authors":"H. Kulke","doi":"10.1177/0257643020913139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643020913139","url":null,"abstract":"B. D. Chattopadhyaya, The Concept of Bharatavarsha and Other Essays, Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2017, x + 238 pp., ₹795.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"41 1","pages":"125 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78806336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643019900103
J. Hinchy
The Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) of 1871 was a project to geographically redistribute and immobilize criminalized populations on the basis of family units. Family ties were a key site of contestation between criminalized people and the colonial state, as well as cooperation, or at least, situationally coinciding interests. This article’s focus on the family goes against the grain of existing literature, which has primarily debated the historical causes of the CTA and the colonial construction of the ‘criminal tribe’. This article explores a particular type of family tie—marriage—to provide a new vantage point on the minutiae of everyday life under the CTA, while also shedding light on the history of conjugality in modern South Asia. In 1891, the colonial government in north India launched a matchmaking campaign in which district Magistrates became marriage brokers. Colonial governments showed an uneven concern with marriage practices, which varied between criminalized communities and over time. In the case of ‘nomadic’ criminalized groups, colonial governments were more concerned with conjugality, since they attempted more significant transformations in the relationships between individuals, families, social groupings and space. Moreover, criminalized peoples’ strategies and demands propelled colonial involvement into marital matters. Yet the colonial government could not sustain a highly interventionist management of intimate relationships.
{"title":"Conjugality, Colonialism and the ‘Criminal Tribes’ in North India","authors":"J. Hinchy","doi":"10.1177/0257643019900103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643019900103","url":null,"abstract":"The Criminal Tribes Act (CTA) of 1871 was a project to geographically redistribute and immobilize criminalized populations on the basis of family units. Family ties were a key site of contestation between criminalized people and the colonial state, as well as cooperation, or at least, situationally coinciding interests. This article’s focus on the family goes against the grain of existing literature, which has primarily debated the historical causes of the CTA and the colonial construction of the ‘criminal tribe’. This article explores a particular type of family tie—marriage—to provide a new vantage point on the minutiae of everyday life under the CTA, while also shedding light on the history of conjugality in modern South Asia. In 1891, the colonial government in north India launched a matchmaking campaign in which district Magistrates became marriage brokers. Colonial governments showed an uneven concern with marriage practices, which varied between criminalized communities and over time. In the case of ‘nomadic’ criminalized groups, colonial governments were more concerned with conjugality, since they attempted more significant transformations in the relationships between individuals, families, social groupings and space. Moreover, criminalized peoples’ strategies and demands propelled colonial involvement into marital matters. Yet the colonial government could not sustain a highly interventionist management of intimate relationships.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"43 1","pages":"20 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79076558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643020913143
K. M. Shrimali
Suchandra Ghosh, From the Oxus to the Indus: A Political and Cultural Study, c. 300 BCE to c. 100 BCE, Primus Books, Delhi, 2017, xviii + 178 pp., ₹1150 (Hardback).
{"title":"Book review: Suchandra Ghosh, From the Oxus to the Indus: A Political and Cultural Study, c. 300 BCE to c. 100 BCE","authors":"K. M. Shrimali","doi":"10.1177/0257643020913143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643020913143","url":null,"abstract":"Suchandra Ghosh, From the Oxus to the Indus: A Political and Cultural Study, c. 300 BCE to c. 100 BCE, Primus Books, Delhi, 2017, xviii + 178 pp., ₹1150 (Hardback).","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"49 1","pages":"121 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79126644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643019900081
W. Gould, Andrew Lunt
One of the key problems with the official archival sources for India’s so-called ‘Criminal Tribes’ is that there is very little that captures the everyday lives of communities who were subjected to the Criminal Tribes Act (CTA), beyond the penal institution. This article explores how we can tease out new material on the work, politics and movements of erstwhile Criminal Tribes by looking at reformatory ‘industrial’ settlements, established between the 1910s and 1930s in Bombay Presidency, as a means of employing communities notified under the CTA in public works and other large-scale industrial projects. Along with identifying the administrative rationale for these settlements, their locational significance and longevity, this article explores the particular forms of surveillance that were developed around industrial work, and the experiences of labour within them. It argues that definitions of ‘criminality’ were, to some extent, negotiated around cultures of work, which drew in ideas about the family unit, traditions of movement and migration, the relationship between cities and their hinterland, and the requirements of capitalist industrial enterprise.
{"title":"Labour and Penal Control in the Criminal Tribes ‘Industrial’ Settlements in Early Twentieth Century Western India","authors":"W. Gould, Andrew Lunt","doi":"10.1177/0257643019900081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643019900081","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key problems with the official archival sources for India’s so-called ‘Criminal Tribes’ is that there is very little that captures the everyday lives of communities who were subjected to the Criminal Tribes Act (CTA), beyond the penal institution. This article explores how we can tease out new material on the work, politics and movements of erstwhile Criminal Tribes by looking at reformatory ‘industrial’ settlements, established between the 1910s and 1930s in Bombay Presidency, as a means of employing communities notified under the CTA in public works and other large-scale industrial projects. Along with identifying the administrative rationale for these settlements, their locational significance and longevity, this article explores the particular forms of surveillance that were developed around industrial work, and the experiences of labour within them. It argues that definitions of ‘criminality’ were, to some extent, negotiated around cultures of work, which drew in ideas about the family unit, traditions of movement and migration, the relationship between cities and their hinterland, and the requirements of capitalist industrial enterprise.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"53 1","pages":"47 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90051626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643020913137
R. Berger
Rohan Deb Roy, Malarial Subjects: Empire, Medicine and Nonhumans in British India, 1820–1909, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017, xv + 332 pp., 32.99 USD (paperback).
{"title":"Book review: Rohan Deb Roy, Malarial Subjects: Empire, Medicine and Nonhumans in British India, 1820–1909","authors":"R. Berger","doi":"10.1177/0257643020913137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643020913137","url":null,"abstract":"Rohan Deb Roy, Malarial Subjects: Empire, Medicine and Nonhumans in British India, 1820–1909, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2017, xv + 332 pp., 32.99 USD (paperback).","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"73 1","pages":"139 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82947755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}