Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643020907318
Sarah Gandee, W. Gould
This introduction outlines some of the key historiographical debates concerning caste, ‘tribe’ and criminality, and their relationship to the modern state, in South Asia. Although these social categories have long, complex and often inter-related histories rooted in indigenous and precolonial ideas and institutions, they emerged most forcefully as categories of governance in the legal-political system of the colonial and postcolonial states. These categories remained highly unstable, however. There was a clear disjuncture between forms of ‘colonial’ knowledge which structured legal categorization and everyday negotiations and contestations of the same. Using the example of India’s so-called ‘criminal tribes’ - the 200 or so communities declared as criminals ‘by birth’ under the Criminal Tribes Act (1871) during the colonial regime - we consider broader debates over the governing of ‘colonial’ categories, and subaltern agency and resistance in their making, as a way of interrogating the complex relationship between the ‘margins’ and the state.
{"title":"Introduction: Margins and the State—Caste, ‘Tribe’ and Criminality in South Asia","authors":"Sarah Gandee, W. Gould","doi":"10.1177/0257643020907318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643020907318","url":null,"abstract":"This introduction outlines some of the key historiographical debates concerning caste, ‘tribe’ and criminality, and their relationship to the modern state, in South Asia. Although these social categories have long, complex and often inter-related histories rooted in indigenous and precolonial ideas and institutions, they emerged most forcefully as categories of governance in the legal-political system of the colonial and postcolonial states. These categories remained highly unstable, however. There was a clear disjuncture between forms of ‘colonial’ knowledge which structured legal categorization and everyday negotiations and contestations of the same. Using the example of India’s so-called ‘criminal tribes’ - the 200 or so communities declared as criminals ‘by birth’ under the Criminal Tribes Act (1871) during the colonial regime - we consider broader debates over the governing of ‘colonial’ categories, and subaltern agency and resistance in their making, as a way of interrogating the complex relationship between the ‘margins’ and the state.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"1 1","pages":"19 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86442627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643020913157
S. Sarbadhikary
Varuni Bhatia, Unforgetting Chaitanya: Vaishnavism and Cultures of Devotion in Colonial Bengal, Oxford University Press, New York, 2017, xiii +291 pp., $105 (Hardback).
{"title":"Book review: Varuni Bhatia, Unforgetting Chaitanya: Vaishnavism and Cultures of Devotion in Colonial Bengal","authors":"S. Sarbadhikary","doi":"10.1177/0257643020913157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643020913157","url":null,"abstract":"Varuni Bhatia, Unforgetting Chaitanya: Vaishnavism and Cultures of Devotion in Colonial Bengal, Oxford University Press, New York, 2017, xiii +291 pp., $105 (Hardback).","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"31 1","pages":"132 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80369910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book review: Arupjyoti Saikia, A Century of Protests: Peasant Politics in Assam Since 1900","authors":"R. Behal","doi":"10.1177/0257643020913155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643020913155","url":null,"abstract":"Arupjyoti Saikia, A Century of Protests: Peasant Politics in Assam Since 1900, Routledge, New Delhi, 2014, 480 pp., ₹1495 (Hardback).","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"69 1","pages":"146 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81421137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643020906276
Varun Sharma
Efforts aimed at canvassing the past–present continuum of criminal tribes, though appreciable, have proven to be piecemeal, sporadic and awkward. Avoiding some characteristic pitfalls, a historical anthropology of the Pardhis of Chhattisgarh reveals how geographies that were relatively untouched by a colonial programme of criminalization before independence can become active sites of the same in the post-independence period. In avoiding either extremes of emphasizing absolute continuities or alternatively marking a putative rupture between the (colonial) past and (postcolonial) present, this article makes a case for how the colonial programme frequently mutates with/through a number of other discourses, such as regional state formation, administrative procedures, wildlife conservation, nascent ideas of tribal development, and democratic struggles, as part of its relentless movement. This article summarizes the effects of the same for the Pardhis at the level of ‘history’.
{"title":"Pardhi Criminality in Postcolonial Chhattisgarh—of Tigers, Tribals and Misfits","authors":"Varun Sharma","doi":"10.1177/0257643020906276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643020906276","url":null,"abstract":"Efforts aimed at canvassing the past–present continuum of criminal tribes, though appreciable, have proven to be piecemeal, sporadic and awkward. Avoiding some characteristic pitfalls, a historical anthropology of the Pardhis of Chhattisgarh reveals how geographies that were relatively untouched by a colonial programme of criminalization before independence can become active sites of the same in the post-independence period. In avoiding either extremes of emphasizing absolute continuities or alternatively marking a putative rupture between the (colonial) past and (postcolonial) present, this article makes a case for how the colonial programme frequently mutates with/through a number of other discourses, such as regional state formation, administrative procedures, wildlife conservation, nascent ideas of tribal development, and democratic struggles, as part of its relentless movement. This article summarizes the effects of the same for the Pardhis at the level of ‘history’.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"104 1","pages":"120 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86946487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book review: Sumbul Halim Khan, Art and Craft Workshops under the Mughals","authors":"Sanjay Subodh","doi":"10.1177/0257643020913156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643020913156","url":null,"abstract":"Sumbul Halim Khan, Art and Craft Workshops under the Mughals, Primus Books, Delhi, 2015, viii + 128 pp., ₹750 (Hardback).","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"17 1","pages":"131 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85048773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643020913142
James C. Scott
Neeladri Bhattacharya, The Great Agrarian Conquest: The Colonial Reshaping of a Rural World, Permanent Black in Association with Ashoka University, Ranikhet, 2018, xv + 522 pp., ₹1195 (hardback).
{"title":"Book review: Neeladri Bhattacharya, The Great Agrarian Conquest: The Colonial Reshaping of a Rural World","authors":"James C. Scott","doi":"10.1177/0257643020913142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643020913142","url":null,"abstract":"Neeladri Bhattacharya, The Great Agrarian Conquest: The Colonial Reshaping of a Rural World, Permanent Black in Association with Ashoka University, Ranikhet, 2018, xv + 522 pp., ₹1195 (hardback).","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"29 7","pages":"142 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0257643020913142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72523827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643019865233
Janaki Nair
Missionaries working in Mysore, as elsewhere in India, took enthusiastically to the new art of photography from the 1840s, to record their ‘views’ of the society they undertook to transform. Evangelising was, however, early on, allied with education as a way for missionaries to make their way into a complex, hierarchical society with learning traditions of its own. How did the missionary ‘see’ the Indian classroom, and invite the viewer of their photographs to participate in its narrative of ‘improvement’? What was the place of the photograph at a time when meticulous written records were kept of victories and reverses in the mission field of education? Revealing the work of the photograph in aiding missionary work must perforce begin with the more instrumentalist uses of this new art, as technologies of recording par excellence, before turning to the possible ways of looking at photographs, whether by those contemporaries of the missionaries who were physically distanced from the location, and were yet linked to their work in India, or when they formed part of the contemporary historian’s archive. Here one may exploit photography’s ‘inexhaustible invitations to deduction, speculation and fantasy’ instead of its truth-telling capacity. I am precisely posing a dynamic and perhaps even antagonistic relationship between the copious written and the sparser visual record of educational changes in Mysore in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This investigation of the visual field in the service of education also allows us also to speculate about the specific aesthetic achievements of missionary photography, with its own pedagogic goals.
{"title":"Seeing like the Missionary: An Iconography of Education in Mysore, 1840–1920","authors":"Janaki Nair","doi":"10.1177/0257643019865233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643019865233","url":null,"abstract":"Missionaries working in Mysore, as elsewhere in India, took enthusiastically to the new art of photography from the 1840s, to record their ‘views’ of the society they undertook to transform. Evangelising was, however, early on, allied with education as a way for missionaries to make their way into a complex, hierarchical society with learning traditions of its own. How did the missionary ‘see’ the Indian classroom, and invite the viewer of their photographs to participate in its narrative of ‘improvement’? What was the place of the photograph at a time when meticulous written records were kept of victories and reverses in the mission field of education? Revealing the work of the photograph in aiding missionary work must perforce begin with the more instrumentalist uses of this new art, as technologies of recording par excellence, before turning to the possible ways of looking at photographs, whether by those contemporaries of the missionaries who were physically distanced from the location, and were yet linked to their work in India, or when they formed part of the contemporary historian’s archive. Here one may exploit photography’s ‘inexhaustible invitations to deduction, speculation and fantasy’ instead of its truth-telling capacity. I am precisely posing a dynamic and perhaps even antagonistic relationship between the copious written and the sparser visual record of educational changes in Mysore in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This investigation of the visual field in the service of education also allows us also to speculate about the specific aesthetic achievements of missionary photography, with its own pedagogic goals.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"7 1","pages":"178 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85917003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1177/0257643019863934
A. Farooqui
Sabyasachi Dasgupta, In Defence of Honour and Justice: Sepoy Rebellions in the Nineteenth Century, Primus Books, Delhi, 2015, x + 143 pp., ₹795 (Hardback).
{"title":"Book review: Sabyasachi Dasgupta, In Defence of Honour and Justice: Sepoy Rebellions in the Nineteenth Century","authors":"A. Farooqui","doi":"10.1177/0257643019863934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643019863934","url":null,"abstract":"Sabyasachi Dasgupta, In Defence of Honour and Justice: Sepoy Rebellions in the Nineteenth Century, Primus Books, Delhi, 2015, x + 143 pp., ₹795 (Hardback).","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"5 1","pages":"282 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86407036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book review: Arie L. Molendijk, Friedrich Max Müller and the Sacred Books of the East","authors":"Romila Thapar","doi":"10.1177/0257643019863933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643019863933","url":null,"abstract":"Arie L. Molendijk, Friedrich Max Müller and the Sacred Books of the East, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016, 230 pp.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"15 1","pages":"280 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75363944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book review: Upinder Singh, Political Violence in Ancient India","authors":"K. Roy","doi":"10.1177/0257643019874566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0257643019874566","url":null,"abstract":"Upinder Singh, Political Violence in Ancient India, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2017, xviii + 598 pp., ₹999.","PeriodicalId":44179,"journal":{"name":"Studies in History","volume":"79 1","pages":"292 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88029653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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