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2022 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)最新文献

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Portable on-site testing system for hydrokinetic turbines 便携式水动力涡轮机现场测试系统
R. Chihaia, G. Cîrciumaru, Tanase Nicolae, A. Voina, L. El-Leathey, C. Dumitru
This paper describes the development and preliminary testing of a portable on-site testing system suitable for hydrokinetic turbines. In order to estimate the power produced by a full-scale hydrokinetic turbine in prototype phase, it is necessary to study several similar models on a progressive scale and to test them on dedicated benches, in laboratory conditions. The characterization of increased diameter rotors requires larger models that often exceed the test capabilities of the hydraulic laboratory test benches. In this case, testing should be performed on-site, in real operating conditions. In this regard, a specially designed test system that can characterize the hydrokinetic rotors with larger diameters in rivers or channels with significant velocities has to be used. The main advantages of such a testing system are that the rotors are easily swappable, the electronic and electric parts are placed outside the water and there is no need for grid connection, due to low power requirements. Thus, the system can be deployed only by using a laptop and a battery pack, making it suitable for remote areas. The purpose of the experiments described in this paper was to determine the characteristic parameters like power, mechanical torque or power coefficient for hydrokinetic rotors with same geometry but different diameters. This testing method is fast and accurate and contributes to a better understanding of horizontal axis hydrokinetic turbines.
本文介绍了一种适用于水力涡轮机的便携式现场试验系统的研制和初步试验。为了估计全尺寸水动力涡轮机在原型阶段产生的功率,有必要在一个渐进的规模上研究几个类似的模型,并在实验室条件下在专用的台架上进行测试。增加直径转子的特性需要更大的模型,往往超出了水力实验室试验台的测试能力。在这种情况下,测试应该在现场,在真实的操作条件下进行。在这方面,必须使用专门设计的测试系统,以表征具有显著速度的河流或渠道中较大直径的水动力转子。这种测试系统的主要优点是转子易于更换,电子和电气部件放置在水外,由于功率要求低,不需要电网连接。因此,只需使用笔记本电脑和电池组就可以部署该系统,使其适合偏远地区。本文的实验目的是确定具有相同几何形状但不同直径的水动力转子的功率、机械扭矩或功率系数等特征参数。这种测试方法快速准确,有助于更好地理解水平轴水动力涡轮机。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Implementation of a Remote Lab for Investigation of DC Motors 直流电机研究远程实验室的设计与实现
T. Nenov, B. Evstatiev, S. Kadirova
The last two years and the COVID-19 situation showed the need to ensure sustainable engineering education via the use of virtual and remote laboratories. The aim of the article is to design a laboratory model for studying the characteristics of DC electric motors. The implementation is based on different well know solutions, such as Raspberry PI, ESP32, power modules and sensor. The communication is based on the TCP/IP protocol and the control of the power modules is implemented using PWM. The IoT implementation of the lab is based on the Home Assistant platform, which allows monitoring and control of remote devices. The study also presents the schematic diagram of the virtual laboratory system, which allows to explain and substantiate the role and behavior of each component.
过去两年和2019冠状病毒病疫情表明,有必要通过使用虚拟和远程实验室来确保可持续的工程教育。本文的目的是设计一个用于研究直流电机特性的实验室模型。实现是基于不同的众所周知的解决方案,如树莓派,ESP32,电源模块和传感器。通信基于TCP/IP协议,电源模块的控制采用PWM控制。实验室的物联网实施基于家庭助理平台,该平台允许远程设备的监控和控制。该研究还提出了虚拟实验室系统的示意图,允许解释和证实每个组件的作用和行为。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Analysis of Pulse Methods for DC Motor Control 直流电机脉冲控制方法的比较分析
S. Ivanov, Y. Ivanova
In this article comparative analysis of the results of research of two methods for pulse control of a DC brush motor is made. A control circuit with addition of energy in control pulses for the motor anchor winding has been designed. The results of experimental researches of consumed electric power, output mechanical power and efficiency in the conventional method and in the method with addition of energy are presented. It has been realized theoretical analysis of transients in the control pulses for the motor in both control methods.
本文对直流电刷电机脉冲控制的两种方法的研究结果进行了比较分析。设计了一种在控制脉冲中加入能量的电机锚绕组控制电路。介绍了常规法和加能法的耗电量、输出机械功率和效率的实验研究结果。实现了两种控制方法对电机控制脉冲暂态的理论分析。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency Improvement of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles by Better Utilization of Inertia 利用惯性提高电动和混合动力汽车的效率
V. Keseev
The global climate changes require the setting of high and hard to attain environmental goals and every technological improvement is a step towards achieving them. Transport is one of the biggest polluters. Electric and hybrid cars together with renewable energy sources have the potential to ameliorate the transport ecology, but they still have shortcomings that can be improved. An analysis of the functioning of modern electric and hybrid vehicles, concerning inertia utilization, has been done. The conclusion is that the inertia is not used properly and thus the energy or fuel consumptions deteriorate. Тhe proposed solution has the potential to significantly improve the energy and fuel consumptions of electric and hybrid vehicles, and their operating costs, to extend the expensive battery lives and the run per battery charge of electric vehicles.
全球气候变化要求制定高而难以实现的环境目标,每一次技术改进都是朝着实现这些目标迈出的一步。交通运输是最大的污染源之一。电动和混合动力汽车与可再生能源一起有可能改善交通生态,但它们仍然有可以改进的缺点。从惯性利用的角度分析了现代电动和混合动力汽车的功能。结论是惯性使用不当,从而导致能量或燃料消耗恶化。Тhe提出的解决方案有可能显著改善电动和混合动力汽车的能源和燃料消耗,以及它们的运营成本,延长昂贵的电池寿命和电动汽车的每次充电的运行时间。
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引用次数: 0
Bioconversion of Lemna sp and Nejayote into Biogas as a starting point for agrowaste 作为农业废弃物处理起点的Lemna sp和Nejayote生物转化为沼气
Pabel A. Cervantes-Avilés, Valeria Sanchez-Velazquez, J. Gutiérrez-Uribe, G. Cuevas-Rodríguez
Agrowaste has some issues such as management or disposal in the transformation industry of corn and pig farms. Sub-products obtention from waste of both industries can represent an opportunity if processes are technically and economically feasible. In this study, bioconversion of Lemna sp and Nejayote in biogas via anaerobic digestion was evaluated at short term as function of biogas production, as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total solid (TS) removal. Lemna sp was collected from a pond system applied for wastewater treatment of pig farms, while Nejayote, the wastewater generated in the nixtamalization process of corn, was collected in a local corn processing store. Results indicated that the digesters with Lemna sp generated up to 32% higher biogas than that for Nejayote. This is also reflected in the biogas yield obtained, 0.31 L of biogas/ g COD and 0.46 L of biogas/ g COD for Nejayote and Lemna sp, respectively. Regarding biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal, the evaluation of the substrates indicated a greater removal of BOD present in the reactors with Lemna sp, reaching an average of 79% of BOD removed in 120 h, for a 37% removal in the reactors with Nejayote. On the other hand, an increase in the concentration of total COD was observed in both substrates, demonstrating the potential solubilization of the particulate material present in both substrates. Although the Lemna sp reactors increased the concentration of TS, a fraction may be attributable to the development of microorganisms typical of anaerobic digestion. On the contrary, in the case of digesters with Nejayote, a decrease in TVS and an increase in COD are observed simultaneously. This could be due to increase is closely related to the hydrolysis of the organic material present in the anaerobic digesters. In general, methanogenic viability were more suitable for the Lemna sp conversion at the conditions applied and the same COD load of both substrates.
农用废弃物在玉米养殖场和养猪场的转化产业中存在管理或处置等问题。如果工艺在技术和经济上可行,从两个行业的废物中获得子产品可以代表一个机会。在本研究中,通过厌氧消化短期内评价了Lemna sp和Nejayote在沼气中的生物转化作用,以及化学需氧量(COD)和总固体(TS)的去除率。Lemna sp收集自养猪场污水处理的池塘系统,而Nejayote收集自玉米硝化过程中产生的废水。结果表明,与Nejayote沼气池相比,Lemna sp沼气池的沼气产生量高出32%。这也反映在得到的沼气产量上,Nejayote和Lemna sp分别为0.31 L和0.46 L沼气/ g COD。在生化需氧量(BOD)去除率方面,对底物的评价表明,Lemna sp反应器对BOD的去除率更高,在120 h内平均达到79%的BOD去除率,而Nejayote反应器的去除率为37%。另一方面,在两种底物中观察到总COD浓度的增加,表明存在于两种底物中的颗粒物质具有潜在的增溶作用。虽然Lemna sp反应器增加了TS的浓度,但一部分可能归因于典型厌氧消化微生物的发展。相反,在使用Nejayote的沼气池中,可以同时观察到TVS的降低和COD的增加。这可能是由于增加与存在于厌氧消化器中的有机物质的水解密切相关。总的来说,在相同的COD负荷条件下,两种基质的产甲烷活性更适合于Lemna sp的转化。
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引用次数: 0
Solar-thermal collector energy optimisation based on optimum input temperature mode 基于最优输入温度模式的太阳能集热器能量优化
Talpiga Mugurel Florin, Iordache Florin
This paper present a mathematical model to find the optimum input temperature of a solar-thermal collector for a known set of climate data, using solar radiation and external temperature over the hot and cold period of the year. In the study, is presented the mathematical model of solar-thermal collector functionality over the day coupled with a thermal storage tank and a mixing valve, able to prepare the optimal temperature of thermal agent from the system. The optimum temperature of thermal agent at input plug of solar system is evaluated based on solar radiation and temperature of eternal air to take the maximum of renewable energy. In the modeling a prestudy of solar-thermal collector functionality is driven to propose the efficiency and functionality state chart of solar-thermal collector for specific climate data.
本文提出了一个数学模型,利用一年中冷热期的太阳辐射和外部温度,针对一组已知的气候数据,找到太阳能集热器的最佳输入温度。在研究中,提出了太阳能集热器全天功能的数学模型,并结合蓄热罐和混合阀,能够从系统中制备最佳温度的热剂。为了最大限度地利用可再生能源,根据太阳辐射和永恒空气温度,确定了太阳能系统输入插头热剂的最佳温度。在建模过程中,对太阳能集热器的功能进行了预研究,提出了针对特定气候数据的太阳能集热器效率和功能状态图。
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引用次数: 0
Traction Motor Drive of Electrical Vehicle: Types, Performances and Control 电动汽车牵引电机驱动:类型、性能与控制
N. Djagarov
The development, improvement and use of electric vehicles is one of the fastest growing areas of electrical engineering. This is due to their undoubted qualities and environmental requirements. One of the most important elements of electric cars is the traction motor drive. The article reviews types, performances and control drives. The main parameters, characteristics of electrical drives are considered, indicating their advantages and disadvantages, their use in different types of cars. Particular attention is paid to the methods and means of control of electrical drives, which largely determines the control characteristics of the electric vehicle, their efficiency and their mileage.
电动汽车的开发、改进和使用是电气工程中发展最快的领域之一。这是由于它们无可置疑的品质和环境要求。电动汽车最重要的组成部分之一是牵引电动机驱动。本文综述了类型、性能和控制驱动器。考虑了电驱动的主要参数,特点,表明了它们的优点和缺点,它们在不同类型的汽车中的使用。特别注意的是电驱动的控制方法和手段,这在很大程度上决定了电动汽车的控制特性、效率和行驶里程。
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引用次数: 2
Impact of the method of air suction on the energy efficiency of fan systems 吸风方式对风机系统能效的影响
G. Popov, K. Klimentov, B. Kostov
The paper presents methods for improving the energy efficiency of fan systems using elements installed at the inlet of the suction pipe, in order to smoothly reduce the air flow to the relevant pipe sizes. Two cases are studied - when the suction is performed from "Unlimited space", as well as from limited space in the presence of a transverse wall. An indicator (coefficient kE) used to quantify the rate of improvement of the system energy efficiency by installing a suction element, evaluating what part is the particular improvement of energy efficiency based on the air suction pressure losses without installing an inlet body for improving suction, has been established. When using a suction cone, it is recommended that the taper angle be about 60o and a relative length L /D of not less than 0.2. Under these conditions, the reduction in inlet pressure losses is up to 0.9 compared to those without a suction cone installed. When using a smooth inlet, it is recommended that the relative radius should be R/D>0.1. For both studied methods of suction (from an unrestricted medium and from a transverse wall) the coefficient kE has values around 0.9.
本文介绍了利用安装在吸入管入口处的元件来提高风机系统能效的方法,以便顺利地将气流减少到相关的管道尺寸。研究了两种情况-从“无限空间”进行吸力,以及从存在横壁的有限空间进行吸力。建立了一个指标(系数kE),用于量化通过安装吸力元件来提高系统能效的速度,在不安装改善吸力的入口体的情况下,根据空气吸入压力损失来评估哪部分是特别提高能效的部分。使用吸锥时,建议锥度角约为60度,相对长度L /D不小于0.2。在这些条件下,与没有安装吸锥的情况相比,进口压力损失降低了0.9。当使用光滑进气道时,建议相对半径为R/D>0.1。对于所研究的两种吸力方法(来自不受限制的介质和来自横向壁面),系数kE的值都在0.9左右。
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引用次数: 0
Possibilities for Reduction of Variable Losses in Induction Motors 减少感应电动机可变损耗的可能性
M. Hristova, Vyara Ruseva, Anka Krasteva
This paper analyses ways of increasing the energy efficiency of induction motors that are related to reducing electrical losses in the stator winding, electrical losses in the rotor winding and additional losses. Techniques employed for reducing the rotor winding resistance with the purpose of reducing the electrical losses are presented. A study of the existing methods for calculating the additional losses in induction motors is conducted and solutions for the reduction of such losses are proposed.
本文从降低定子绕组的电损耗、转子绕组的电损耗和附加损耗三个方面分析了提高异步电动机能效的途径。提出了减少转子绕组电阻以减少电损耗的技术。对现有的感应电动机附加损耗的计算方法进行了研究,并提出了减少这种损耗的解决方案。
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引用次数: 1
Machine Learning for Automation of Warehouse Activities 仓库活动自动化的机器学习
V. Hristov, D. Slavov, I. Damyanov, G. Mladenov
This paper presents machine learning approaches for automation of activities in warehouses. Integrating machine learning in supply chain management can help automate a number of mundane tasks and allow enterprises to focus on more strategic and impactful business activities. The various machine learning models presented are designed to work with low-cost hardware. The models were studied with different sizes of the input data and the most appropriate ones were selected according to set criteria. Their ability to run on Raspberry Pi single-board computer has been explored and performance characteristics in inference mode have been experimentally established.
本文介绍了用于仓库活动自动化的机器学习方法。将机器学习集成到供应链管理中可以帮助实现许多日常任务的自动化,并使企业能够专注于更具战略性和影响力的业务活动。提出的各种机器学习模型旨在与低成本硬件一起工作。对不同大小的输入数据进行模型研究,并根据设定的标准选择最合适的模型。它们在树莓派单板计算机上的运行能力已经被探索,并且在推理模式下的性能特征已经被实验建立。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2022 8th International Conference on Energy Efficiency and Agricultural Engineering (EE&AE)
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