The article is a study of collective action frames created during the union organizing campaign of the precariat in Polish non-governmental organizations. NGOs are paradigm precarious working environments with a great share of atypical employment relations, voluntary work and blurred work-life boundaries. Trade union used the frame of the precariat to reach workers of such organizations but during framing contest NGO managers intercepted the frame. Despite their power advantage within organizations, managers’ working conditions were precarious, too. Dynamics of the case shows dangers of using extended frames, such as the precariat, in organizing precarious sectors. The very concept of the precariat obscures conflict and power inequalities within organizations.
{"title":"We’re in this Together:Framing Contest over the Precariat in the Third Sector in Poland","authors":"Alicja Palęcka, Piotr P. Płucienniczak","doi":"10.26412/PSR212.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR212.05","url":null,"abstract":"The article is a study of collective action frames created during the union organizing campaign of the precariat in Polish non-governmental organizations. NGOs are paradigm precarious working environments with a great share of atypical employment relations, voluntary work and blurred work-life boundaries. Trade union used the frame of the precariat to reach workers of such organizations but during framing contest NGO managers intercepted the frame. Despite their power advantage within organizations, managers’ working conditions were precarious, too. Dynamics of the case shows dangers of using extended frames, such as the precariat, in organizing precarious sectors. The very concept of the precariat obscures conflict and power inequalities within organizations.","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"212 1","pages":"461-476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49612737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To date, women are under-represented in most positions of authority, including sport leadership, not only in Poland, but also in most countries worldwide. Until recently, there has been no research on gendering of positions within Polish sports federations. The presented analysis employs Acker’s theory of gendered organization (1990, 1992) to explore professional experiences of men and women in positions of sport leadership in Polish national sports federations. The findings, based on 24 in-depth interviews, revealed that gender-based practices maintain gender imbalance in the studied organizations. The studied male leaders demonstrated a significant degree of sexism in their statements and justified gender inequalities by referring to biological essentialism. Further, the assumptions regarding masculinities as associated with leadership positions, liminal gender awareness and gender role stereotyping are the major obstacles faced by women in Polish national sports federations.
{"title":"“The Top is Always Reserved for Men”:Gendering of Leadership Positions in Polish Sports Federations","authors":"Natalia Organista","doi":"10.26412/PSR212.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR212.07","url":null,"abstract":"To date, women are under-represented in most positions of authority, including sport leadership, not only in Poland, but also in most countries worldwide. Until recently, there has been no research on gendering of positions within Polish sports federations. The presented analysis employs Acker’s theory of gendered organization (1990, 1992) to explore professional experiences of men and women in positions of sport leadership in Polish national sports federations. The findings, based on 24 in-depth interviews, revealed that gender-based practices maintain gender imbalance in the studied organizations. The studied male leaders demonstrated a significant degree of sexism in their statements and justified gender inequalities by referring to biological essentialism. Further, the assumptions regarding masculinities as associated with leadership positions, liminal gender awareness and gender role stereotyping are the major obstacles faced by women in Polish national sports federations.","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"212 1","pages":"497-516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47132294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Dark Triad Traits and Problematic Internet Use:Their Structure and Relations","authors":"M. Jablonska, R. Zajdel","doi":"10.26412/PSR212.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR212.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"212 1","pages":"477-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42463321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modernization discourses which penetrated into Poland after the systemic transitions of 1989 brought meanings that were in opposition to those embedded in the traditional models of interpersonal relations. Although the emergence of new meanings pertaining to asymmetrical social relations is typical for societies undergoing structural and cultural transformation, in the case of Poland these shifts have advanced rapidly, especially in comparison with the Western societies. This resulted in the fragmentation of the doxa—the set of taken-forgranted assumptions about the ‘natural’ shape of interpersonal relations. Due to this ‘responsible actors’ whose social roles have been so far based on authority have been affected by a loss of the sense of control over their basic social relations, i.e. the relations through which they define their identity and/or appoint life goals. Using qualitative evidence from Poland we analyze interpersonal relations in two domains of social life, i.e. work and family, in order to identify interactional operations through which the ‘responsible actors’ (managers and parents) attempt to regain control over interaction partners. Comparison across two different fields of social life offers an in-depth insight into the general dynamics of control restoring operations, and the key role of emotion management in this process.
{"title":"Struggling with Emotions in Times of Social Change:Control Restoring Operations in the Workplace and the Family","authors":"Maja Sawicka, M. Sikorska","doi":"10.26412/PSR212.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR212.02","url":null,"abstract":"Modernization discourses which penetrated into Poland after the systemic transitions of 1989 brought meanings that were in opposition to those embedded in the traditional models of interpersonal relations. Although the emergence of new meanings pertaining to asymmetrical social relations is typical for societies undergoing structural and cultural transformation, in the case of Poland these shifts have advanced rapidly, especially in comparison with the Western societies. This resulted in the fragmentation of the doxa—the set of taken-forgranted assumptions about the ‘natural’ shape of interpersonal relations. Due to this ‘responsible actors’ whose social roles have been so far based on authority have been affected by a loss of the sense of control over their basic social relations, i.e. the relations through which they define their identity and/or appoint life goals. Using qualitative evidence from Poland we analyze interpersonal relations in two domains of social life, i.e. work and family, in order to identify interactional operations through which the ‘responsible actors’ (managers and parents) attempt to regain control over interaction partners. Comparison across two different fields of social life offers an in-depth insight into the general dynamics of control restoring operations, and the key role of emotion management in this process.","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"212 1","pages":"411-424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45183825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gift and the Coefficient of Sociability Relational Sociology and the Anti-Utilitarian Movement in the Social Sciences","authors":"E. Hałas","doi":"10.26412/PSR212.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR212.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"212 1","pages":"399-410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48945198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines a hypothesis that there is a negative correlation between the activity in social organizations and the support for the welfare state. The hypothesis was inspired by the study showing a reinforcing effect of welfare spending on social capital indicators and a negative substitution effect on informal solidarity (van Oorschot, Arts and Halman 2005). The analysis was performed using data from the 2008/2016 European Social Survey, taking into consideration additional sociodemographic variables. The results revealed a lack of correlation between the associational activity and the support for the welfare state, and a relatively coherent pattern of impact of the control variables on associational activity.
本文检验了社会组织活动与福利国家支持之间存在负相关关系的假设。该假设的灵感来自于一项研究，该研究显示福利支出对社会资本指标的强化效应和对非正式团结的负替代效应(van Oorschot, Arts and Halman 2005)。该分析使用了2008/2016年欧洲社会调查的数据，并考虑了其他社会人口变量。结果显示，联想活动与福利国家的支持之间缺乏相关性，而控制变量对联想活动的影响相对连贯。
{"title":"Attitudes Towards the Welfare State and Associational Involvementin Europe. Comparative Analysis","authors":"T. Masłyk, Tomasz Piróg","doi":"10.26412/PSR212.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR212.04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines a hypothesis that there is a negative correlation between the activity in social organizations and the support for the welfare state. The hypothesis was inspired by the study showing a reinforcing effect of welfare spending on social capital indicators and a negative substitution effect on informal solidarity (van Oorschot, Arts and Halman 2005). The analysis was performed using data from the 2008/2016 European Social Survey, taking into consideration additional sociodemographic variables. The results revealed a lack of correlation between the associational activity and the support for the welfare state, and a relatively coherent pattern of impact of the control variables on associational activity.","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"212 1","pages":"445-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43838340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of the electoral system on turnout, moderated by political knowledge. Following the introduction of the FPTP system to some city councils in the 2014 elections, we used a quasi-experimental design to compare two sets of economically, socially and culturally similar cities, chosen using the Propensity Score Matching method. Data from two waves of a survey with residents, city councillors and local social leaders after the 2014 local elections showed that, despite widespread public debates, knowledge about the electoral system was very low. The results proved that, although the level of political knowledge was higher in the FPTP system than in the PR system, the turnout in the former was lower, even when controlled by political knowledge. However, the joint impact of the electoral system and political knowledge on turnout was mixed, and depended on the method of measuring political knowledge.
{"title":"Electoral System, Political Knowledge and Voter Turnout—Complex Liaisons","authors":"Agnieszka Kwiatkowska, M. Cześnik","doi":"10.26412/PSR212.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR212.03","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact of the electoral system on turnout, moderated by political knowledge. Following the introduction of the FPTP system to some city councils in the 2014 elections, we used a quasi-experimental design to compare two sets of economically, socially and culturally similar cities, chosen using the Propensity Score Matching method. Data from two waves of a survey with residents, city councillors and local social leaders after the 2014 local elections showed that, despite widespread public debates, knowledge about the electoral system was very low. The results proved that, although the level of political knowledge was higher in the FPTP system than in the PR system, the turnout in the former was lower, even when controlled by political knowledge. However, the joint impact of the electoral system and political knowledge on turnout was mixed, and depended on the method of measuring political knowledge.","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"212 1","pages":"425-444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46408473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital “Putting-out System”—an Old New Method of Workin Platform Economy","authors":"Bartosz Mika","doi":"10.26412/PSR211.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR211.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"48 11-12","pages":"265-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41303170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. R. Stempień, Małgorzata Stańczyk, Jarosław Tokarski, M. Tkaczyk
This article discusses a survey to investigate the problem of the health literacy of leisure runners. The survey was conducted in 2016 in Poland among 963 participants of the DOZ Marathon Lodz with PZU [Polish Insurance Company] . A specially developed scale for measuring the participants’ level of health literacy (−3, 23 points) was used, and the survey answers were evaluated by medical doctors. As the average score was 3.16, the surveyed population was shown to lack information about the medical and health consequences of running. The people who were relatively better informed were women and younger runners (and additionally single runners and those not active on the labor market). An unexpected finding was that social-class affiliation, educational level, and advancement in running ability had a low degree of influence on the health knowledge of the surveyed runners. The conclusion is that a health-related motivation to train in the sport of running (which was declared to be a key factor in many studies) is grounded in common knowledge, while the majority of leisure runners are unacquainted with the actual risks and benefits of running.
{"title":"Running for Health? Polish Long-Distance Leisure Runnersand the Problem of Health Literacy","authors":"J. R. Stempień, Małgorzata Stańczyk, Jarosław Tokarski, M. Tkaczyk","doi":"10.26412/PSR211.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR211.07","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses a survey to investigate the problem of the health literacy of leisure runners. The survey was conducted in 2016 in Poland among 963 participants of the DOZ Marathon Lodz with PZU [Polish Insurance Company] . A specially developed scale for measuring the participants’ level of health literacy (−3, 23 points) was used, and the survey answers were evaluated by medical doctors. As the average score was 3.16, the surveyed population was shown to lack information about the medical and health consequences of running. The people who were relatively better informed were women and younger runners (and additionally single runners and those not active on the labor market). An unexpected finding was that social-class affiliation, educational level, and advancement in running ability had a low degree of influence on the health knowledge of the surveyed runners. The conclusion is that a health-related motivation to train in the sport of running (which was declared to be a key factor in many studies) is grounded in common knowledge, while the majority of leisure runners are unacquainted with the actual risks and benefits of running.","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"211 1","pages":"379-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44173313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biocommunism and its Role as it Overcomes Biopolitics","authors":"S. Wróbel","doi":"10.26412/PSR211.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR211.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"211 1","pages":"301-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48326158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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