The article aims to characterise the variety of processes andmechanisms of nature commodification from a sociological perspective. Its general theoretical framework is based on Karl Polanyi’s The Great Transformation and the economic-sociological theory of ownership, on the basis of which the social, economic and political determinants, actual modalities, and especially the intended and unintended social and ecological consequences and paradoxes of the processes of nature commodification and decommodification are analysed. This analysis (running across unilateral typologies and approaches), tries to go beyond the narrow and one-sided characteristics of complex practices of human impact on nature, taking into account both their positive and negative consequences where the robbery policy of conquering nature is mixed with attempts of protecting it. The general theoretical argument is illustrated by concrete examples and in particular by Poland’s experiences, both from the period of real socialism and the post-socialist transformation.
{"title":"On the Multiple Varieties,Consequences and Paradoxes of the Commodification of Nature","authors":"M. Ziółkowski, M. Baranowski, Rafał Drozdowski","doi":"10.26412/PSR211.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR211.02","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims to characterise the variety of processes andmechanisms of nature commodification from a sociological perspective. Its general theoretical framework is based on Karl Polanyi’s The Great Transformation and the economic-sociological theory of ownership, on the basis of which the social, economic and political determinants, actual modalities, and especially the intended and unintended social and ecological consequences and paradoxes of the processes of nature commodification and decommodification are analysed. This analysis (running across unilateral typologies and approaches), tries to go beyond the narrow and one-sided characteristics of complex practices of human impact on nature, taking into account both their positive and negative consequences where the robbery policy of conquering nature is mixed with attempts of protecting it. The general theoretical argument is illustrated by concrete examples and in particular by Poland’s experiences, both from the period of real socialism and the post-socialist transformation.","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"211 1","pages":"281-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41562571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sociological Aspects of the Statistical Research Process:Toward a Sociology of Public Statistics","authors":"W. Okrasa","doi":"10.26412/PSR211.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR211.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"211 1","pages":"323-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45809071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article deals with corruption and trust in the public administration of nine countries of the former Western bloc and neutral states, which underwent different institutional development compared to post-communist countries, which were susceptible to corruption due to a strongly centralized public administration with complex decision-making processes and the considerable power of officials. Despite the different institutional development of the public administration in Western countries, these countries are not always perceived by the public as trustworthy and not corrupt. This article reveals that in countries like Switzerland, Norway, and Finland, civil servants are perceived by the public as rather trustworthy and not corrupt, whereas in countries like Spain and France, the opposite is true. Using statistical methods, this article also demonstrates that the perception of the involvement of civil servants in corruption and their unequal treatment of citizens diminishes their trust in the eyes of the public. The experience of respondents with bribery on the part of civil servants reduces confidence in the public administration in only two states. In the other seven, this variable was statistically insignificant.
{"title":"Where Have All the Non-Corrupt Civil Servants Gone?Corruption and Trust in Public Administrationin European Countries","authors":"M. Školník","doi":"10.26412/PSR211.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR211.05","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with corruption and trust in the public administration of nine countries of the former Western bloc and neutral states, which underwent different institutional development compared to post-communist countries, which were susceptible to corruption due to a strongly centralized public administration with complex decision-making processes and the considerable power of officials. Despite the different institutional development of the public administration in Western countries, these countries are not always perceived by the public as trustworthy and not corrupt. This article reveals that in countries like Switzerland, Norway, and Finland, civil servants are perceived by the public as rather trustworthy and not corrupt, whereas in countries like Spain and France, the opposite is true. Using statistical methods, this article also demonstrates that the perception of the involvement of civil servants in corruption and their unequal treatment of citizens diminishes their trust in the eyes of the public. The experience of respondents with bribery on the part of civil servants reduces confidence in the public administration in only two states. In the other seven, this variable was statistically insignificant.","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"211 1","pages":"345-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43664514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a part of the European Statistical System, a general concept of measuring the quality of life was presented, defining its dimensions and partial indicators. The methodological objective of the study is to operationalize the measurement of subjective well-being(SW-B). The proposed method of measuring SW-B is based on the above concept, while incorporating the Sen’s capabilities approach. The operationalization was performed using the MIMIC model. This model incorporates both observable functionings (SW-B indicators) and sociodemographic characteristics of individuals (conversion factors). The two sets of variables are linked through the latent capabilities, which are interpreted as the SW-Bmeasures. Empirical analysis of the SW-B in Poland in 2015 was conducted using EU-SILC data. Characteristics influencing the SW-B were identified. The SW-B depends mostly on self-perceived health and material deprivation. Moreover, higher values of SW-B were observed for those who work, have 1–2 children and are highly educated.
{"title":"Measurement of Subjective Well-being under Capability Approachin Poland","authors":"J. Zwierzchowski, T. Panek","doi":"10.26412/PSR210.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR210.02","url":null,"abstract":"As a part of the European Statistical System, a general concept of measuring the quality of life was presented, defining its dimensions and partial indicators. The methodological objective of the study is to operationalize the measurement of subjective well-being(SW-B). The proposed method of measuring SW-B is based on the above concept, while incorporating the Sen’s capabilities approach. The operationalization was performed using the MIMIC model. This model incorporates both observable functionings (SW-B indicators) and sociodemographic characteristics of individuals (conversion factors). The two sets of variables are linked through the latent capabilities, which are interpreted as the SW-Bmeasures. Empirical analysis of the SW-B in Poland in 2015 was conducted using EU-SILC data. Characteristics influencing the SW-B were identified. The SW-B depends mostly on self-perceived health and material deprivation. Moreover, higher values of SW-B were observed for those who work, have 1–2 children and are highly educated.","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"210 1","pages":"157-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41721639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many scholars today share a view of relational sociology as a processual-transactional approach whose basic tenet is the fluid, relativistic, contingent, transactional character of social relations. They invite sociologists to see our so-called objects (societies, institutions, social patterns, conflicts, social movements, social classes, etc.) in a processual way. In this contribution the author objects that relationalism offers a reductive vision of social reality, because it supports a flat social ontology rather than a stratified social ontology. Relationalism reduces relationships to pure flows, considering structures as purely contingent, while relational sociology attributes a structure to relationships and gives autonomy to structures, even if they are produced by processes. We have to distinguish between different orders of reality: the processual-interactional (relationalist) and the relational orders. To see all of this, it is necessary to assume a relational gaze that is only possible if a supra-functional, morphogenetic framework is adopted.
{"title":"Fluxes and Structures: Which Relational Gaze?A Comparison between Relational Sociologies","authors":"P. Donati","doi":"10.26412/PSR210.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR210.03","url":null,"abstract":"Many scholars today share a view of relational sociology as a processual-transactional approach whose basic tenet is the fluid, relativistic, contingent, transactional character of social relations. They invite sociologists to see our so-called objects (societies, institutions, social patterns, conflicts, social movements, social classes, etc.) in a processual way. In this contribution the author objects that relationalism offers a reductive vision of social reality, because it supports a flat social ontology rather than a stratified social ontology. Relationalism reduces relationships to pure flows, considering structures as purely contingent, while relational sociology attributes a structure to relationships and gives autonomy to structures, even if they are produced by processes. We have to distinguish between different orders of reality: the processual-interactional (relationalist) and the relational orders. To see all of this, it is necessary to assume a relational gaze that is only possible if a supra-functional, morphogenetic framework is adopted.","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"210 1","pages":"179-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48036477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poland is currently experiencing a growth in the number of humanist marriages: strongly individualized, mostly secular unions. So far, the described phenomenon has been analysed mainly through the prism of many different dimensions like secularity, class stratification or the resistance of minorities against the hegemony of the Roman Catholic Church. It seems that the nature of humanist ceremonies has been taken for granted, and that researchers, in their analyses, merely considered these to be rites of passage. In this paper, I ask questions not only about the content of the ceremonies, but also about their forms. I consider these two elements as integral. I put forward the claim that humanist marriages are a hybrid phenomenon, and thus the category of ‘social performance’ added to the category of ‘ritual’ opens up new analytical tracks and enables, to a greater extent, a more precise identification of the innovative character of these ceremonies.
{"title":"Between Ritual and Performance.Humanist Marriage Ceremonies in Poland","authors":"Agata Rejowska","doi":"10.26412/PSR210.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR210.07","url":null,"abstract":"Poland is currently experiencing a growth in the number of humanist marriages: strongly individualized, mostly secular unions. So far, the described phenomenon has been analysed mainly through the prism of many different dimensions like secularity, class stratification or the resistance of minorities against the hegemony of the Roman Catholic Church. It seems that the nature of humanist ceremonies has been taken for granted, and that researchers, in their analyses, merely considered these to be rites of passage. In this paper, I ask questions not only about the content of the ceremonies, but also about their forms. I consider these two elements as integral. I put forward the claim that humanist marriages are a hybrid phenomenon, and thus the category of ‘social performance’ added to the category of ‘ritual’ opens up new analytical tracks and enables, to a greater extent, a more precise identification of the innovative character of these ceremonies.","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"210 1","pages":"245-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42269358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reviews the genesis of ethnically motivated control in the nineteenth-century Russian Empire. We determined that people of Polish descent were the main target of the earliest examples of the practice of such types of control. “Watching the Poles” differed from classic police surveillance and was closer to more modern intelligence practices: an entire category of population, rather than specific individuals, were being controlled. The practice was not passive either; it involved the Imperial government’s active intrusion into the private lives of people of Polish descent. This allows us to view the Empire’s attitude toward Poles as an early example of population policy and control over the Poles as one of the tools of executing this policy in practice.
{"title":"The Genesis of Ethnically Motivated Control in Russia:Keeping Watch on the Poles in the Nineteenth Century","authors":"K. Grigoreva","doi":"10.26412/PSR210.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR210.04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews the genesis of ethnically motivated control in the nineteenth-century Russian Empire. We determined that people of Polish descent were the main target of the earliest examples of the practice of such types of control. “Watching the Poles” differed from classic police surveillance and was closer to more modern intelligence practices: an entire category of population, rather than specific individuals, were being controlled. The practice was not passive either; it involved the Imperial government’s active intrusion into the private lives of people of Polish descent. This allows us to view the Empire’s attitude toward Poles as an early example of population policy and control over the Poles as one of the tools of executing this policy in practice.","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"210 1","pages":"199-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46148763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The coronavirus pandemic has shaken the world and its long shadow will remain with us for many years It is presenting humanity with incredible challenges, which coincide with other negative mega-trends The enormous costs of the pandemic will only be known ex post While some people will have lost nothing, others will have lost everything-sometimes even their lives The heterogeneous, post-pandemic future will follow many paths, with the position of highly developed countries becoming relatively weaker Tensions between the US and China will increase;geopolitics will change The confrontation between democracy and authoritarianism will intensify;the synergy of the market and the state will be transformed It will be particularly dangerous to view two sides of the same counterfeit coin as alternatives: neoliberal capitalism versus populist capitalism The chance for a better future could be created by a gradual transition to a new pragmatism, a strategy of moderation in economic matters, and a development that is sustainable on three levels-economic, social, and ecological The pandemic is also an immense challenge for the social sciences because old ways of thinking will often prove useless in analyzing and explaining new situations
{"title":"After the Calamity: Economics and Politics in the Post-Pandemic World","authors":"G. Kolodko","doi":"10.26412/PSR210.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR210.01","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus pandemic has shaken the world and its long shadow will remain with us for many years It is presenting humanity with incredible challenges, which coincide with other negative mega-trends The enormous costs of the pandemic will only be known ex post While some people will have lost nothing, others will have lost everything-sometimes even their lives The heterogeneous, post-pandemic future will follow many paths, with the position of highly developed countries becoming relatively weaker Tensions between the US and China will increase;geopolitics will change The confrontation between democracy and authoritarianism will intensify;the synergy of the market and the state will be transformed It will be particularly dangerous to view two sides of the same counterfeit coin as alternatives: neoliberal capitalism versus populist capitalism The chance for a better future could be created by a gradual transition to a new pragmatism, a strategy of moderation in economic matters, and a development that is sustainable on three levels-economic, social, and ecological The pandemic is also an immense challenge for the social sciences because old ways of thinking will often prove useless in analyzing and explaining new situations","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"210 1","pages":"137-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47658997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using previously established knowledge about survey mode preferences distribution in a population can be one of many ways of improving representativeness and quality of data gathered by survey research. Apart from mode preference existence and stability, the main problem concerns the question: which of the sources of information about mode preference could be treated as trustworthy. Because real observed choices are typically treated as better predictors of future choices than declaration only, this paper tries to answer the question: ‘Are the declarations a good predictor of preference in comparison to real choices?’ For this purpose, it uses combined data from 1) the 2015 Polish mixed-mode ESS experiment and 2) data from ESS8 in Poland. The multinomial logistic regression survey preference model includes socio-demographic variables accompanied by declaration/choice control variable. The results suggest significant differences between choices/declarations. Findings could be used to refine the contact strategies used in surveys.
{"title":"Declarative and Behavioral Data in PredictingRespondents Survey Mode Preference","authors":"A. Rybak","doi":"10.26412/PSR210.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26412/PSR210.05","url":null,"abstract":"Using previously established knowledge about survey mode preferences distribution in a population can be one of many ways of improving representativeness and quality of data gathered by survey research. Apart from mode preference existence and stability, the main problem concerns the question: which of the sources of information about mode preference could be treated as trustworthy. Because real observed choices are typically treated as better predictors of future choices than declaration only, this paper tries to answer the question: ‘Are the declarations a good predictor of preference in comparison to real choices?’ For this purpose, it uses combined data from 1) the 2015 Polish mixed-mode ESS experiment and 2) data from ESS8 in Poland. The multinomial logistic regression survey preference model includes socio-demographic variables accompanied by declaration/choice control variable. The results suggest significant differences between choices/declarations. Findings could be used to refine the contact strategies used in surveys.","PeriodicalId":44204,"journal":{"name":"Polish Sociological Review","volume":"210 1","pages":"219-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46591460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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