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Jouer la carte catalane? Un estudio de la presencia económica francesa en Cataluña, 1939-1975 打加泰罗尼亚牌?对1939-1975年法国在加泰罗尼亚的经济存在的研究
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1344/RHI.V26I70.21671
E. S. Sánchez, Marc Prat Sabartés
During the Francoist period, many representatives of the French political and economic milieu underlined the big differences that, in their view, separated Catalonia from the rest of Spain. Did these perceptions have real consequences in the field of economic relations? We are particularly interested in testing if France had more intense or somehow specific relations —in the spheres of technology, investment, trade, tourism and migration— with Catalonia than with Spain as a whole. We examine also if the French agents used the same strategies towards Madrid and Barcelona, if they shared trading and financial partners and if the Catalan demands for autonomy affected the French attitude. In attempting to answer these questions, we will base on a great geographical and sectoral variety of sources.
在弗朗哥统治时期,法国政治和经济环境的许多代表强调,在他们看来,加泰罗尼亚与西班牙其他地区的巨大差异。这些看法在经济关系领域有真正的影响吗?我们特别感兴趣的是测试法国是否与加泰罗尼亚有更密切或更具体的关系——在技术、投资、贸易、旅游和移民等领域——而不是与整个西班牙。我们还考察了法国经纪人是否对马德里和巴塞罗那使用了相同的策略,他们是否有共同的贸易和金融伙伴,加泰罗尼亚人对自治的要求是否影响了法国的态度。在试图回答这些问题时,我们将以各种地理和部门来源为基础。
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引用次数: 0
SACA: una empresa del INI para la fabricación de maquinaria agrícola, 1939-1972 萨卡:一家生产农业机械的INI公司,1939-1972
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1344/RHI.V26I68.21308
M. Rodríguez
Upon the ending of the Spanish Civil War, the Andalusian landowners were aware of the high expectations that the new regime had laid on agriculture and of the need of increasing the agricultural machinery pool. In this context, an important group of them decided to set up an agricultural machinery company, Sociedad Anonima de Construcciones Agricolas (SACA), founded in Seville on December 29, 1939. Serious flaws in the project and unanticipated difficulties led to its promoters to seek help from the Instituto National de Industria (INI), which agreed to take a majority stake in the company, with the ultimate intention of turning it into one of the largest companies in the group and Spain. As with other similar projects fostered by the INI in Andalusia, in less than 20 years, after consuming considerable resources, it ended up in a complete failure.
西班牙内战结束后,安达卢西亚地主意识到新政权对农业寄予了很高的期望,并意识到需要增加农业机械储备。在这种背景下,他们中的一个重要团体决定成立一家农业机械公司,即农业建筑协会(SACA),于1939年12月29日在塞维利亚成立。项目的严重缺陷和意想不到的困难导致其发起人向国家工业研究所(INI)寻求帮助,后者同意获得该公司的多数股权,最终目的是将其转变为该集团和西班牙最大的公司之一。与INI在安达卢西亚的其他类似项目一样,在不到20年的时间里,在消耗了大量资源之后,它以彻底失败告终。
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引用次数: 0
Carles Manera, La extensión de la desigualdad. Austeridad y estancamiento. Madrid, Los Libros de la Catarata, 2015, 208 pp. Carles的方式,不平等的扩展。紧缩和停滞。马德里,瀑布之书,2015,208页。
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.1344/RHI.V26I68.21315
Francisco José Bastida Albaladejo
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引用次数: 0
El teléfono en España: regulación sin regulador independiente, 1882-1975 西班牙的电话:1882-1975年没有独立监管机构的监管
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2016-11-25 DOI: 10.1344/RHI.V25I61.21334
Ángel Calvo
Este articulo ahonda en los contenidos y mecanismos del sistema regulatorio espanol desde una optica comparada y de largo plazo. Situa en perspectiva historica cuestiones de candente actualidad en el campo de las industrias de red, generadoras de externalidades, y se adscribe a la escuela que explica los sistemas regulatorios por una suma de factores organizativos, politicos y economicos. De forma especifica, analiza como actuan las fuerzas de regulacion y mercado sobre el servicio telefonico espanol en escenarios tecnologicos y politicos cambiantes con el objetivo de explorar los efectos combinados de la regulacion del monopolio, politica economica y estrategias empresariales en el largo periodo de la llamada administracion publica. En cuanto a su estructura, empieza remontandose al origen de la regulacion del sector en Espana, antes de centrarse en la formacion del monopolio y en las peculiaridades de la regulacion por contrato, muy alejada del modelo europeo de los PTT. Las conclusiones recogen los resultados de la regulacion, subrayando sus aspectos contradictorios.
本文从比较和长期的角度探讨了西班牙监管体系的内容和机制。本文从历史的角度探讨了网络产业领域中产生外部性的当前问题,并将其归因于通过组织、政治和经济因素的综合来解释监管体系的学派。指定地,分析你就部队管理和服务市场telefonico西班牙在不同场景tecnologicos及政治目的regulacion探索综合影响的企业垄断、economica政治和战略长期在所谓的公共行政。关于PTT的结构,本文首先回顾了西班牙对该行业监管的起源,然后重点介绍了垄断的形成和合同监管的特点,这与欧洲PTT模式相去遥远。结论总结了监管的结果,强调了其矛盾之处。
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引用次数: 0
Mutagenic and cytotoxic activities of Limonium globuliferum methanol extracts. Limonium globuliferum 甲醇提取物的诱变和细胞毒性活性。
IF 2.2 4区 历史学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2016-10-01 Epub Date: 2016-03-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9951-8
Yasin Eren

Unmonitored use of plant extractions alone or in combination with drugs may cause important health problems and toxic effects. Limonium (Plumbaginaceae) plants are known as antibacterial, anticancer and antivirus agent. But it is possible that this genus may have toxic effects. This study evaluated the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of Limonium globuliferum (Boiss. et Heldr.) O. Kuntze (Plumbaginaceae) acetone/methanol (2:1), and methanol extracts of root, stem, and leaf. Different parts of this species were used in order to compare the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of these parts. Ames test was carried out with S. typhimurium TA98, and TA100 strains. Strains were incubated at 37 °C for 72 h. MDBK cell line was used in MTT test. 10,000, 1000, 100, 10, 1 and 0.1 µg/plate concentrations of plant extracts were used in Ames test. 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25 and 3.125 µg/ml concentrations of root, stem and leaf acetone/methanol (2:1) and methanol extracts were used in MTT test. Ames test results indicated that only methanol leaf extract (10,000 µg/plate) had mutagenic activity. L. globuliferum root methanol extracts (3.125 and 6.25 µg/ml) increased the proliferation rates. Root acetone/methanol (2:1) extracts were found highly cytotoxic in all treatments. The results indicated that leaf extracts had lower cytotoxic effects than root and stem extracts. High concentrations of L. globuliferum stem and leaf methanol extracts showed cytotoxic activity in all treatment periods while low concentrations of the stem methanol extracts increased the proliferation rates.

未经监控地单独使用植物提取物或将其与药物混合使用,可能会造成严重的健康问题和毒性影响。Limonium(Plumbaginaceae)植物具有抗菌、抗癌和抗病毒作用。但该属植物可能具有毒性作用。本研究评估了 Limonium globuliferum (Boiss. et Heldr.) O. Kuntze(Plumbaginaceae)的丙酮/甲醇(2:1)以及根、茎和叶的甲醇提取物的诱变和细胞毒性作用。使用该物种的不同部分以比较这些部分的诱变和细胞毒性作用。用伤寒杆菌 TA98 和 TA100 菌株进行 Ames 试验。采用 MDBK 细胞株进行 MTT 试验。10,000、1000、100、10、1 和 0.1 µg/plate 浓度的植物提取物用于 Ames 试验。50、25、12.5、6.25 和 3.125 µg/ml 浓度的根、茎和叶丙酮/甲醇(2:1)和甲醇提取物用于 MTT 试验。Ames 试验结果表明,只有甲醇叶提取物(10,000 µg/板)具有诱变活性。球茎草根甲醇提取物(3.125 和 6.25 微克/毫升)提高了增殖率。丙酮/甲醇(2:1)根提取物在所有处理中都具有很强的细胞毒性。结果表明,叶提取物的细胞毒性低于根和茎提取物。高浓度的 L. globuliferum 茎和叶甲醇提取物在所有处理期间都显示出细胞毒性活性,而低浓度的茎甲醇提取物则提高了增殖率。
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引用次数: 0
Ingenieros británicos, ferroviarios comunistas y organización del trabajo en los talleres del Ferrocarril Central Argentino en las primeras décadas del siglo xx 20世纪头几十年阿根廷中央铁路车间的英国工程师、共产主义铁路工人和工作组织
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.1344/RHI.V25I63.21204
Laura Badaloni
El proposito de este articulo es analizar la organizacion del trabajo dentro de los talleres de la empresa britanica Ferrocarril Central Argentino en las primeras decadas del siglo xx en la Argentina. Nos interesa investigar sobre la influencia de elementos vinculados a principios de la administracion cientifica del trabajo. Consideramos que en este periodo, la compania tomo medidas para estructurar las labores ferroviarias sobre bases «cientificas». Nuestra aproximacion sera a traves de escritos tanto de ingenieros britanicos ocupados en la direccion de las labores en la compania asi como de trabajadores que militaban en celulas comunistas que funcionaban en el interior de sus talleres. Esto supone una opcion metodologica relacional para abordar el mundo del trabajo y los vinculos laborales que contempla a los dos sujetos sociales implicados: trabajadores, por un lado, y patrones o representantes de la empresa, por el otro.
本文的目的是分析英国公司Ferrocarril Central Argentino在20世纪头几十年在阿根廷的车间内的工作组织。我们感兴趣的是研究与科学工作管理原则相关的因素的影响。我们认为,在此期间,公司采取措施,在“科学”的基础上组织铁路工作。我们的方法将通过在公司工作的英国工程师和在他们的车间工作的共产主义小组工作的工人的写作。这意味着一种方法上的关系选择,以解决工作世界和工作联系,包括两个涉及的社会主体:一方面是工人,另一方面是雇主或公司代表。
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引用次数: 3
La aventura empresarial en Europa de un pionero de la telefonía en Baltimore 巴尔的摩电话先驱在欧洲的商业冒险
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1344/RHI.V25I63.21203
Armando López-Rodríguez
Entre los anos 1879 y 1880 surgieron en Estados Unidos mas de un centenar de empresas nuevas para tratar de hacerse un hueco en el novisimo sector de la telefonia. La perspectiva comunmente asumida era que se abria una gran oportunidad de negocio para una tecnologia que se podia extender a toda velocidad. Los mas atrevidos de estos emprendedores consideraron que el escenario internacional tambien podria ofrecer oportunidades similares; por esta razon, promovieron tambien diversas iniciativas exclusivamente para operar en paises extranjeros. Algunas de estas companias nacieron en la ciudad de Baltimore (Maryland), lideradas por Augustus G. Davis (1834-1912), pionero de la telefonia en esa ciudad que tuvo cierto protagonismo en este sector hasta finales del siglo xix.
在1879年到1880年间,美国出现了100多家新公司,试图在新的电话行业中占据一席之地。人们普遍认为,这为一项可以快速扩展的技术打开了一个巨大的商机。这些企业家中最大胆的认为,国际舞台也可以提供类似的机会;为此,他们还推动了几项专门在国外开展业务的倡议。其中一些公司诞生于马里兰州的巴尔的摩市,由奥古斯都·g·戴维斯(Augustus G. Davis, 1834-1912)领导,他是巴尔的摩市的电话先驱,直到19世纪末,他一直在这个领域发挥着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
La transición eléctrica en España: de la regulación tradicional a la regulación para el mercado, 1982-1996 西班牙电力转型:从传统监管到市场监管,1982-1996
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1344/RHI.V25I61.21335
Joseán Garrués Irurzun
In the last quarter of the 20th century, economic regulation in the Spanish electricity sector has changed dramatically. Energy policy and the behaviour of utilities companies in Spain should be understood in light of the following contexts: the energy and economic crisis in the 1970s; the political transition towards a democratic regime, and the incorporation of Spain into the European Union. As shown through the aspects analysed in this article, traditional regulation in the Spanish electrical sector did not obtain the desired levels of efficiency. This traditional regulation, which went against competitive regulation put into practice in leading nations, was widely questioned. Any explanation of current regulation deficiencies in the Spanish electricity market, however, should take into account not only the current regulation models but also the “path dependence” in the industrial organization of utilities companies, which historically has been very concentrated in Spain.
在20世纪的最后25年,西班牙电力部门的经济监管发生了巨大变化。西班牙的能源政策和公用事业公司的行为应该根据以下背景来理解:1970年代的能源和经济危机;向民主政权的政治过渡,以及将西班牙纳入欧盟。正如本文分析的方面所示,西班牙电力部门的传统监管没有达到预期的效率水平。这种与主要国家实行的竞争性监管相违背的传统监管受到了广泛质疑。然而,对西班牙电力市场当前监管缺陷的任何解释,不仅应该考虑当前的监管模式,还应该考虑公用事业公司产业组织中的“路径依赖”,这在历史上一直非常集中在西班牙。
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引用次数: 3
El fin del ciclo de expansión del salitre en Chile: la inflexión de 1919 como crisis estructural 智利硝石扩张周期的结束:1919年作为结构性危机的转折点
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1344/RHI.V25I65.21232
S. G. Miranda, R. Gajardo, Pablo Artaza Barrios
En este articulo se sostiene que la crisis salitrera de los anos 1919-1922 marco el termino del ciclo de expansion del nitrato en Chile. Tambien se afirma que tuvo un impacto social desconocido hasta entonces, tanto por su extension como por su profundidad. Si bien fue un rasgo caracteristico de esta economia las recurrentes crisis con sus respectivos auges, la inflexion de 1919-1922 habria tenido caracteristicas ineditas hasta entonces, debido a la perdida definitiva del mercado aleman y por la consolidacion del nitrato sintetico. Con esta crisis por primera vez se habria tomado plena conciencia en Chile del problema estructural que enfrentaba esta economia, y la necesidad de cambiar la politica salitrera establecida en el siglo anterior. Sin embargo, al analizar este fenomeno, la historiografia nacional no ha considerado que esta inflexion fuera su final, sino que lo ha correlacionado con la Gran Depresion Mundial iniciada en 1929.
在这一过程中,我们发现了一种趋势,即在智利,硝酸盐的扩张周期结束了,而在智利,硝酸盐的扩张周期结束了。它还声称产生了前所未有的社会影响,无论是在广度上还是在深度上。虽然这一经济的一个特点是反复出现的危机和各自的繁荣,但1919-1922年的转变将具有前所未有的特点,因为德国市场的最终损失和合成硝酸盐的巩固。随着这场危机,智利第一次充分意识到经济面临的结构性问题,以及改变上个世纪建立的硝石政策的必要性。然而,在分析这一现象时,国家史学并没有将这种转变视为其终结,而是将其与始于1929年的世界大萧条联系起来。
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引用次数: 10
Carlos Larrinaga, Balnearios guipuzcoanos, 1776-1901. Turismo de salud e inversión de capital en aguas minerales, 卡洛斯·拉里纳加,吉普斯夸温泉,1776-1901年。健康旅游和矿泉水资本投资,
IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.1344/RHI.V25I62.21393
Rafael Vallejo Pousada
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引用次数: 0
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Revista De Historia Industrial
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