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The impact of COVID-19 on ASEAN 新冠肺炎对东盟的影响
IF 2.4 4区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2020.1839166
T. Chong, Xiaoyang Li, Cornelia Yip
Abstract Starting in December 2019, COVID-19 had been spreading across the world on a limited scale for a quarter until March 2020 when the death toll in the countries comprising the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) finally started to mount. However, despite the relatively late outbreak in the region, the ASEAN market had already plunged along with other regional markets across the world amid heightened concern about the economic impact of the biggest viral killer in 2020. In this paper, we examine the economic impact of coronavirus on different ASEAN countries separately by analysing their respective economic figures for the first two quarters in 2020. This allows us to delineate the overall picture of its impact on ASEAN countries as well as to provide an estimation for the future outlook of the ASEAN economic bloc. We propose that the slowing growth, the sluggish recovery of trade and the cross-country transmission of unemployment are three significant risk factors that the ASEAN economies are faced with.
从2019年12月开始,COVID-19在全球范围内以有限的规模传播了一个季度,直到2020年3月,东南亚国家联盟(ASEAN)成员国的死亡人数终于开始上升。然而,尽管该地区的疫情爆发相对较晚,但由于人们对2020年最大病毒杀手的经济影响的担忧加剧,东盟市场已经与全球其他区域市场一起暴跌。本文通过分析不同东盟国家2020年前两个季度的经济数据,分别考察了冠状病毒对不同东盟国家的经济影响。这使我们能够描绘其对东盟国家影响的总体情况,并为东盟经济集团的未来前景提供估计。我们认为,经济增长放缓、贸易复苏乏力和失业的跨国传导是东盟经济体面临的三大重要风险因素。
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引用次数: 38
China macroeconomic report 2020: China’s macroeconomy is on the rebound under the impact of COVID-19 2020年中国宏观经济报告:新冠肺炎影响下中国宏观经济回升
IF 2.4 4区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-10-01 DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2020.1844609
Xiaoguang Liu, Yuan-Chi Liu, Yan Yan
Abstract The year 2020 is bound to be a very special year in the history of China’s and the world’s economy. The sudden onslaught of COVID-19 has taken a heavy toll on China’s macroeconomy and its market participants. Also, the global economic and trade system has tipped into the most severe downturn since World War II. The macro stimulus policy packages launched by various countries are of an epic scale, in a way rarely seen before. China was the first to be hit by the epidemic, to contain the epidemic, and to resume work and production. China’s economic recovery and reconstruction are of landmark and leading significance for the global economy. The content of this report mainly includes the following two aspects: one is to forecast the basic trend and recovery potential of China’s economy under the impact of the epidemic; the other is to provide applicable policy recommendations for post-epidemic economic rehabilitation and its mid- to long-term development. We focus on four issues: the progress and nature of China’s economic recovery at the current stage; major challenges and risks facing China’s economic recovery in the next stage; how to design policies of a sizable scale and policy mechanisms to achieve desired effects; and whether the existing policy is sufficient to cope with various risks and challenges, to enhance resilience and re-consolidate economic foundations. In view of this, the report presents the forecast and prospect of China’s core macroeconomic indicators in 2020 and puts forward policy recommendations accordingly.
摘要2020年必将是中国和世界经济史上非常特殊的一年。新冠肺炎突如其来,给中国宏观经济和市场参与者带来沉重打击。此外,全球经济和贸易体系已陷入二战以来最严重的衰退。各国推出的宏观刺激政策规模之大前所未有。中国率先受到疫情冲击,率先遏制疫情,率先复工复产。中国经济的复苏和重建对全球经济具有里程碑意义和引领意义。这份报告的内容主要包括以下两个方面:一是预测疫情冲击下中国经济的基本趋势和复苏潜力;二是为疫后经济复苏及其中长期发展提供适用的政策建议。我们关注四个问题:现阶段中国经济复苏的进展和性质;下一阶段中国经济复苏面临的重大挑战和风险;如何设计大规模的政策和政策机制以达到预期效果;以及现有政策是否足以应对各种风险和挑战,增强韧性并重新巩固经济基础。有鉴于此,报告对2020年中国核心宏观经济指标进行了预测和展望,并提出了相应的政策建议。
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引用次数: 14
US monetary policy uncertainty and RMB deviations from covered interest parity 美国货币政策的不确定性与人民币偏离利率平价
IF 2.4 4区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-09-14 DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2022.2075602
Zhitao Lin, Xingwang Qian
Abstract This paper examines how US monetary policy uncertainty (MPU) affects RMB deviations from covered interest parity (CIP) and how this effect is influenced by China’s capital controls, the RMB exchange rate regime, and international reserves that constrain the transmitting channel of US MPU shocks. Our findings show that US MPU has a spill-over effect and creates deviations from RMB CIP. Capital controls insulate uncertainty shocks and alleviate the US MPU spill-over effect. There are some evidence that international reserves alleviate and the liberalised RMB exchange rate regime magnifies the spill-over effect. However, their effects become insignificant in the presence of capital controls. Moreover, the US MPU effect on RMB CIP deviations becomes prominent after the 2008 global financial crisis.
摘要本文研究了美国货币政策不确定性(MPU)如何影响人民币偏离利率平价(CIP),以及这种影响如何受到中国资本管制、人民币汇率机制和国际储备的影响,这些因素限制了美国MPU冲击的传导渠道。我们的研究结果表明,美国MPU具有溢出效应,并产生了与人民币CIP的偏差。资本管制隔绝了不确定性冲击,减轻了美国MPU的溢出效应。有证据表明,国际储备缓解了这种影响,而人民币汇率自由化放大了外溢效应。然而,在存在资本管制的情况下,它们的影响变得微不足道。此外,美国MPU对人民币CIP偏差的影响在2008年全球金融危机后变得突出。
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引用次数: 1
Whistleblowing behaviours and anti-corruption approaches in public administration in Kenya 肯尼亚公共行政中的举报行为和反腐败方法
IF 2.4 4区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-08-07 DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2020.1800263
Gedion Onyango
Abstract This article demonstrates that whistleblowing often receives little attention in public administration due to ambivalence regarding administrative roles held by public administrators, the fluid scalar chain and horizontal linkages, and competitive and intricate public, organisational and private interests. Drawing on comparative analysis to elucidate the broader scope of anti-corruption reforms and whistleblowing in public administration, the article explores the influence of the administrative culture on the relationship between whistleblowing behaviours and implementation of anti-corruption reforms in public administration in Kenya. It illustrates how bureaucratic oversight mechanisms such as internal auditing procedures and ethical guidelines tend to underperform where administrative environments largely feature autocratic bureaucratic authority, parochial management styles and centralised decision-making processes. Despite the functional specialty of public institutions, these cultural composites potentially elicit administrative behaviours that generally make whistleblowing anti-organisational, anti-social and an outright illegality in public administration. The absence of whistleblowing legislation or weak whistleblowing laws exacerbate these conditions. Whistleblowing becomes even more complex at the local-state level as social networks and working groups tend to be strengthened by the collectivist associational culture in public administration. Consequently, non-performance of anti-corruption reforms were found to stem from the collective chastisement of whistleblowing practices in public organisations in Kenya. Furthermore, institutional deficits typical in local-state administration seemingly made it riskier for potential whistleblowers to come forth, mainly attendant to loose and inconsistent legislation on corruption. Therefore, to enhance whistleblowing, there is a need to insulate potential whistleblowers from legal retaliation, including cultural retaliations that come in forms of emotional and professional ‘attacks’.
摘要本文表明,由于对公共行政人员的行政角色、流动的标量链和水平联系以及竞争性和复杂的公共、组织和私人利益的矛盾,举报在公共行政中往往很少受到关注。本文通过比较分析来阐明公共行政中反腐败改革和举报的更广泛范围,探讨了行政文化对举报行为与肯尼亚公共行政中实施反腐败改革之间关系的影响。它说明了在行政环境主要以专制的官僚权威、狭隘的管理风格和集中的决策过程为特征的情况下,内部审计程序和道德准则等官僚监督机制往往表现不佳。尽管公共机构具有特殊的职能,但这些文化复合物可能引发行政行为,这些行为通常使告密行为成为反组织、反社会和公共行政中的公然违法行为。举报立法的缺失或举报法律的薄弱加剧了这些情况。由于公共行政中的集体主义结社文化往往加强了社会网络和工作组,举报在地方和州一级变得更加复杂。因此,反腐败改革的失败被发现是由于肯尼亚公共组织对告密行为的集体惩罚。此外,地方国家行政部门典型的制度赤字似乎使潜在的告密者站出来的风险更大,这主要是由于有关腐败的立法宽松和不一致。因此,为了加强举报,有必要使潜在的举报者免受法律报复,包括以情感和职业“攻击”形式出现的文化报复。
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引用次数: 8
Bilateral swap agreement and renminbi settlement in cross-border trade 双边互换协议及跨境贸易人民币结算
IF 2.4 4区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2020.1780818
K. Song, Le Xia
Abstract This research empirically examines the impact of China’s renminbi (RMB) Bilateral Swap Agreements (BSAs) on the usage of the currency in cross-border trade transactions. By using a unique dataset from SWIFT including cross-border settlement messages of 91 countries/regions between October 2010 and November 2015, we confirm that the signing of an RMB BSA helps increase the number, value and proportion of the RMB settlement in cross-border trade. Our results are robust with respect to the choice of different models, including multi-level mixed model, two-stage regression model, and difference-in-difference model. In addition to justifying the effectiveness of China’s BSA-signing strategy to promote the RMB usage in trade settlement, our results clarify that the signing of those RMB BSAs is not purely for China’s political ends as some scholars claim.
摘要本研究实证考察了中国人民币双边互换协议(bsa)对跨境贸易交易中人民币使用的影响。通过使用SWIFT的独特数据集,包括2010年10月至2015年11月期间91个国家/地区的跨境结算信息,我们确认人民币BSA的签署有助于提高跨境贸易中人民币结算的数量、价值和比例。我们的结果在不同模型的选择方面是稳健的,包括多层次混合模型、两阶段回归模型和差中差模型。我们的研究结果除了证明了中国签署bsa战略对促进人民币在贸易结算中的使用的有效性之外,还澄清了签署这些人民币bsa并不像一些学者所说的那样纯粹是出于中国的政治目的。
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引用次数: 16
Introduction 介绍
IF 2.4 4区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2020.1777681
I. Korhonen
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引用次数: 0
Can the Chinese domestic bond and stock markets facilitate a globalising renminbi? 中国国内债券和股票市场能为人民币全球化提供便利吗?
IF 2.4 4区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2020.1780831
Guonan Ma, Yao Wang
Abstract A global renminbi (RMB) needs to be backed by a large, deep and liquid RMB market with a world-class Chinese government bond (CGB) market as its core. It also needs the support from a bigger and more open domestic stock market. China’s CGB market is the sixth largest local currency sovereign bond market in the world. By transforming the non-tradable, captive central bank liabilities into homogeneous and tradable CGBs through cutting the still high Chinese reserve requirements by 1/3, the size of the CGB market can rise by 40%, boosting market liquidity while trimming distortions to the banking system. Also, policy bank bonds may attract foreign investor demand. Finally, a bigger and more open domestic A-share stock market also helps expand the RMB assets in the international investor portfolio. With both bigger bond and stock markets and their higher foreign ownerships following market opening, the combined sum of Chinese domestic bonds and A-shares held by foreign investors may increase five folds during 2018–2025, lifting the RMB asset position in global investor portfolios, facilitating a potential global RMB, while promoting a deeper and more efficient Chinese domestic capital market. This process of liberalising cross-border portfolio capital flows for non-resident investors may bring both risks and benefits to the Chinese economy.
摘要全球人民币需要一个以世界级中国国债市场为核心的庞大、深度和流动性的人民币市场作为支撑。它还需要更大、更开放的国内股市的支持。中国CGB市场是全球第六大本币主权债券市场。通过将仍然很高的中国存款准备金率削减1/3,将不可交易的、被束缚的央行负债转变为同质的、可交易的CGB,CGB市场的规模可以增长40%,提高市场流动性,同时减少银行系统的扭曲。此外,政策性银行债券可能会吸引外国投资者的需求。最后,更大、更开放的国内a股股票市场也有助于扩大国际投资者投资组合中的人民币资产。随着债券和股票市场的扩大以及市场开放后外国所有权的增加,外国投资者持有的中国国内债券和A股的总和可能在2018-2025年增加五倍,从而提升人民币在全球投资者投资组合中的资产地位,促进潜在的全球人民币,同时促进中国国内资本市场更深入、更高效。这一为非居民投资者开放跨境投资组合资本流动的过程可能会给中国经济带来风险和好处。
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引用次数: 1
Measuring the importance of RMB in the exchange rate spill-over networks: new indices of RMB internationalisation 衡量人民币在汇率溢出网络中的重要性:人民币国际化的新指标
IF 2.4 4区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2020.1775374
Yinggang Zhou, Xin Cheng, Yiming Wang
Abstract Using an innovative network approach, this study constructs new indices of the renminbi (RMB) internationalisation and presents strong evidence of the RMB’s growing influence globally and regionally. We identify networks of exchange rate spill-overs and examine time-varying spill-over intensities among the RMB and world major currencies of G20 members as well as currencies related to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Shocks from the RMB generate intensifying spill-overs across currency networks. The role of the RMB in the networks has increased steadily over time. Our findings highlight that the RMB has become increasingly important since China has initiated the marketisation reform of its currency and proposed to build the modern Belt and Road.
摘要本研究采用创新的网络方法,构建了新的人民币国际化指数,有力地证明了人民币在全球和地区范围内的影响力不断增强。我们确定了汇率溢出网络,并研究了人民币和二十国集团成员国的世界主要货币以及与“一带一路”倡议倡议相关的货币之间随时间变化的溢出强度。人民币的冲击在货币网络中产生了越来越大的溢出效应。随着时间的推移,人民币在网络中的作用稳步增加。我们的研究结果表明,自从中国启动货币市场化改革并提出建设现代“一带一路”以来,人民币变得越来越重要。
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引用次数: 4
Determinations of strategy responding to COVID-19 新冠肺炎应对策略的确定
IF 2.4 4区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-06-26 DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2020.1763544
W. Li, T. He
Abstract This study explores what determines the selection of strategies by governments responding to COVID-19. To answer the question, we propose concepts of individual utility and societal utility and build a simple model. By applying the model, we predict that countries with an individualist culture would adopt more passive strategies while countries with a collectivist culture would adopt more active strategies. The comparison between strategies adopted in China and in the United Kingdom supports the prediction. Furthermore, as the spread of COVID-19 virus continues, governments’ response may change and individualist countries may switch to more active strategies. So we extend our model to incorporate the dynamics of strategy selection, and explain the switch between passive and active strategies. We then predict in particular that facing the unexpected infections and deaths, the countries with an individualist culture would temporally adopt a relatively more active strategy responding to COVID-19. The evidence from Spain shows the dynamic feature of strategy selection as predicted by our model.
摘要本研究探讨了决定政府应对新冠肺炎战略选择的因素。为了回答这个问题,我们提出了个人效用和社会效用的概念,并建立了一个简单的模型。通过应用该模型,我们预测具有个人主义文化的国家将采取更被动的战略,而具有集体主义文化的各国将采取更主动的战略。中国和英国采取的策略之间的比较支持了这一预测。此外,随着新冠肺炎病毒的持续传播,政府的应对措施可能会发生变化,个人主义国家可能会转向更积极的战略。因此,我们扩展了我们的模型,将策略选择的动力学纳入其中,并解释了被动策略和主动策略之间的切换。然后,我们特别预测,面对意外的感染和死亡,具有个人主义文化的国家将暂时采取相对更积极的策略应对新冠肺炎。来自西班牙的证据显示了我们的模型预测的战略选择的动态特征。
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引用次数: 4
Offshore fears and onshore risk: exchange rate pressures and bank volatility contagion in China 离岸恐惧和在岸风险:汇率压力和银行波动在中国蔓延
IF 2.4 4区 社会学 Q2 SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-06-18 DOI: 10.1080/20954816.2020.1762830
Jennifer T. Lai, P. McNelis
Abstract This paper shows that signals from the offshore China spot market for the Chinese renminbi of the Hong Kong SAR (listed as CNH) directly affect the volatility of share prices of Chinese banks and the overall risks of Chinese banking stability. This is especially so amid heightened uncertainty about global trade or the People’s Republic of China. Thus, the CNH market volatility is a leading indicator of onshore Chinese banking sector volatility. Our results suggest that further offshore exchange market movements arising out of news such as increasing trade friction with the United States will generate greater volatility in the Chinese banking sector. Far from being a shock absorber for the Chinese financial system, the CNH market appears to be a shock transmitter of risk from offshore economic policy uncertainty to the Chinese banking system.
摘要本文表明,来自香港人民币离岸现货市场(CNH)的信号直接影响中国银行股价的波动和中国银行业稳定的整体风险。在全球贸易或中华人民共和国的不确定性加剧之际,尤其如此。因此,离岸人民币市场波动率是反映中国在岸银行业波动率的领先指标。我们的研究结果表明,由中美贸易摩擦加剧等新闻引发的进一步离岸外汇市场波动将导致中国银行业出现更大的波动。离岸人民币市场远不是中国金融体系的减震器,而似乎是离岸经济政策不确定性给中国银行体系带来风险的冲击传递器。
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引用次数: 0
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Economic and Political Studies-EPS
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