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2009 13th International Workshop on Computational Electronics最新文献

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RC Variability of Short-Range Interconnects 短距离互连的RC变异性
Pub Date : 2009-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IWCE.2009.5091143
F. J. Twaddle, D. Cumming, S. Roy, A. Asenov, T. Drysdale
Line edge roughness (LER) in end-of-the-roadmap integrated circuit interconnects causes variability in their resis- tance R, capacitance C and hence also their RC delay. We present an analysis of LER-induced variability of resistance, capacitance and delay of short-range interconnects within standard cells at the 32, 22 and 18 nm technology nodes using both a commercial RC extraction tool as well as a fast quasi-analytical (QA) method. Our QA method includes size dependent resistivity which, when coupled with LER, reveals increased resistance variability and total resistance in interconnects at these technology nodes. For example, the QA method predicts variability of 52% in resistance, 16% in capacitance and 36% in RC delay. When LER is the dominant source of variability there is a correlation of �0.8 between resistance and capacitance. Our results indicate interconnect variability is a significant and worsening problem, which should be included in statistical models of standard cells.
线路末端集成电路互连中的线边缘粗糙度(LER)导致其阻抗R、电容C的变化,从而导致其RC延迟的变化。我们使用商用RC提取工具和快速准分析(QA)方法,分析了标准电池在32、22和18 nm技术节点上的短程互连电阻、电容和延迟的ler诱导变异性。我们的QA方法包括与尺寸相关的电阻率,当与LER结合时,可以显示这些技术节点互连中增加的电阻变异性和总电阻。例如,QA方法预测的电阻变异性为52%,电容变异性为16%,RC延迟变异性为36%。当LER是变异性的主要来源时,电阻和电容之间的相关系数为0.8。我们的研究结果表明,互连变异性是一个重要且日益严重的问题,应该包括在标准细胞的统计模型中。
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引用次数: 19
Boundary Conditions for Incoherent Quantum Transport 非相干量子传输的边界条件
Pub Date : 2009-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IWCE.2009.5091088
M. Frey, A. Esposito, A. Schenk
In this paper, the influence of coherent and incoherent boundary conditions for quantum transport through silicon nanowires is studied. An iteration scheme to compute an approximate self-energy in the contacts is proposed. The focus lies on the impact on the self-consistent electrostatics and the current computation. In addition, the scaling behavior with increasing device lengths is shown.
本文研究了相干和非相干边界条件对硅纳米线量子输运的影响。提出了一种计算接触中近似自能的迭代方法。重点是对自洽静电和电流计算的影响。此外,还显示了随器件长度增加的缩放行为。
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引用次数: 3
Realistic Modeling of Complex Oxide Materials from the First Principles 从第一原理的复杂氧化物材料的现实建模
Pub Date : 2009-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IWCE.2009.5091144
I. Solovyev
General ideas and strategies of realistic modeling of strongly correlated systems are reviewed. The purpose of this approach is to construct a microscopic (for example, the Hubbard-type) model for the limited group of bands located near the Fermi level and derive parameters of this model entirely from the first-principles electronic structure calculations. Thus, the method combines the accuracy of the first-principle calculations with the transparency and physical insights of the model analysis. The abilities of the method are illustrated on a number of examples, including the origin of the multiferroicity in BiMnO 3 , spin-orbital-lattice coupled phenomena in ABO 3 (where A= three-valent rare-earths element and B= Ti or V), and magnetism of KO 2 . The latter compound can be regarded a rare example of strongly correlated system build from the magnetic oxygen molecules.
综述了强关联系统现实建模的一般思想和策略。该方法的目的是为位于费米能级附近的有限带群构建一个微观(例如,哈伯德型)模型,并完全从第一性原理电子结构计算中推导出该模型的参数。因此,该方法结合了第一性原理计算的准确性与模型分析的透明性和物理洞察力。通过一些例子说明了该方法的能力,包括bimno3多铁性的起源,ABO 3的自旋-轨道-晶格耦合现象(其中a =三价稀土元素,B= Ti或V),以及KO 2的磁性。后一种化合物可以看作是磁性氧分子构建强相关体系的罕见例子。
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引用次数: 0
First-Principles Study of the Potential Step in Metal/Graphene Contact 金属/石墨烯接触电位阶跃的第一性原理研究
Pub Date : 2009-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IWCE.2009.5091114
Qiushi Ran, M. Gao, Yan Wang, Zhiping Yu
Metal-graphene contacts play a critical role in graphene-based electronics. The potential steps of graphene contact with eight different kinds of metals and many other electronic properties were obtained using first-principles DFT calculation. Core potential of some C atoms are used as reference to get the change of Fermi level between isolated and contacted graphene no matter whether the Dirac point could be seen in the bandstructure or not. Our results show that there are two kinds of contacts except Pd. The strong chemical contact is preferred when comes to transport.
金属-石墨烯触点在石墨烯基电子器件中起着至关重要的作用。利用第一性原理DFT计算得到了石墨烯与8种不同金属接触的潜在步骤和许多其他电子性质。以部分C原子的核心电势为参考,得到了孤立石墨烯和接触石墨烯之间费米能级的变化,无论其带结构中是否存在狄拉克点。结果表明,除Pd外,还有两种接触。当涉及到运输时,强烈的化学接触是首选。
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引用次数: 0
Monte-Carlo Modeling of Photoelectron Kinetics in Quantum-Dot Photodetectors 量子点光电探测器中光电子动力学的蒙特卡罗模型
Pub Date : 2009-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IWCE.2009.5091123
V. Mitin, A. Sergeev, Li-Hsin Chien, N. Vagidov
Using Monte-Carlo method, we simulate kinetics and transport of electrons in different types of InAs/GaAs quantum-dot infrared photodetectors. Our simulation program exploits Gamma-L-X model of the conduction band of semiconductor and it includes three major types of electron scattering on: 1) acoustic phonons, 2) polar optical phonons, and 3) intervalley phonons. The results of simulation demonstrate that the combination of local potential barriers around quantum dots and quantum-dot structure with collective barriers can be used to achieve long carrier lifetimes, and therefore high photoconductive gain, responsivity, and detectivity.
利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了不同类型的InAs/GaAs量子点红外探测器中电子的动力学和输运。我们的模拟程序利用半导体导带的Gamma-L-X模型,它包括三种主要类型的电子散射:1)声学声子,2)极性光学声子和3)谷间声子。仿真结果表明,结合量子点周围的局域势垒和具有集体势垒的量子点结构可以实现较长的载流子寿命,从而获得较高的光导增益、响应性和探测性。
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引用次数: 1
Classical Approximation of the Scattering Induced Wigner Correction Equation 散射诱导维格纳校正方程的经典近似
Pub Date : 2009-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IWCE.2009.5091092
P. Schwaha, O. Baumgartner, R. Heinzl, M. Nedjalkov, S. Selberherr, I. Dimov
Quantum simulations basically rely on two kinetic theories which account for the coherent transport at different levels of approximation. These theories have complementary properties with respect to the ability to account for de-coherence processes, and become computationally expensive in describing mixed mode transport, where both, coherent and de-coherent processes must be taken into account. We consider an ap- proach, where the coherent information, as provided by the non- equilibrium Green's function, is used in a kind of Wigner equa- tion for the scattering induced correction to the coherent Wigner function. Here, we address the opportunity to approximate the equation by taking the classical limit in the Wigner potential term. I. INTRODUCTION The nanometer and femtosecond scales of operation of modern devices give rise to a number of phenomena which are beyond purely classical description. These phenomena are classified in the International Technology Road-map for Semi- conductors (ITRS, www.itrs.net) according to their importance to the performance of next generation devices. It is recognized that '... computationally efficient quantum based simulators' are of utmost interest. Quantum models capable of describing mixed mode transport, where purely coherent phenomena such as quantization and tunneling are considered along with phase breaking processes such as interactions with phonons, are especially relevant. The rising computational requirements resulting from the increasing complexity due to the mixed mode phenomena are a major concern for the development and deployment of these models. The harmony between theoretical and numerical aspects of the classical Boltzmann model is no longer among the characteristics of the quantum mechanical counterpart. The two kinetic theories which are the foundations of quantum simulations will be sketched in the following. We first consider coherent processes. The non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) approach offers the most comprehensive, self-consistent way to account for correlations in space and time. However, because of numerical issues the applicability is restricted to stationary structures, basically in the ballistic limit (1). The computational burden can be reduced by work- ing in a mode space, obtained by separation of the problem into longitudinal and transverse directions. Furthermore, if the transverse potential profile along the transport direction remains uniform, the modes in these directions can be de- coupled so that the transport becomes quasi-multidimensional.
量子模拟基本上依赖于两种动力学理论,这两种理论解释了不同近似水平上的相干输运。这些理论在解释脱相干过程的能力方面具有互补的特性,并且在描述混合模式传输时变得计算昂贵,其中必须考虑相干和脱相干过程。我们考虑了一种方法,利用非平衡格林函数提供的相干信息,在一类维格纳方程中对相干维格纳函数进行散射诱导校正。在这里,我们通过在维格纳势项中取经典极限来解决近似方程的机会。现代设备的纳米级和飞秒级操作产生了许多超出纯经典描述的现象。根据这些现象对下一代器件性能的重要性,在国际半导体技术路线图(ITRS, www.itrs.net)中对它们进行了分类。人们认识到……计算效率高的量子模拟器是最感兴趣的。量子模型能够描述混合模式输运,其中纯相干现象,如量子化和隧道被考虑与相破缺过程,如与声子的相互作用,是特别相关的。由于混合模态现象而增加的复杂性所导致的计算需求的增加是这些模型开发和部署的主要关注点。经典玻尔兹曼模型的理论和数值方面之间的和谐不再是量子力学对应的特征之一。作为量子模拟基础的两种动力学理论将在下面概述。我们首先考虑连贯过程。非平衡格林函数(NEGF)方法提供了最全面、自洽的方法来解释空间和时间的相关性。然而,由于数值问题,其适用性仅限于固定结构,基本上在弹道极限(1)。通过将问题分离为纵向和横向,在模态空间中工作,可以减少计算量。此外,如果沿输运方向的横向势分布保持均匀,则这些方向上的模可以解耦,从而使输运成为准多维的。
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引用次数: 2
Quantum Transport Simulations of InGaAs HEMTs: Influence of Mass Variations on the Device Performance InGaAs hemt的量子输运模拟:质量变化对器件性能的影响
Pub Date : 2009-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IWCE.2009.5091141
N. Neophytou, H. Kosina, T. Rakshit
This paper presents a simulation work of In0.7Ga0.3As HEMT devices for logic applications using a quantum ballistic 2D simulator based on the non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) approach coupled to a 2D Poisson for the electrostatics. In a previous study, we showed that In0.7Ga0.3As short channel HEMT devices operates close to the ballistic limit and can be modeled as a ballistic channel attached to two series resistances. Since the electronic structure of the quantized channel is not known precisely, or can be altered by strain fields, in this work, we quantify our results, by investigating the variation in device performance due to variations in the effective mass values. We conclude that for these devices, variations in the electronic structure do not impact the device performance significantly. The results also provide insight into the expected effect of strain on the performance due to mass variations.
本文介绍了一种基于非平衡格林函数(NEGF)方法和二维泊松方法的量子弹道二维仿真器对用于逻辑应用的In0.7Ga0.3As HEMT器件的仿真工作。在之前的研究中,我们发现In0.7Ga0.3As短通道HEMT器件工作在接近弹道极限的情况下,可以将其建模为附着在两个串联电阻上的弹道通道。由于量化通道的电子结构不被精确地知道,或者可以被应变场改变,在这项工作中,我们通过调查由于有效质量值的变化而导致的器件性能的变化来量化我们的结果。我们得出结论,对于这些器件,电子结构的变化不会显著影响器件性能。结果还提供了洞察应变对性能的预期影响,由于质量的变化。
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引用次数: 4
Nonparabolicity Effects in Quantum Cascade Lasers 量子级联激光器中的非抛物效应
Pub Date : 2009-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IWCE.2009.5091129
G. Milovanović, H. Kosina
We calculate electron-LO phonon and interface roughness scattering rates in a GaAs/Al x Ga 1-x As quantum cascade laser taking into account conduction subband nonparabolicity. In this work we investigate the Al concentration and the k
考虑导子带非抛物性,计算了GaAs/Al x ga1 -x As量子级联激光器中电子- lo声子和界面粗糙度散射率。在这项工作中,我们研究了Al浓度和k
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引用次数: 1
Effect of Defect Sites in Charge Carrier Mobility Enhancement of Hopping Model 缺陷位点对跳跃模型载流子迁移率增强的影响
Pub Date : 2009-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IWCE.2009.5091109
T. Osotchan, S. Pengmanayol
Charge carrier mobility in disorder materials was described by hopping model and the increasing in the mobility value of existing defect or impurity sites was investigated by Monte Carlo simulation of the rectangular hopping site. In the case of equal tunneling rate, the mobility value increases when the defect sites have higher energy and becomes saturate at the site energy about 1.04 times of the host energy. It found that the maximum mobility occurs when there are defect sites about 40 percents. When the tunneling rate to the defect site is reduced the maximum mobility occurs at higher percent of defect sites. In addition the other type of mobility enhancement appears when the defect site has energy lower than 0.92 times of the host site energy and this occurs only at small amount of the defect sites (less than 10 percents). This type of the enhancement exhibits much higher value of the carrier mobility and the result indicates the mobility value up to about three times of the host value.
用跳跃模型描述了无序材料中的载流子迁移率,并用蒙特卡罗方法对矩形跳跃位进行了模拟,研究了现有缺陷或杂质位迁移率值的增加。在隧穿速率相同的情况下,缺陷位点能量越高,迁移率值越高,在该位点能量约为宿主能量的1.04倍处达到饱和。它发现最大的移动性发生在大约有40%缺陷的地方。当到缺陷位置的隧道速率降低时,最大迁移率出现在更高百分比的缺陷位置。此外,当缺陷位点的能量低于宿主位点能量的0.92倍时,出现另一种类型的移动性增强,这种情况仅发生在少量缺陷位点(少于10%)。这种类型的增强表现出更高的载流子迁移率值,结果表明迁移率值约为宿主值的三倍。
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引用次数: 0
A Discontinuous Galerkin Solver for Full-Band Boltzmann-Poisson Models 全波段Boltzmann-Poisson模型的不连续Galerkin解算器
Pub Date : 2009-05-27 DOI: 10.1109/IWCE.2009.5091079
Yingda Cheng, I. Gamba, A. Majorana, Chi-Wang Shu
We present new preliminary results of a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme applied to deterministic computations of the transients for the Boltzmann-Poisson (BP) system describing electron transport in semiconductor devices. Very recently in, results for one and two dimensional devices were obtained in the case of silicon semiconductor assuming the non-parabolic band approximation. Here, more general band structures are considered. Preliminary benchmark numerical tests on Kane and Brunetti et al. band models are reported.
我们提出了一个不连续伽辽金(DG)格式的新初步结果,该格式应用于描述半导体器件中电子输运的玻尔兹曼-泊松(BP)系统瞬态的确定性计算。最近,在硅半导体的情况下,假设非抛物带近似,得到了一维和二维器件的结果。这里考虑的是更一般的能带结构。本文报道了Kane和Brunetti等波段模型的初步基准数值试验。
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引用次数: 15
期刊
2009 13th International Workshop on Computational Electronics
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