Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.70
Nafea. A. Jubair, Ahmed. F. Z. Al-Dulaimy
The study was conducted in one of the private palm orchards in the Euphrates district on date palm trees (CV. Khastawi) aged 30 years to find out the response of the date palm cultivar Khastawi to spraying with micro-elements at concentrations (0, 1 g L-1 ) and symbolized by (M0 and M1), and spraying with gibberellic acid at concentrations (0, 100, 200 mg L-1 ) and symbolized by (G0, G1, and G2) respectively, and spraying with salicylic acid in concentrations (0, 100, 200 mg L-1 ) and symbols symbolized by (S0, S1, S2) respectively. 54 trees were selected as homogeneous as possible, and the number of fronds for palms and fruit clusters was unified. All service operations of the orchard were carried out similarly to adding animal manure, pruning, pollination, watering, pest control and other service operations for all experimental units. The results showed that spraying with microelements at a concentration (M1) significantly affected all studied traits except for the non-reducing sugar content of the fruits. It amounted to (10.76 g, 15.63 kg cluster-1 , 125.03 kg palm-1 , 69.37%, 33.78%, 53.61%) this is for the traits (fruit weight, cluster weight, yield, total soluble solids, reducing sugars, total sugars), respectively. Also, spraying with gibberellin showed a significant effect on the traits (fruit weight, cluster weight, yield, total soluble solids), and the treatment (G2) gave the highest values for the traits (fruit weight, cluster weight, yield), with 10.53 g, 15.46 kg cluster-1 , 123.71 kg palm-1 , respectively. At the same time, treatment (G0) achieved the highest value of total soluble solids (67.50%). On the other hand, salicylic spraying did not significantly affect the studied traits, except total soluble solids and reducing sugars. The concentration (S2) showed the best values for the two traits, with 67.59% and 34.36%, respectively. The two-way interactions between the study factors showed a significant effect that varied according to the type of trait and the interaction factors. Whereas the three-way interaction between the study factors reached the level of significance in all the studied traits. The most significant effect of the interactions was achieved according to the type of trait and the interacting factors, while the control treatment showed the lowest values of most of the traits. Keywords: Date palm, Micro-elements, Gibberellic acid, Salicylic acid, yield.
{"title":"Effect of Spraying with Micro-Elements, Gibberellic Acid and Salicylic Acid on Some Yield Traits of Date Palm CV. Khastawi.","authors":"Nafea. A. Jubair, Ahmed. F. Z. Al-Dulaimy","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.70","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in one of the private palm orchards in the\u0000Euphrates district on date palm trees (CV. Khastawi) aged 30 years to find out\u0000the response of the date palm cultivar Khastawi to spraying with micro-elements\u0000at concentrations (0, 1 g L-1\u0000) and symbolized by (M0 and M1), and spraying with\u0000gibberellic acid at concentrations (0, 100, 200 mg L-1\u0000) and symbolized by (G0,\u0000G1, and G2) respectively, and spraying with salicylic acid in concentrations (0,\u0000100, 200 mg L-1\u0000) and symbols symbolized by (S0, S1, S2) respectively. 54 trees\u0000were selected as homogeneous as possible, and the number of fronds for palms\u0000and fruit clusters was unified. All service operations of the orchard were carried\u0000out similarly to adding animal manure, pruning, pollination, watering, pest control and other service operations for all experimental units. The results showed\u0000that spraying with microelements at a concentration (M1) significantly affected\u0000all studied traits except for the non-reducing sugar content of the fruits. It\u0000amounted to (10.76 g, 15.63 kg cluster-1\u0000, 125.03 kg palm-1\u0000, 69.37%, 33.78%,\u000053.61%) this is for the traits (fruit weight, cluster weight, yield, total soluble solids, reducing sugars, total sugars), respectively. Also, spraying with gibberellin\u0000showed a significant effect on the traits (fruit weight, cluster weight, yield, total\u0000soluble solids), and the treatment (G2) gave the highest values for the traits (fruit\u0000weight, cluster weight, yield), with 10.53 g, 15.46 kg cluster-1\u0000, 123.71 kg palm-1\u0000,\u0000respectively. At the same time, treatment (G0) achieved the highest value of total\u0000soluble solids (67.50%).\u0000On the other hand, salicylic spraying did not significantly affect the studied traits,\u0000except total soluble solids and reducing sugars. The concentration (S2) showed\u0000the best values for the two traits, with 67.59% and 34.36%, respectively. The\u0000two-way interactions between the study factors showed a significant effect that\u0000varied according to the type of trait and the interaction factors. Whereas the\u0000three-way interaction between the study factors reached the level of significance\u0000in all the studied traits. The most significant effect of the interactions was\u0000achieved according to the type of trait and the interacting factors, while the control treatment showed the lowest values of most of the traits.\u0000Keywords: Date palm, Micro-elements, Gibberellic acid, Salicylic acid, yield.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116831300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.100
Sanaa Khadem Abdul-Amir Ali Al-Fatlawy, Abdoun H.Alwan, H. J. Al-Fatlawy
The study was conducted using plastic pots during the growing season 2020-2021 in private field crops at the Holy Karbala Governorate to study the effect of the quality of water, soil moisture and potassium levels on lead and cadmium of wheat plant var. A.L. baraka. A factorial experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design (C.R.D.) with three replications, which included two types of irrigation water treated heavy water and soft water, three levels of field capacity, i.e., %, 50% and 100% and four levels of potassium, i.e., 0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg. L-1 The experiment included 72 experimental units. The results were statistically analyzed, and the means of treatments were compared using the least significant difference under the probability level of 0.05. The following characteristics were measurements: The element lead and cadmium in the roots, leaves and leaves were obtained; results were statistically different in the traits under study; treated water treatment gave the highest values for the concentration of lead and cadmium in leaves and grains, their averages were 17.38 mg-1 0.691 mg mg-1 , 0.207 mg. .061 mg.kg-1 and 0.031 mg.kg-1 and 6.48, respectively. The highest concentration is 6.69 mg. Direct lead to water (treated) was 3.983 over its counterpart in plain water 1.035, with an increase of 298.3%. The heavy water treatment gave a very high value with leaves cadmium concentration of 0.6916 mg. Cadmium 1 mg.kg.compared to the treatment of soft water, which gave the value 0.0311 mg.kg-1 , with an increase of 565.59%.Treatment of 100% of the field capacity value gave the highest lead and cadmium concentration values in roots, leaves and grains 14.41 mg-1 ,2.716,1.389,0.480,0.383 and 0.181 sequentially. The addition of (3000) potassium decreased the lead concentration in the roots, leaves and grains due to potassium application of 9.73 mg1 ,2.170,1.056,0.39,0.233 and 0.079 sequentially. Keywords: lead, cadmium, wheat plant, water quality, water stress, potassium.
{"title":"Lead and cadmium in wheat plants as influenced by water quality,\u0000water stress and potassium.","authors":"Sanaa Khadem Abdul-Amir Ali Al-Fatlawy, Abdoun H.Alwan, H. J. Al-Fatlawy","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.100","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted using plastic pots during the growing season\u00002020-2021 in private field crops at the Holy Karbala Governorate to study the effect of the quality of water, soil moisture and potassium levels on lead and cadmium of wheat plant var. A.L. baraka. A factorial experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design (C.R.D.) with three replications, which included two types of irrigation water treated heavy water and soft water, three levels of field capacity, i.e., %, 50% and 100% and four levels of potassium, i.e., 0,\u00001000, 2000 and 3000 mg. L-1 The experiment included 72 experimental units.\u0000The results were statistically analyzed, and the means of treatments were compared using the least significant difference under the probability level of 0.05.\u0000The following characteristics were measurements: The element lead and cadmium in the roots, leaves and leaves were obtained; results were statistically different in the traits under study; treated water treatment gave the highest values for\u0000the concentration of lead and cadmium in leaves and grains, their averages were\u000017.38 mg-1\u00000.691 mg mg-1\u0000, 0.207 mg. .061 mg.kg-1 and 0.031 mg.kg-1 and 6.48,\u0000respectively. The highest concentration is 6.69 mg. Direct lead to water (treated)\u0000was 3.983 over its counterpart in plain water 1.035, with an increase of 298.3%.\u0000The heavy water treatment gave a very high value with leaves cadmium concentration of 0.6916 mg. Cadmium 1 mg.kg.compared to the treatment of soft water,\u0000which gave the value 0.0311 mg.kg-1\u0000, with an increase of 565.59%.Treatment of\u0000100% of the field capacity value gave the highest lead and cadmium concentration values in roots, leaves and grains 14.41 mg-1\u0000,2.716,1.389,0.480,0.383 and\u00000.181 sequentially. The addition of (3000) potassium decreased the lead concentration in the roots, leaves and grains due to potassium application of 9.73 mg1\u0000,2.170,1.056,0.39,0.233 and 0.079 sequentially.\u0000Keywords: lead, cadmium, wheat plant, water quality, water stress, potassium.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115030387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.13
Now, the trend has begun to use some types of herbs, including salvia sage, in the development of medicines and medicinal drugs instead of synthetic drugs because they are antimicrobial and are considered preservatives against food spoilage. Sage is also an aromatic material used as a food flavoring. This work represented examining the antibacterial impact of the sage extract on four types of pathogenic and drug-resistant bacteria in vitro, like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas eruginosa, besides Klebsiella pneumonia, Providencia, and Burkholderia. On the other hand, cytotoxic effects of the ethanol extract of Salvia showed antitumor activity on MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner as the cell viability against MCF-7 cells was decreased with an IC50 of μg/ml. The experimental study of the antibacterial influence of extracted sage plants from ethanol on the evolution of multi-drug resistant bacteria was fulfilled with good diffusion at different concentrations: 50, 150, 200 mg/mL, and microdilution methods. Disclose the impact of the sage methanol extract on MCF-7 cell viability. In our study, Ethanol extracts of sage in the good diffusion method displayed obvious notable inhibitory against bacterial growth. These results refer to the inhibitory impacts of ethanol extract of sage with MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration)=8 mg/mL owing to S.aureus, MIC=5 mg/mL for E. coli, MIC=4.4 mg/mL owing to P. aeruginous, MIC=4.2 mg/mL owing to Burkholderia, MIC=5.7 mg/mL owing to Klebsiella pneumonia. The impact found with Providencia. Results indicated a dose-dependently growth inhibition (63.18% at 250 µg mLG1 ). Concerning the antibacterial impact of ethanol extracts of Sage on the multi-drug impervious to bacteria, the use of herbs as a replacement to antibiotics after pharmacological studies for treatment is recommended. Methanol extract of sage exhibited profound cytotoxicity activity against the MCF-7 cell line. Keywords: Salvia sclarea, sage, Antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, MCF-7 cell line.
{"title":"Potential action of SAGE extracts to prevent the growth of bacteria isolated\u0000from patients suffering from diarrhea and one type of cancer cell","authors":"","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.13","url":null,"abstract":"Now, the trend has begun to use some types of herbs, including salvia sage, in the\u0000development of medicines and medicinal drugs instead of synthetic drugs because they are antimicrobial and are considered preservatives against food spoilage. Sage is also an aromatic material used as a food flavoring. This work represented examining the antibacterial impact of the sage extract on four types of\u0000pathogenic and drug-resistant bacteria in vitro, like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas eruginosa, besides Klebsiella pneumonia, Providencia, and Burkholderia. On the other hand, cytotoxic effects of the ethanol extract\u0000of Salvia showed antitumor activity on MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner\u0000as the cell viability against MCF-7 cells was decreased with an IC50 of μg/ml.\u0000The experimental study of the antibacterial influence of extracted sage plants\u0000from ethanol on the evolution of multi-drug resistant bacteria was fulfilled with\u0000good diffusion at different concentrations: 50, 150, 200 mg/mL, and microdilution methods. Disclose the impact of the sage methanol extract on MCF-7 cell viability.\u0000In our study, Ethanol extracts of sage in the good diffusion method displayed obvious notable inhibitory against bacterial growth. These results refer to the inhibitory impacts of ethanol extract of sage with MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration)=8 mg/mL owing to S.aureus, MIC=5 mg/mL for E. coli, MIC=4.4\u0000mg/mL owing to P. aeruginous, MIC=4.2 mg/mL owing to Burkholderia,\u0000MIC=5.7 mg/mL owing to Klebsiella pneumonia. The impact found with Providencia. Results indicated a dose-dependently growth inhibition (63.18% at 250\u0000µg mLG1\u0000). Concerning the antibacterial impact of ethanol extracts of Sage on the\u0000multi-drug impervious to bacteria, the use of herbs as a replacement to antibiotics\u0000after pharmacological studies for treatment is recommended. Methanol extract of\u0000sage exhibited profound cytotoxicity activity against the MCF-7 cell line.\u0000Keywords: Salvia sclarea, sage, Antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, MCF-7 cell\u0000line.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115229146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.44
Ridhab Mahmood ALhadidi, Ahmed Khudhair Al-Hamairy, Huda Jasim M. Altameme
Hydatid cystic disease is a financial burden in Iraq because it reduces the productivity of sheep, goats, cows, and camels by leaving their afflicted organs unsuitable for human consumption, causing weight loss and poor health. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and applicability of Brassica oleracea boiling water extract as an in-vitro anti-protoscolices therapy model to albendazole. Fresh leaves of purple cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) were extracted comprehensively by maceration in boiling water, and the required 100, 200, and 300 mg/ml concentrations were tested. Hydatid (human or animal) samples were collected from the hospital and external laboratories in Babylon province and stored in Kreb ringers culture media and cyst fluid (4:1) until use. For comparison, several concentrations of albendazole were generated. In three replications, the control group received one milliliter of distilled water and all of the extract and drug concentrations stated above. The viability rates of the protoscolices were determined for (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216) hours. According to the findings, the proportion of viable protoscolices was 84 % at zero time and 0 % on the ninth day after the experiment began. The boiling water extract for purple cabbages with a concentration of 300 mg/ml was shown to be the most successful in removing protoscolices viability at a percentage of 0.67% after 96 hours, compared to the albendazole medicine at a percentage of 0% after 120 hours. The findings of a boiling water extract from Brassica oleracea var. capitata revealed that protoscolices' viability had been effective. It can also be used as an alternative to chemotherapy in treating cyst hydatid infection. Keywords: Purple cabbages, Protoscolices, Echinococcosis, Albendazole, plant extract
包虫囊性疾病是伊拉克的一个财政负担，因为它使绵羊、山羊、奶牛和骆驼的患病器官不适合人类食用，从而降低了它们的生产力，导致体重下降和健康状况不佳。本研究旨在评价甘蓝沸水提取物对阿苯达唑体外抗原脊柱侧弯的疗效和适用性。用沸水浸渍法综合提取紫甘蓝(Brassicaoleracea var. capitata)鲜叶，测定所需浓度为100、200、300 mg/ml。从巴比伦省的医院和外部实验室收集包虫(人或动物)样本，保存在krebringer培养基和囊肿液(4:1)中直至使用。为了比较，产生了几种浓度的阿苯达唑。在三个重复中，对照组接受1毫升蒸馏水和上述所有提取物和药物浓度。在0、24、48、72、96、120、144、168、192,216)小时内测定原脊柱的存活率。实验结果表明，在实验开始后的第9天，原生弯杆菌的存活率为0%，而在实验开始后的第9天存活率为84%。结果表明，紫甘蓝沸水提取物浓度为300 mg/ml, 96小时后对原菌丝活性的去除率为0.67%，而阿苯达唑药物在120小时后对原菌丝活性的去除率为0%。从甘蓝中提取的沸水提取物的研究结果表明，原脊柱的活力是有效的。它也可以作为化疗的替代治疗包虫病。关键词:紫甘蓝;原棘球蚴;阿苯达唑
{"title":"Comparison of the activity of boiling water extract of purple cabbage\u0000leaves and albendazole drug against protoscolices of Echinococcus\u0000granulosus In vitro study.","authors":"Ridhab Mahmood ALhadidi, Ahmed Khudhair Al-Hamairy, Huda Jasim M. Altameme","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.44","url":null,"abstract":"Hydatid cystic disease is a financial burden in Iraq because it reduces the\u0000productivity of sheep, goats, cows, and camels by leaving their afflicted\u0000organs unsuitable for human consumption, causing weight loss and poor\u0000health. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and applicability of\u0000Brassica oleracea boiling water extract as an in-vitro anti-protoscolices\u0000therapy model to albendazole. Fresh leaves of purple cabbages (Brassica\u0000oleracea var. capitata) were extracted comprehensively by maceration in\u0000boiling water, and the required 100, 200, and 300 mg/ml concentrations\u0000were tested. Hydatid (human or animal) samples were collected from the\u0000hospital and external laboratories in Babylon province and stored in Kreb\u0000ringers culture media and cyst fluid (4:1) until use. For comparison, several concentrations of albendazole were generated. In three replications,\u0000the control group received one milliliter of distilled water and all of the\u0000extract and drug concentrations stated above. The viability rates of the\u0000protoscolices were determined for (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192,\u0000216) hours. According to the findings, the proportion of viable protoscolices was 84 % at zero time and 0 % on the ninth day after the experiment began. The boiling water extract for purple cabbages with a\u0000concentration of 300 mg/ml was shown to be the most successful in removing protoscolices viability at a percentage of 0.67% after 96 hours,\u0000compared to the albendazole medicine at a percentage of 0% after 120\u0000hours. The findings of a boiling water extract from Brassica oleracea var.\u0000capitata revealed that protoscolices' viability had been effective. It can\u0000also be used as an alternative to chemotherapy in treating cyst hydatid\u0000infection.\u0000Keywords: Purple cabbages, Protoscolices, Echinococcosis, Albendazole, plant extract","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115620791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.54
Zahraa H. Kadhim1, Mais E. Ahmed, Ilker Simsek
The risk of significant concern is resistance to antibiotics for public health. The alternative treatment of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), such as heavy metals, effects on antibiotic resistance bacteria with different types of antibiotics of - impossible to treat using noval eco-friendly synthesis technique nanoparticles copper oxide (CuO NPs) preparation from S. epidermidis showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against S.aureus Minimum inhibitory concentra range (16,32,64,256,512) µg/ml via well diffusion method in vitro, discover those concentrations effected in those bacteria and the best concentration is 64 µg/ml, characterization CuO NPs to prove this included atomic force microscope, UV, X-ray Diffraction and TEM, and anticancer activity was tested against cell membrane A375. The cell viability was decreased with increasing the CuNPs. It displayed a dose-dependent sequence of progressive cytotoxicity beginning at a lower concentration to its maximum inhibition (22)% inhibition of HdFn cells and (66)% inhibition of A375 cells. Keywords: CuO NPs, Green Synthesis, A375cells.
{"title":"Biologically synthesized Copper Nanoparticles from S. epidermidis on resistant S. aureus and cytotoxic assay","authors":"Zahraa H. Kadhim1, Mais E. Ahmed, Ilker Simsek","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.54","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of significant concern is resistance to antibiotics for public health. The alternative treatment of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), such as\u0000heavy metals, effects on antibiotic resistance bacteria with different types of antibiotics of - impossible to treat using noval eco-friendly synthesis technique nanoparticles copper oxide (CuO NPs) preparation from S. epidermidis showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against S.aureus Minimum inhibitory concentra\u0000range (16,32,64,256,512) µg/ml via well diffusion method in vitro, discover those\u0000concentrations effected in those bacteria and the best concentration is 64 µg/ml,\u0000characterization CuO NPs to prove this included atomic force microscope, UV,\u0000X-ray Diffraction and TEM, and anticancer activity was tested against cell membrane A375. The cell viability was decreased with increasing the CuNPs. It displayed a dose-dependent sequence of progressive cytotoxicity beginning at a\u0000lower concentration to its maximum inhibition (22)% inhibition of HdFn cells\u0000and (66)% inhibition of A375 cells.\u0000Keywords: CuO NPs, Green Synthesis, A375cells.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125690702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.49
Ahmed A. Al-Behadili, Osama T. Al-Taai, Abdul Haleem Ali Al-Muhy
The Arabian Gulf region is regarded as one of the world's most significant commercial areas, with large-scale and continuous marine shipments of commodities and goods to and from the Gulf. Iraqi ports are one of the most important ports in the Gulf, and they are a vital source of revenue for the Iraqi economy because of the money they bring in, as any stoppage of operations or damage to the ports may lead Iraq to lose a significant amount of money and halt shipping operations. Maritime accidents are one of the most significant concerns that have resulted in the suspension of maritime navigation and loading and unloading activities in Iraqi ports since there are various forms of marine accidents and many causes. With this study, we will look at maritime accidents caused by bad weather, as there have been many recent marine mishaps and ship collisions caused by bad weather, resulting in the loss of life and equipment and halting marine activities. We'll look at a few incidents, the meteorological conditions that contribute to them, and the link between them and the most likely cause of the accident. We will study an accident that occurred in the port of Khor Al-Zubair in 2018, which is considered one of the most important ports of Iraq, as it contains berths for importing and exporting goods, as well as on many of the Iraqi oil export berths, the accident of the Iraqi crane, Aba Thar. This report advises Iraqi port officials to limit activity in severe weather to reduce accidents that lead to loss of life and equipment and significant economic losses to the country. Keywords: Khor Al-Zubair, Maritime accidents, Aba Thar, Bad weather, The Arabian Gulf
{"title":"Analysis of ship accident resulting from bad weather conditions in the port of Khor\u0000Al-Zubair, Iraqi crane accident Aba Thar: a case study","authors":"Ahmed A. Al-Behadili, Osama T. Al-Taai, Abdul Haleem Ali Al-Muhy","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.49","url":null,"abstract":"The Arabian Gulf region is regarded as one of the world's most significant commercial areas, with large-scale and continuous marine shipments of commodities\u0000and goods to and from the Gulf. Iraqi ports are one of the most important ports in\u0000the Gulf, and they are a vital source of revenue for the Iraqi economy because of\u0000the money they bring in, as any stoppage of operations or damage to the ports\u0000may lead Iraq to lose a significant amount of money and halt shipping operations.\u0000Maritime accidents are one of the most significant concerns that have resulted in\u0000the suspension of maritime navigation and loading and unloading activities in\u0000Iraqi ports since there are various forms of marine accidents and many causes.\u0000With this study, we will look at maritime accidents caused by bad weather, as\u0000there have been many recent marine mishaps and ship collisions caused by bad\u0000weather, resulting in the loss of life and equipment and halting marine activities.\u0000We'll look at a few incidents, the meteorological conditions that contribute to\u0000them, and the link between them and the most likely cause of the accident. We\u0000will study an accident that occurred in the port of Khor Al-Zubair in 2018, which\u0000is considered one of the most important ports of Iraq, as it contains berths for importing and exporting goods, as well as on many of the Iraqi oil export berths, the\u0000accident of the Iraqi crane, Aba Thar. This report advises Iraqi port officials to\u0000limit activity in severe weather to reduce accidents that lead to loss of life and\u0000equipment and significant economic losses to the country.\u0000Keywords: Khor Al-Zubair, Maritime accidents, Aba Thar, Bad weather, The\u0000Arabian Gulf","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"1674 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127448669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.55
Ahmed Kadhim Fazaa Al-Ghanimi
Four areas were selected in the Al-Rehab region, the desert of Muthanna Governorate, which differs in the management style, the duration of agricultural exploitation, and the quality of irrigation water. It was taken in each Pedon region, and the morphological and chemical measurements were revealed and conducted. It was found that the thickness of the A horizon ranged between 10-15 centimeters and the thickness of the B horizon between 25-45 centimeters in all study pedons. The administration style did not affect Hue, as all horizons were within the color (10YR) and chroma, as the colors ranged from light white to very bale brown (10 YR7/4) and white (10YR8/1), the soil texture was between Sandy loam, Sandy clay loam, Loamy Sand. As for the chemical properties, the percentage of lime CaCO3 ranged between (250-400) gm/km-1 and the percentage of gypsum ranged between (1.2-1.8) g. km-1 The electrical conductivity EC ranged between (3.9-18)ds.m-1 , while the organic matter was between (2.1- 13.5) and the CEC values ranged between (12-18Coml.kg). Keywords: soil management, calcareous soils
{"title":"The effect of soil management method on some characteristics of\u0000limestone soils in the Muthanna desert","authors":"Ahmed Kadhim Fazaa Al-Ghanimi","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.55","url":null,"abstract":"Four areas were selected in the Al-Rehab region, the desert of\u0000Muthanna Governorate, which differs in the management style, the duration of\u0000agricultural exploitation, and the quality of irrigation water. It was taken in each\u0000Pedon region, and the morphological and chemical measurements were revealed\u0000and conducted. It was found that the thickness of the A horizon ranged between\u000010-15 centimeters and the thickness of the B horizon between 25-45 centimeters\u0000in all study pedons. The administration style did not affect Hue, as all horizons\u0000were within the color (10YR) and chroma, as the colors ranged from light white\u0000to very bale brown (10 YR7/4) and white (10YR8/1), the soil texture was between Sandy loam, Sandy clay loam, Loamy Sand. As for the chemical properties, the percentage of lime CaCO3 ranged between (250-400) gm/km-1\u0000and the\u0000percentage of gypsum ranged between (1.2-1.8) g. km-1 The electrical conductivity EC ranged between (3.9-18)ds.m-1\u0000, while the organic matter was between (2.1-\u000013.5) and the CEC values ranged between (12-18Coml.kg).\u0000Keywords: soil management, calcareous soils","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116028881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.92
Zainab Hussein Alewi, Taghreed Fakhir Gaber Zwayen, Hameedaa Abd Noor Abbood, Mansoor A. Aboohanah
An experimental trial was conducted at Al-Haidariya district, Najaf governorate, Iraq, for the spring season of 2019-2020. The experiment included two factors. The first factor included three cultivars of the tomato plant Solanum lycopersicum (Jawahiri, Al-Ibrahimi and Al-Asili). The second factor included spraying three concentrations of Ceratophyllum demersum (hornwort) extract, which are (0,5,10) ml -l , on vegetative growth. Randomized complete block design (R. C. B. D.) was used as a factorial experiment in a split-plot design with three replicates for each treatment. Duncan's multiple range test was adopted to compare the mean with a probability of 0.05% level of significance. The results appear of the variety on the vegetative growth indicators, as the Al-Asili variety outperformed in increasing the plant height, the number of plant leaves, the number of main branches, leaf area, dry weight, chlorophyll percentage, and the amount of yield, which amounted to 54.43cm, 97.63 leaves. plant-1 and 6.66 branches. plant-1 , and it reached 73.86 cm2 . and 125 % for dry weight percentage, while the total chlorophyll content was 1.23 mg.gm-1 and 10.1Km, compared to the Al-Jawhari cultivar, which had the least effect on plant height on reaching 37.43cm, 68.76 leaves. plant-1, and the number of papers was 62.06 cm2 . Leaf -1 , while the dry weight decreased and the chlorophyll the variety Al-Ibrahimi 83.33 g and 1.04 mg.gm-1 . Spraying at a concentration of 10 ml.l-1 increased the vegetative growth characteristics significantly, as the plant height reached 54.46 cm and the number of leaves was 100.76. Plant - 1 , and the number of branches is 6.3 branches. Plant-1 leaf area amounted to 73.53 cm2 , the dry weight of the shoot was 133.33%, and the percentage of total chlorophyll was 1.22 mg.gm-1 Keywords: Ceratophyllum demersum, hornwort, Solanum lycopersicum, vegetative parameters
2019-2020年春季，在伊拉克纳贾夫省Al-Haidariya区进行了一项实验性试验。实验包括两个因素。第一个因素包括番茄植物Solanumlycopersicum的三个品种(Jawahiri, Al-Ibrahimi和Al-Asili)。第二个影响因素包括对营养生长喷洒三种浓度的角苔提取物，分别为(0、5、10)ml -l。随机完全区组设计(rr . C. B. D.)作为析因试验，采用裂图设计，每个处理有三个重复。采用Duncan多重极差检验比较均值，显著性水平概率为0.05%。在营养生长指标上，阿斯利品种在株高、叶数、主枝数、叶面积、干重、叶绿素含量、产量等方面表现较好，达到54.43cm，叶数97.63片。plant-1and 6.66分支。1号厂房，面积达73.86 cm2。干重率为125%，总叶绿素含量为1.23 mg。与Al-Jawhari品种相比，gm-1和10.1Km对株高的影响最小，达到37.43cm, 68.76片。Plant-1，论文数为62.06 cm2。干重下降，叶绿素含量分别为83.33g和1.04 mg.gm-1。喷施浓度为10 ml.l-1显著提高了植株的营养生长特性，株高达到54.46 cm，叶片数达到100.76个。植物- 1，分支数为6.3个分支。植株1号叶面积73.53 cm2，茎干重133.33%，总叶绿素含量1.22 mg。关键词:角苔，角苔，番茄茄，营养参数
{"title":"Influence of variety and hornwort extract on growth and yield of\u0000tomato plant","authors":"Zainab Hussein Alewi, Taghreed Fakhir Gaber Zwayen, Hameedaa Abd Noor Abbood, Mansoor A. Aboohanah","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.92","url":null,"abstract":"An experimental trial was conducted at Al-Haidariya district, Najaf\u0000governorate, Iraq, for the spring season of 2019-2020. The experiment included\u0000two factors. The first factor included three cultivars of the tomato plant Solanum\u0000lycopersicum (Jawahiri, Al-Ibrahimi and Al-Asili). The second factor included\u0000spraying three concentrations of Ceratophyllum demersum (hornwort) extract,\u0000which are (0,5,10) ml -l\u0000, on vegetative growth. Randomized complete block design (R. C. B. D.) was used as a factorial experiment in a split-plot design with\u0000three replicates for each treatment. Duncan's multiple range test was adopted to\u0000compare the mean with a probability of 0.05% level of significance. The results\u0000appear of the variety on the vegetative growth indicators, as the Al-Asili variety\u0000outperformed in increasing the plant height, the number of plant leaves, the number of main branches, leaf area, dry weight, chlorophyll percentage, and the\u0000amount of yield, which amounted to 54.43cm, 97.63 leaves. plant-1\u0000and 6.66\u0000branches. plant-1\u0000, and it reached 73.86 cm2\u0000. and 125 % for dry weight percentage,\u0000while the total chlorophyll content was 1.23 mg.gm-1\u0000and 10.1Km, compared to\u0000the Al-Jawhari cultivar, which had the least effect on plant height on reaching\u000037.43cm, 68.76 leaves. plant-1, and the number of papers was 62.06 cm2\u0000. Leaf -1\u0000,\u0000while the dry weight decreased and the chlorophyll the variety Al-Ibrahimi 83.33\u0000g and 1.04 mg.gm-1\u0000. Spraying at a concentration of 10 ml.l-1\u0000increased the vegetative growth characteristics significantly, as the plant height reached 54.46 cm and\u0000the number of leaves was 100.76. Plant - 1\u0000, and the number of branches is 6.3\u0000branches. Plant-1\u0000leaf area amounted to 73.53 cm2\u0000, the dry weight of the shoot\u0000was 133.33%, and the percentage of total chlorophyll was 1.22 mg.gm-1\u0000Keywords: Ceratophyllum demersum, hornwort, Solanum lycopersicum, vegetative parameters","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123427024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.71
Hussein Ali shaghati, Emad Hamdi Jassim, Labib A. Kadhim AL-Zubaidi
The increasing resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to antibiotics has led to difficulties in treating infections due to its virulence factors. As one of its major pathogenic factors, this opportunistic pathogen may develop a thick biofilm coating, allowing the bacteria to attach to living or nonliving surfaces and promote drug resistance. Searching for therapeutic alternatives from a plant source that was safe and effective in treating this multi-drug-resistant bacteria was necessary. In this concept, Syzygium aromaticum extract (SAE) is used to combat K. pneumonia. The extract was confirmed by GC-MS and loaded onto chitosan nanoparticles (SACSNPs). The SACSNPs were prepared by the ionic gelation method with tripolyphosphate (TPP). And then characterized using UVvis, FTIR, AFM, SEM, and XRD techniques. The K. pneumonia isolates were obtained and identified using the VITEK-2 system. The MIC of SAE and SACSNPs were confirmed using a 96-well resazurin-aided microdilution method, which was 6.25 μg/ml for SACSNPs and 75.5 μg/ml for SAE. The inhibitory activity using sub-MIC of analytical substances was determined by measuring the optical density using a microplate reader with a 96-well plate and 0.1% crystal violet dye. The results show that the S. aromaticum extract loaded with chitosan nanoparticles has higher inhibitory activity against the biofilm formation of K. pneumonia than the S. aromaticum extract. Keywords: Chitosan nanoparticles, S. aromaticum, K. pneumonia, Biofilm, GCMS, resazurin, XRD.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Inhibitory Activity of Syzygium aromaticum Extract -Chitosan Nanoparticles Against Biofilm Formation of\u0000Klebsiella pneumonia","authors":"Hussein Ali shaghati, Emad Hamdi Jassim, Labib A. Kadhim AL-Zubaidi","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.71","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to antibiotics has\u0000led to difficulties in treating infections due to its virulence factors. As one of its\u0000major pathogenic factors, this opportunistic pathogen may develop a thick biofilm coating, allowing the bacteria to attach to living or nonliving surfaces and\u0000promote drug resistance. Searching for therapeutic alternatives from a plant\u0000source that was safe and effective in treating this multi-drug-resistant bacteria\u0000was necessary. In this concept, Syzygium aromaticum extract (SAE) is used to\u0000combat K. pneumonia. The extract was confirmed by GC-MS and loaded onto\u0000chitosan nanoparticles (SACSNPs). The SACSNPs were prepared by the ionic\u0000gelation method with tripolyphosphate (TPP). And then characterized using UVvis, FTIR, AFM, SEM, and XRD techniques. The K. pneumonia isolates were\u0000obtained and identified using the VITEK-2 system. The MIC of SAE and\u0000SACSNPs were confirmed using a 96-well resazurin-aided microdilution method,\u0000which was 6.25 μg/ml for SACSNPs and 75.5 μg/ml for SAE. The inhibitory activity using sub-MIC of analytical substances was determined by measuring the\u0000optical density using a microplate reader with a 96-well plate and 0.1% crystal\u0000violet dye. The results show that the S. aromaticum extract loaded with chitosan\u0000nanoparticles has higher inhibitory activity against the biofilm formation of K.\u0000pneumonia than the S. aromaticum extract.\u0000Keywords: Chitosan nanoparticles, S. aromaticum, K. pneumonia, Biofilm, GCMS, resazurin, XRD.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"279 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122536817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.50
Hind Yarub Abdul-Wahab, H. Raad Abdulbaqi
Matcha tea is a fine-powdered green tea with a unique "Umami” taste. It is a popular beverage prepared from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, which is growing under the shade a few weeks before harvesting the leaves. Consequently, Matcha tea is a green tea possessing distinctive proportions of bioactive chemicals. The health-promoting effects of Matcha tea are well-documented. Matcha tea constituents have diverse beneficial biological activities such as anticarcinogenic, anti-stress, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and enhancing cognitive function. On the other hand, research regarding oral healthpromoting properties of Matcha tea has yet to be conducted. Oral health benefits of Matcha tea are always granted to green tea. This review highlights the healthpromoting properties of Matcha tea and its chemical composition. Also, it summarizes the oral health benefits of green tea as a representative of matcha tea. It is highly suggested to investigate the benefits of Matcha tea for enhancing oral health as it shares bioactive components with green tea but at different proportions. Keywords: Matcha tea, oral health, Camellia sinensis
{"title":"Does Matcha tea enhance oral health? A narrative review","authors":"Hind Yarub Abdul-Wahab, H. Raad Abdulbaqi","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.50","url":null,"abstract":"Matcha tea is a fine-powdered green tea with a unique \"Umami” taste. It is a\u0000popular beverage prepared from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, which\u0000is growing under the shade a few weeks before harvesting the leaves. Consequently, Matcha tea is a green tea possessing distinctive proportions of bioactive\u0000chemicals. The health-promoting effects of Matcha tea are well-documented.\u0000Matcha tea constituents have diverse beneficial biological activities such as anticarcinogenic, anti-stress, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, and enhancing cognitive function. On the other hand, research regarding oral healthpromoting properties of Matcha tea has yet to be conducted. Oral health benefits\u0000of Matcha tea are always granted to green tea. This review highlights the healthpromoting properties of Matcha tea and its chemical composition. Also, it summarizes the oral health benefits of green tea as a representative of matcha tea. It is\u0000highly suggested to investigate the benefits of Matcha tea for enhancing oral\u0000health as it shares bioactive components with green tea but at different proportions.\u0000Keywords: Matcha tea, oral health, Camellia sinensis","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124614695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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