Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.90
Mustafa S. Ghaji, Yasmeen J. Mohammed, Thaer R. Mhalhal, Y. Mohammed
Immunity in some animals, such as goats, stands for unique properties by which they withstand unpleasant environments. Spleen influences animals' immunity through its hematopoietic and immunological roles. Because of that, we emphasized the average morphological and histological properties of the Goat, Sheep, Cow and Buffalo spleen. We randomly collected three spleens for every species from healthy slaughtered Goats, Sheep, Cows and Buffalo. All the animals were adult and weighed about 71, 80, 400 and 500 grams, respectively. Histological cutting was followed according to the paraffin method; then, the samples were ready for microscopic exam. The structure results revealed that the spleen of animals is supported externally by a thick fibromuscular connective tissue capsule, which vascularizes by subcapsular sinus. Stromal trabeculae emerge from the capsule, entering the splenic parenchyma. The parenchyma of animals' spleen differentiates into white pulp, which organizes into the periarterial lymphatic sheath along with lymph nodules, red pulp ropes in splenic sinuses among splenic cords, and marginal zone in which macrophage occupies excellent importance. This study concluded that the amount of smooth muscle in the spleen septa in goats was more than in the rest of the experimental animals. Keywords: Histomorphology; Spleen; Goat; Sheep; Cow; Buffalo
{"title":"Comparative Histomorphological Study of Spleen in Goat, Sheep,\u0000Cow and Buffalo","authors":"Mustafa S. Ghaji, Yasmeen J. Mohammed, Thaer R. Mhalhal, Y. Mohammed","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.90","url":null,"abstract":"Immunity in some animals, such as goats, stands for unique properties\u0000by which they withstand unpleasant environments. Spleen influences animals'\u0000immunity through its hematopoietic and immunological roles. Because of that,\u0000we emphasized the average morphological and histological properties of the\u0000Goat, Sheep, Cow and Buffalo spleen. We randomly collected three spleens for\u0000every species from healthy slaughtered Goats, Sheep, Cows and Buffalo. All the\u0000animals were adult and weighed about 71, 80, 400 and 500 grams, respectively.\u0000Histological cutting was followed according to the paraffin method; then, the\u0000samples were ready for microscopic exam. The structure results revealed that the\u0000spleen of animals is supported externally by a thick fibromuscular connective tissue capsule, which vascularizes by subcapsular sinus. Stromal trabeculae emerge\u0000from the capsule, entering the splenic parenchyma. The parenchyma of animals'\u0000spleen differentiates into white pulp, which organizes into the periarterial lymphatic sheath along with lymph nodules, red pulp ropes in splenic sinuses among\u0000splenic cords, and marginal zone in which macrophage occupies excellent importance. This study concluded that the amount of smooth muscle in the spleen\u0000septa in goats was more than in the rest of the experimental animals.\u0000Keywords: Histomorphology; Spleen; Goat; Sheep; Cow; Buffalo","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116015078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.73
Hussein Ali Mutlag, Intesar N. Khelkal
Due to the importance of the proposed rpoB gene as an alternative biomarker for microbial community studies, this study has focused on phylogenetic relationships among local Proteus clinical isolates. Fifty bacterial isolates were collected and identified phenotypically according to the culture, microscopic examination and biochemical tests. VITEK 2 compact system was used to confirm identification. Genotypic identification was performed after DNA extraction for 10 selected isolates and amplification with rpoB gene-specific primer and gel electrophoresis. The products were detected with a ( 1090 bp ) molecular size band, which was sent for Sanger sequencing using an ABI3730XL automated DNA sequencer, and data were analyzed and compared with standard sequences in GenBank.The isolates have been registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with accession numbers and named (HIMUS1, HIMUS2, HIMUS3, HIMUS4, HIUS5, HIMUS6, HIMUS7, HIMUS8, HIMUS9 and HIMUS10 ). The phylogenetic tree was constructed using partial (895 bp) rpoB gene sequences for those ten strains. Evolutionary distances were calculated using the method of Maximum Composite Likelihood with 1000 bootstrap replicates using GENEIOUS software. The sequences presented a similarity percentage ranging between (98.76% and 100%) when compared with the sequences of standard strains in NCBI. Keywords: rpoB gene, Proteus spp. Sequencing, Phylogenetic analysis
{"title":"Phylogenetic tree of Proteus spp. Based on partial rpoB gene sequence analysis","authors":"Hussein Ali Mutlag, Intesar N. Khelkal","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.73","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the importance of the proposed rpoB gene as an alternative biomarker for microbial community studies, this study has focused on phylogenetic\u0000relationships among local Proteus clinical isolates. Fifty bacterial isolates were\u0000collected and identified phenotypically according to the culture, microscopic examination and biochemical tests. VITEK 2 compact system was used to confirm\u0000identification. Genotypic identification was performed after DNA extraction for\u000010 selected isolates and amplification with rpoB gene-specific primer and gel\u0000electrophoresis. The products were detected with a ( 1090 bp ) molecular size\u0000band, which was sent for Sanger sequencing using an ABI3730XL automated\u0000DNA sequencer, and data were analyzed and compared with standard sequences\u0000in GenBank.The isolates have been registered in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) with accession numbers and named (HIMUS1, HIMUS2, HIMUS3, HIMUS4, HIUS5, HIMUS6, HIMUS7, HIMUS8, HIMUS9\u0000and HIMUS10 ). The phylogenetic tree was constructed using partial (895 bp)\u0000rpoB gene sequences for those ten strains. Evolutionary distances were calculated\u0000using the method of Maximum Composite Likelihood with 1000 bootstrap replicates using GENEIOUS software. The sequences presented a similarity percentage ranging between (98.76% and 100%) when compared with the sequences of\u0000standard strains in NCBI.\u0000Keywords: rpoB gene, Proteus spp. Sequencing, Phylogenetic analysis","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133087666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.82
Shahad Tariq Hamad, Kais Kassim Ghaima
Background: The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae, which causes infection associated with multidrug-resistant strains, is a primary clinical and public health concern. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the expression level of bla-IMP and bla-VIM genes in the presence and absence of meropenem antibiotics. Methods: Eighty K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from 250 urine samples collected from patients in Baghdad Hospitals, Iraq, from November 2020 to March 2021. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured for the isolates by microdilution method. Real-time PCR detected the presence of bla-IMP and bla-VIM resistance genes. The blah-IMP and bla-VIM gene expression levels were measured by real-time PCR in the presence and absence of meropenem antibiotics. Results: The results of this study showed that the higher expression level of blaIMP and bla-VIM increased in resistant strains in the presence of meropenem, where the range of fold for gene expression of bla-VIM was 1.3 to 8.3, while for bla-IMP gene was 1.5 to 8.4. Conclusion: In conclusion, the overuse of meropenem and imipenem antibiotics in the treatment of K. pneumoniae may lead to an increase in the resistance of this species to carbapenems and cephalosporins, and There was a correlation between the meropenem resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates and the gene expression of the tow genes bla-IMP and bla-VIM Keywords: Carbapenem Resistance, Klebsiella pneumoniae, bla-IMP, bla-VIM, Gene expression, UTI.
{"title":"Study the Gene Expression of bla-IMP and bla-VIM Genes In\u0000Meropenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Urinary\u0000Tract Infections","authors":"Shahad Tariq Hamad, Kais Kassim Ghaima","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.82","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae, which causes infection associated with\u0000multidrug-resistant strains, is a primary clinical and public health concern. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the expression level of bla-IMP and bla-VIM\u0000genes in the presence and absence of meropenem antibiotics. Methods: Eighty K.\u0000pneumoniae isolates were obtained from 250 urine samples collected from patients in Baghdad Hospitals, Iraq, from November 2020 to March 2021. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured for the isolates by microdilution method. Real-time PCR detected the presence of bla-IMP and bla-VIM\u0000resistance genes. The blah-IMP and bla-VIM gene expression levels were measured by real-time PCR in the presence and absence of meropenem antibiotics.\u0000Results: The results of this study showed that the higher expression level of blaIMP and bla-VIM increased in resistant strains in the presence of meropenem,\u0000where the range of fold for gene expression of bla-VIM was 1.3 to 8.3, while for\u0000bla-IMP gene was 1.5 to 8.4. Conclusion: In conclusion, the overuse of meropenem and imipenem antibiotics in the treatment of K. pneumoniae may lead to\u0000an increase in the resistance of this species to carbapenems and cephalosporins,\u0000and There was a correlation between the meropenem resistance in K. pneumoniae\u0000isolates and the gene expression of the tow genes bla-IMP and bla-VIM\u0000Keywords: Carbapenem Resistance, Klebsiella pneumoniae, bla-IMP, bla-VIM,\u0000Gene expression, UTI.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125025316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.9
Mohammed Abdulwahab Ati Al-Askeri
Objectives: The study intended to distinguish a likely hereditary variety in the genomic DNA of Iraqi patients corresponding with cervical disease and the possibility of getting an advantage of the potentially produced DNA fragment(s) as a molecular test for future related applications. Methods: Blood and tissue tests were collected from female patients with cervical malignant growth and solid females; DNA was extricated and purged from each example, and then "Irregular Amplification of Polymorphic DNA technique"(RAPD) was directed with oligonucleotide "OPA-20". Results: RAPD results examination with oligonucleotide “OPA-20” could identify four polymorphic DNA groups in the genome of patients females, in which these bands were missing in the majority of genomic DNA of healthy people. Keywords: Tumor, PCR, Iraq, gene polymorphism
{"title":"Random amplified polymorphic DNA -RAPD analysis of human cervical\u0000cancer in Samwha city","authors":"Mohammed Abdulwahab Ati Al-Askeri","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.9","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The study intended to distinguish a likely hereditary variety in the\u0000genomic DNA of Iraqi patients corresponding with cervical disease and the possibility of getting an advantage of the potentially produced DNA fragment(s) as a\u0000molecular test for future related applications. Methods: Blood and tissue tests\u0000were collected from female patients with cervical malignant growth and solid\u0000females; DNA was extricated and purged from each example, and then \"Irregular\u0000Amplification of Polymorphic DNA technique\"(RAPD) was directed with oligonucleotide \"OPA-20\". Results: RAPD results examination with oligonucleotide\u0000“OPA-20” could identify four polymorphic DNA groups in the genome of patients females, in which these bands were missing in the majority of genomic\u0000DNA of healthy people.\u0000Keywords: Tumor, PCR, Iraq, gene polymorphism","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125086893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.6
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriocin represents one of the survival methods in the mixed communities. It had its structure that gathered between colicin, which had enzymatic activity, and the pore-former toxin. Bacteriocins represent a way to gain the battle against the immune system. Antibiotics were the most effective therapy, but with time and random usage, antibiotic resistance has been developed and spread worldwide. In this study, ten isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected for bacteriocin production against three Escherichia coli isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were bacteriocin producer. After that, curing by four concentrations (50, 75,100 and 125) µg /ml of Ethidium bromide was done. The (75 and 100) µg /ml were the most effective concentration in curing. The Antibiotic sensitivity test for the antibiotics was done before and after curing in order to make a combination between bacteriocin production and curing as a way to gain the battle against antibiotic resistance. This study proved that the anti-plasmid factor could be considered a promising way to deal with the progress of the spread of antibiotic resistance in the community. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacteriocin, curing and antibiotic resistance.
铜绿假单胞菌菌素是混合菌群的生存方式之一。它的结构聚集在具有酶活性的大肠杆菌素和成孔毒素之间。细菌素代表了一种战胜免疫系统的方法。抗生素是最有效的治疗方法，但随着时间的推移和随机使用，抗生素耐药性已经发展并在世界范围内蔓延。在本研究中，检测到10株铜绿假单胞菌对3株大肠杆菌产生细菌素。铜绿假单胞菌是细菌素的产生菌。之后，用四种浓度(50、75、100和125)μ g /ml的溴化乙锭进行固化。75µg /ml和100µg /ml是最有效的固化浓度。在抗生素固化前后进行抗生素敏感性测试，以便将细菌素的产生与固化结合起来，作为对抗抗生素耐药性的一种方法。本研究证明，抗质粒因子可以被认为是一种有希望的方法来处理抗生素耐药性在社区传播的进展。关键词:铜绿假单胞菌;细菌素;治疗;
{"title":"Curing of Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Ethidium Bromide","authors":"","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.6","url":null,"abstract":"The Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriocin represents one of the survival methods\u0000in the mixed communities. It had its structure that gathered between colicin, which\u0000had enzymatic activity, and the pore-former toxin. Bacteriocins represent a way to\u0000gain the battle against the immune system. Antibiotics were the most effective\u0000therapy, but with time and random usage, antibiotic resistance has been developed\u0000and spread worldwide. In this study, ten isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were\u0000detected for bacteriocin production against three Escherichia coli isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were bacteriocin producer. After that, curing by four\u0000concentrations (50, 75,100 and 125) µg /ml of Ethidium bromide was done. The\u0000(75 and 100) µg /ml were the most effective concentration in curing. The Antibiotic sensitivity test for the antibiotics was done before and after curing in order to\u0000make a combination between bacteriocin production and curing as a way to gain\u0000the battle against antibiotic resistance. This study proved that the anti-plasmid\u0000factor could be considered a promising way to deal with the progress of the spread\u0000of antibiotic resistance in the community.\u0000Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacteriocin, curing and antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127942515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.12
Mohanad Isawi, T. Dolzhenko
Nanotechnology's application in agriculture has opened up new options for generating nanosized agrochemicals that have the potential to improve efficiency, improve stability, extend the effective duration, and reduce environmental impacts 1 . One of the most pressing difficulties in the agricultural industry is the need to handle pesticide-related issues such as environmental contamination, bioaccumulation, and increases in insect resistance, which necessitates reducing the amount of pesticide sprayed on crops and protecting stored products. Nanotechnology is proving to be an appealing tool for achieving this goal since it provides new ways to synthesize and transport active ingredients known as nanopesticides 1 . Nanoemulsions are particularly well suited to creating lipophilic functional agent delivery systems 2 . The current study uses a high-energy (ultrasound) emulsification approach to create oil-in-water (O/W) acetamiprid nanoemulsions with synthetic and natural additives. The acetamiprid nanoemulsions were spontaneously formed by adding a mixture of acetamiprid and solvent in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant (tween) with continuous stirring. The nanoemulsions were then formed by ultra-sonication. Various characterization techniques for acetamiprid nanoemulsions include particle size analysis (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Acetamiprid nanoemulsions are further evaluated by studying thermodynamic stability. This includes a Centrifugation assay, Freezethaw cycle nanoemulsions, Heating-cooling test, stability at room temperature of 25°C, pH measurement, and viscosity measurement. The droplet size and morphology of the acetamiprid nanoemulsions were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DLS and TEM measurements showed that acetamiprid nanoemulsions had an almost droplet size distribution (PDI < 200 nm). On this basis, an insecticide acetamiprid was incorporated into an optimized nanoemulsion system to demonstrate potential applications in pest control. Keywords: Acetamiprid nanoemulsion, nanoemulsion characterization, nanoemulsion stability.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of acetamiprid nanoemulsion by high-energy\u0000methods","authors":"Mohanad Isawi, T. Dolzhenko","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.12","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology's application in agriculture has opened up new options for generating nanosized agrochemicals that have the potential to improve efficiency,\u0000improve stability, extend the effective duration, and reduce environmental impacts 1\u0000. One of the most pressing difficulties in the agricultural industry is the\u0000need to handle pesticide-related issues such as environmental contamination,\u0000bioaccumulation, and increases in insect resistance, which necessitates reducing\u0000the amount of pesticide sprayed on crops and protecting stored products. Nanotechnology is proving to be an appealing tool for achieving this goal since it provides new ways to synthesize and transport active ingredients known as nanopesticides 1\u0000. Nanoemulsions are particularly well suited to creating lipophilic\u0000functional agent delivery systems 2\u0000. The current study uses a high-energy (ultrasound) emulsification approach to create oil-in-water (O/W) acetamiprid\u0000nanoemulsions with synthetic and natural additives. The acetamiprid nanoemulsions were spontaneously formed by adding a mixture of acetamiprid and solvent\u0000in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant (tween) with continuous stirring.\u0000The nanoemulsions were then formed by ultra-sonication. Various characterization techniques for acetamiprid nanoemulsions include particle size analysis\u0000(DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Acetamiprid nanoemulsions are further evaluated by\u0000studying thermodynamic stability. This includes a Centrifugation assay, Freezethaw cycle nanoemulsions, Heating-cooling test, stability at room temperature of\u000025°C, pH measurement, and viscosity measurement. The droplet size and morphology of the acetamiprid nanoemulsions were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DLS and TEM\u0000measurements showed that acetamiprid nanoemulsions had an almost droplet size\u0000distribution (PDI < 200 nm). On this basis, an insecticide acetamiprid was incorporated into an optimized nanoemulsion system to demonstrate potential applications in pest control.\u0000Keywords: Acetamiprid nanoemulsion, nanoemulsion characterization,\u0000nanoemulsion stability.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129808443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.89
Sarah Jassim Abd, Satar Abood Faris
In the current study, birds (Columba livia ) were used as a new model to study the effect of streptozotocin on the pancreas gland and the blood glucose level. Three concentrations of 75,65,55 mg/kg were adopted for five consecutive days with one IP dose daily. The experimental animals showed a gradual rise in blood glucose the average glucose in the first week of the experiment was usual for the three groups compared with the control group, while there was a significant change in the blood glucose level in the three groups at the end of the experiment (4th week), where the average glucose in the streptozotocin groups was 55 mg/kg (213.80 ± 12.43) mg/dl and the group 65 mg/kg(282.60 ± 16.78) mg/dl and a group of 75 mg/kg( 371.0 ± 38.39) mg/dl. Keywords: Streptozocin, Langerhans islands, pancreas.
{"title":"Effect of Streptozocin on the Langerhans Islands in the pancreas of\u0000birds","authors":"Sarah Jassim Abd, Satar Abood Faris","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.89","url":null,"abstract":"In the current study, birds (Columba livia ) were used as a new model\u0000to study the effect of streptozotocin on the pancreas gland and the blood glucose\u0000level. Three concentrations of 75,65,55 mg/kg were adopted for five consecutive\u0000days with one IP dose daily. The experimental animals showed a gradual rise in\u0000blood glucose the average glucose in the first week of the experiment was usual\u0000for the three groups compared with the control group, while there was a significant change in the blood glucose level in the three groups at the end of the experiment (4th week), where the average glucose in the streptozotocin groups was 55\u0000mg/kg (213.80 ± 12.43) mg/dl and the group 65 mg/kg(282.60 ± 16.78) mg/dl\u0000and a group of 75 mg/kg( 371.0 ± 38.39) mg/dl.\u0000Keywords: Streptozocin, Langerhans islands, pancreas.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128938734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.25
Raghda Waleed Khalid, Yasir Hamad Humada, Muhannad Abdullah Alazzawy
Human Papilloma Virus is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. It causes a series of neoplasms, including cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal, and head-and-neck cancers. The current study aimed to determine the role of human papillomavirus and its relationship to the incidence of recurrent miscarriages. A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out in Kirkuk City on 114 women who had recurrent miscarriages and included 36 women with previous two or more normal pregnancies as controls. Deep vaginal swabs were collected from all women enrolled in the study according to the standard procedure of vaginal swab sampling until PCR extraction and amplification tests were done by realtime PCR for qualitative and quantitative. The study showed that 10.53% (12 of 114) of RPL patients tested positive by PCR, while none of the control patients had PCR +ve results. The mean HPV DNA load detected by RT-PCR from the RPL group (n=12) was 10.95 copies/cell (range 7.665–15.75 copies/cell). Furthermore, it demonstrated that the high mean of HPV DNA load (13.724 copies/cell) was recorded among RPL with a number of abortions (5 and more). It was concluded that human papillomavirus is highly related to recurrent abortion. Keywords: RPL; HPV DNA; E6 protein; RT-PCR
{"title":"Detection of HPV-16 in Cervical Swab in Woman with Recurrent Pregnancy\u0000Loss by Real-Time PCR","authors":"Raghda Waleed Khalid, Yasir Hamad Humada, Muhannad Abdullah Alazzawy","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.25","url":null,"abstract":"Human Papilloma Virus is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. It causes a series of neoplasms, including cervical, vulvar, vaginal, penile,\u0000anal, and head-and-neck cancers. The current study aimed to determine the role of\u0000human papillomavirus and its relationship to the incidence of recurrent miscarriages. A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out in Kirkuk City on\u0000114 women who had recurrent miscarriages and included 36 women with previous\u0000two or more normal pregnancies as controls. Deep vaginal swabs were collected\u0000from all women enrolled in the study according to the standard procedure of vaginal swab sampling until PCR extraction and amplification tests were done by realtime PCR for qualitative and quantitative. The study showed that 10.53% (12 of\u0000114) of RPL patients tested positive by PCR, while none of the control patients had\u0000PCR +ve results. The mean HPV DNA load detected by RT-PCR from the RPL\u0000group (n=12) was 10.95 copies/cell (range 7.665–15.75 copies/cell). Furthermore,\u0000it demonstrated that the high mean of HPV DNA load (13.724 copies/cell) was\u0000recorded among RPL with a number of abortions (5 and more). It was concluded\u0000that human papillomavirus is highly related to recurrent abortion.\u0000Keywords: RPL; HPV DNA; E6 protein; RT-PCR","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127890194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.81
Shaimaa Hameed Hassan, Thaer R. Mhalhal, M. Faisal Majeed
Objective: A comparative study of the histomorphological structure of the wall of the small intestine of the canary (Serinus canaria) and white-eared bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis). Methodology: Five healthy birds from the canary and white-eared bulbul. All birds were euthanized and dissected, and histological staining procedures were used on the specimens. Result: Bulbul's intestine length-to-body length and intestinal weight-to-body weight ratios were higher than a canary's. According to morphological studies, the small intestine is divided into three sections (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). The duodenum was the same in both birds. The jejunum of bulbul is structured into short and wide segments that run caudally, and in canary, it forms a cone-shaped mass with outer centripetal and inner centrifugal turns, and the ileum is short in both birds. Histologically, the small intestine was lined by simple columnar cells and goblet cells. At the same time, the muscular mucosa of the duodenum is made up of two thick layers of smooth muscle that are divided into inner circular and outer longitudinal bundles; the submucosa was a loose connective tissue layer that was thick, tunica serosa appeared as a thin layer of loose connective tissue on the areolar surface. Keywords: canary, white-eared bulbul, small intestine, morphology, histology.
{"title":"The Effect of Food Type on the Anatomical and Histological Structure of the Canary (Serinus canaria) and White-eared Bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis) Small Intestine","authors":"Shaimaa Hameed Hassan, Thaer R. Mhalhal, M. Faisal Majeed","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.81","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: A comparative study of the histomorphological structure of\u0000the wall of the small intestine of the canary (Serinus canaria) and white-eared\u0000bulbul (Pycnonotus leucotis). Methodology: Five healthy birds from the canary\u0000and white-eared bulbul. All birds were euthanized and dissected, and histological\u0000staining procedures were used on the specimens. Result: Bulbul's intestine\u0000length-to-body length and intestinal weight-to-body weight ratios were higher\u0000than a canary's. According to morphological studies, the small intestine is divided\u0000into three sections (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). The duodenum was the same\u0000in both birds. The jejunum of bulbul is structured into short and wide segments\u0000that run caudally, and in canary, it forms a cone-shaped mass with outer centripetal and inner centrifugal turns, and the ileum is short in both birds. Histologically,\u0000the small intestine was lined by simple columnar cells and goblet cells. At the\u0000same time, the muscular mucosa of the duodenum is made up of two thick layers\u0000of smooth muscle that are divided into inner circular and outer longitudinal bundles; the submucosa was a loose connective tissue layer that was thick, tunica serosa appeared as a thin layer of loose connective tissue on the areolar surface.\u0000Keywords: canary, white-eared bulbul, small intestine, morphology, histology.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125339457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.98
Sinan A. mahdi, Adil H. Abdul Kafoor
A field experiment was conducted at a College of Agriculture research station at - the University of Anbar during the winter season of 2021-2022 to study the response of seed yield and its components of several genotypes of Vicia faba L. to spraying of zinc nanoparticle fertilizer. The experiment was carried out by Split Plots arrangement according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) at three replications. The main plots included four concentrations of zinc nanoparticle fertilizer (0, 60, 12 and 180mg L-1 ), whereas the sub-plots included four faba bean genotypes (Local, American, Dutch and Italian). The results showed that the American genotype was significantly superior in the number of pods per plant (21.40 pod plant-1 ), fertility percentage per pod (88.80%), seed yield (6.57 Mg ha-1 ) and biological yield (11.01 Mg ha-1 ). In contrast, the Dutch genotype achieved the highest mean of the number of seeds per pod (5.64 seed pod-1 ) and weight of 100 seeds (107.68 g). Also, the spraying of zinc nanoparticles at 180 mg L-1were significantly superior in the number of pods per plant (22.35 pod plant1 ), weight of 100 seeds (111.40 g), fertility percentage per pod (90.30%), seed yield (6.23 Mg ha-1 ) and biological yield (10.78 Mg ha-1 ), while the spraying of zinc nanoparticle at a 120 mg L-1 gave the highest mean of the number of seeds per pod (5.66 seed pod-1 ). The interaction between two factors had a significant effect on the most studied traits; the American genotype with the spraying of zinc nanoparticle at 180 mg L-1 gave the highest values of the number of pods per plant (25.23 pod plant-1 ), fertility percentage in a pod (91.14%) and seed yield (7.88 ton ha-1 ). Keywords: Viciafaba L., nano-zinc, seed yield, yield components.
本研究于2021-2022年冬季在安巴尔大学农学院研究站进行了田间试验，研究了几种基因型蚕豆种子产量及其构成因素的响应。喷施纳米锌颗粒肥料。试验采用随机完全区组设计(rcbd)，分为3个重复。主样地采用4种锌纳米颗粒肥料浓度(0、60、12和180mg L-1)，子样地采用4种大豆基因型(本地、美国、荷兰和意大利)。结果表明，美洲基因型在单株荚果数(21.40荚果株-1)、育性率(88.80%)、种子产量(6.57 Mg ha-1)和生物产量(11.01 Mg ha-1)方面均具有显著优势。而荷兰基因型在单株荚果数(5.64个)和百粒重(107.68 g)上的平均值最高，且在单株荚果数(22.35个)、百粒重(111.40 g)、育粒率(90.30%)、产量(6.23 Mg ha-1)和生物产量(10.78 Mg ha-1)上，喷施180mg l -1的锌纳米粒均显著优于荷兰基因型。而锌纳米颗粒浓度为120 mg L-1时，平均每荚种子数最高(5.66粒每荚)。两个因子间的交互作用对研究最多的性状有显著影响;以180 mg l -1锌纳米颗粒喷施的美国基因型单株荚果数最高(25.23个荚果株-1)，荚果受精率最高(91.14%)，籽粒产量最高(7.88吨-1)。关键词:杨梅;纳米锌;产量;
{"title":"Response of Seed Yield and Its components of Several Genotypes of Vicia faba L. to Spraying of Zinc Nanoparticle\u0000Fertilizer","authors":"Sinan A. mahdi, Adil H. Abdul Kafoor","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.98","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at a College of Agriculture research\u0000station at - the University of Anbar during the winter season of 2021-2022 to study\u0000the response of seed yield and its components of several genotypes of Vicia faba\u0000L. to spraying of zinc nanoparticle fertilizer. The experiment was carried out by\u0000Split Plots arrangement according to the Randomized Complete Block Design\u0000(R.C.B.D.) at three replications. The main plots included four concentrations of\u0000zinc nanoparticle fertilizer (0, 60, 12 and 180mg L-1\u0000), whereas the sub-plots included four faba bean genotypes (Local, American, Dutch and Italian). The results\u0000showed that the American genotype was significantly superior in the number of\u0000pods per plant (21.40 pod plant-1\u0000), fertility percentage per pod (88.80%), seed yield\u0000(6.57 Mg ha-1\u0000) and biological yield (11.01 Mg ha-1\u0000). In contrast, the Dutch genotype achieved the highest mean of the number of seeds per pod (5.64 seed pod-1\u0000)\u0000and weight of 100 seeds (107.68 g). Also, the spraying of zinc nanoparticles at 180\u0000mg L-1were significantly superior in the number of pods per plant (22.35 pod plant1\u0000), weight of 100 seeds (111.40 g), fertility percentage per pod (90.30%), seed\u0000yield (6.23 Mg ha-1\u0000) and biological yield (10.78 Mg ha-1\u0000), while the spraying of\u0000zinc nanoparticle at a 120 mg L-1 gave the highest mean of the number of seeds per\u0000pod (5.66 seed pod-1\u0000). The interaction between two factors had a significant effect\u0000on the most studied traits; the American genotype with the spraying of zinc nanoparticle at 180 mg L-1\u0000gave the highest values of the number of pods per plant\u0000(25.23 pod plant-1\u0000), fertility percentage in a pod (91.14%) and seed yield (7.88 ton\u0000ha-1\u0000).\u0000Keywords: Viciafaba L., nano-zinc, seed yield, yield components.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"345 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114734341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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