Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.3
Alaa S. Kathim, Murtadha F. AL-Hillo
Background: The present study sought to verify the effect of dexamethasone on the biochemical changes in different organs, such as liver and kidney organs of both sexes, male and female mice. Materials & Method: Muc muscular males and female mice (n=48) were used. To determine the effects of dexamethasone on the biochemical changes of liver and kidney organs, mice received a low dose (2mg/kg) and a high dose (4 mg/kg) of dexamethasone continuously for one month. Result: The results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in Liver enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT). The urea and creatinine levels also increased in the treated mice and both sexes with the pesticide compared with the control group. Keywords: mice, histological, liver, kidney, dexamethasone, toxicity
{"title":"Biochemical Changes of Dexamethasone on Liver and Kidney Functions in\u0000Laboratory Mice Mus musculus L.","authors":"Alaa S. Kathim, Murtadha F. AL-Hillo","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study sought to verify the effect of dexamethasone on the biochemical changes in different organs, such as liver and kidney organs of both sexes, male\u0000and female mice. Materials & Method: Muc muscular males and female mice (n=48) were\u0000used. To determine the effects of dexamethasone on the biochemical changes of liver and\u0000kidney organs, mice received a low dose (2mg/kg) and a high dose (4 mg/kg) of dexamethasone continuously for one month. Result: The results showed a significant increase\u0000(P<0.05) in Liver enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT). The urea and creatinine levels also increased in the treated mice and both sexes with the pesticide compared with the control\u0000group.\u0000Keywords: mice, histological, liver, kidney, dexamethasone, toxicity","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133379536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.75
Shahad Abd Al-Hassan, Maha Sh Mahmood
Periodontal disease is typically treated with mechanical debridement of the tooth surface. It may, however, be insufficient to eradicate pathogenic microorganisms on its own. Because of the microbial etiology of periodontitis, systemic or local antibiotic therapy is used as an adjunct treatment. The present study aimed to determine the effects of curcumin gel on Porphyromonas gingivalis. Eleven patients with stage II and III periodontitis were registered in the study. A double-blinded split-mouth design followed. Periodontal pockets were distributed into 2 groups; the test group received scaling and root planing along with curcumin gel, while the control group received scaling and root planing along with a placebo gel. Plaque index, probing pocket depth and relative attachment level were recorded with the collection of subgingival plaque samples at different time intervals for bacterial analysis using real-time time-polymerase chain reaction. Results showed a significant reduction in the bacterial outcomes in the test group. There was a significant improvement in the Plaque index, probing pocket depth and relative attachment level in the test group compared to the control group. On intra-group comparison, both groups showed a significant reduction of Plaque index and probing pocket depth with a more significant reduction in the test group, and only the test group showed a significant reduction of relative attachment level. A strong positive correlation of P.gingivalis with probing pocket depth and relative attachment level in the test group was estimated. Curcumin gel has an antibacterial effect against Porphyromonas gingivalis and showed a potent improvement in the outcomes of the periodontal parameters. Keywords: Curcumin gel, periodontal pocket, Porphyromonas gingivalis
{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of Curcumin gel against Periodontopathic\u0000Bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis) using real-time\u0000time-polymerase chain reaction technology","authors":"Shahad Abd Al-Hassan, Maha Sh Mahmood","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.75","url":null,"abstract":"Periodontal disease is typically treated with mechanical debridement of the tooth surface. It may, however, be insufficient to eradicate pathogenic microorganisms on its own. Because of the microbial etiology of periodontitis,\u0000systemic or local antibiotic therapy is used as an adjunct treatment. The present\u0000study aimed to determine the effects of curcumin gel on Porphyromonas gingivalis. Eleven patients with stage II and III periodontitis were registered in the\u0000study. A double-blinded split-mouth design followed. Periodontal pockets were\u0000distributed into 2 groups; the test group received scaling and root planing along\u0000with curcumin gel, while the control group received scaling and root planing\u0000along with a placebo gel. Plaque index, probing pocket depth and relative attachment level were recorded with the collection of subgingival plaque samples\u0000at different time intervals for bacterial analysis using real-time time-polymerase\u0000chain reaction. Results showed a significant reduction in the bacterial outcomes\u0000in the test group. There was a significant improvement in the Plaque index, probing pocket depth and relative attachment level in the test group compared to the\u0000control group. On intra-group comparison, both groups showed a significant reduction of Plaque index and probing pocket depth with a more significant reduction in the test group, and only the test group showed a significant reduction of\u0000relative attachment level. A strong positive correlation of P.gingivalis with probing pocket depth and relative attachment level in the test group was estimated.\u0000Curcumin gel has an antibacterial effect against Porphyromonas gingivalis and\u0000showed a potent improvement in the outcomes of the periodontal parameters.\u0000Keywords: Curcumin gel, periodontal pocket, Porphyromonas gingivalis","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124734432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.60
Ghana S. Al-Hadithi, Hassan A. A. Al-Saady, N. Faleh
The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of vermicompost (0, 6, 12 and 18 g.pot-1 ), peat-moss (12mg.pot-1 ) and DiAmmonium Phosphate (DAP) (1g.pot-1 ) on some yield components (length, No. and weight of pods and No. and weight of seeds) and alkaloids concentration in seed of fenugreek according to the complete randomized design with six replicates. The study was achieved by using high-performance liquated chromatography (HPLC) technology. The analysis of HPLC data shows that the four alkaloids (choline, trigonelline, carpaine and gentianine) have been separated and purified. The result showed a significant difference between different fertilizer levels on yield components and alkaloid concentration, and treatment 12g.pot-1 gives a high value of the studied characteristics mentioned above. Also, results showed that seeds are rich in trigonelline. Keywords: alkaloids, vermicompost, trigonelline and fenugreek
{"title":"The role of vermicompost on yield and alkaloid concentration of\u0000fenugreek","authors":"Ghana S. Al-Hadithi, Hassan A. A. Al-Saady, N. Faleh","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.60","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of different\u0000levels of vermicompost (0, 6, 12 and 18 g.pot-1\u0000), peat-moss (12mg.pot-1\u0000) and DiAmmonium Phosphate (DAP) (1g.pot-1\u0000) on some yield components (length, No.\u0000and weight of pods and No. and weight of seeds) and alkaloids concentration in\u0000seed of fenugreek according to the complete randomized design with six replicates. The study was achieved by using high-performance liquated chromatography (HPLC) technology. The analysis of HPLC data shows that the four alkaloids (choline, trigonelline, carpaine and gentianine) have been separated and\u0000purified. The result showed a significant difference between different fertilizer\u0000levels on yield components and alkaloid concentration, and treatment 12g.pot-1\u0000gives a high value of the studied characteristics mentioned above. Also, results\u0000showed that seeds are rich in trigonelline.\u0000Keywords: alkaloids, vermicompost, trigonelline and fenugreek","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133767502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.96
Farah T.O.Al-Jumaili, Maysaa Hamid, Ashwaq S. Abed
The Ammi majus (Kella) plant is frequently used to cure various health issues. This study aimed to investigate the most important phytochemical compounds of Kella seeds and evaluate the effect of its aqueous and alcoholic extracts on CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity in mice using a count of white blood cells (WBC) test and some biochemical markers for renal functions besides the histopathological study of kidney tissue. According to secondary metabolite analysis, the seeds contained tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and polyphenols at varying levels depending on the solvent utilized. Regarding total flavonoids, the alcoholic extract showed the highest concentration (193.2±25.7 mg/g) compared to the aqueous extract (176.3±19.2 mg/g). The WBC count test in the in vivo study showed an improved immune system by increasing the number of WBCs in mice treated with plant extracts and reducing the toxic effects of the CCl4 compound compared with a negative control group. In the positive control group (treated mice with CCl4), the biochemical analysis and histological study of the kidney sections revealed that CCl4 causes nephrotoxicity through increasing urea and creatinine concentrations in the blood and lowering total protein content, as well as the formation of necrotic tissue in the kidney sections. In contrast, these markers decreased in groups of mice treated with plant extracts, particularly alcoholic extract. In conclusion, the A. majus plant can improve kidney function during CCl4 doses. Consequently, it could be a promising treatment for nephrotoxicity caused by certain drugs. Keywords: Ammi majus; kidney markers; nephrotoxicity
{"title":"Assessment of active constituents and total flavonoids of Ammi majus\u0000plant extracts on immunological and kidney protective activities in\u0000mice","authors":"Farah T.O.Al-Jumaili, Maysaa Hamid, Ashwaq S. Abed","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.96","url":null,"abstract":"The Ammi majus (Kella) plant is frequently used to cure various health\u0000issues. This study aimed to investigate the most important phytochemical compounds of Kella seeds and evaluate the effect of its aqueous and alcoholic extracts on CCl4-induced nephrotoxicity in mice using a count of white blood cells\u0000(WBC) test and some biochemical markers for renal functions besides the histopathological study of kidney tissue. According to secondary metabolite analysis,\u0000the seeds contained tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, and polyphenols at\u0000varying levels depending on the solvent utilized. Regarding total flavonoids, the\u0000alcoholic extract showed the highest concentration (193.2±25.7 mg/g) compared\u0000to the aqueous extract (176.3±19.2 mg/g). The WBC count test in the in vivo\u0000study showed an improved immune system by increasing the number of WBCs in\u0000mice treated with plant extracts and reducing the toxic effects of the CCl4 compound compared with a negative control group. In the positive control group\u0000(treated mice with CCl4), the biochemical analysis and histological study of the\u0000kidney sections revealed that CCl4 causes nephrotoxicity through increasing urea\u0000and creatinine concentrations in the blood and lowering total protein content, as\u0000well as the formation of necrotic tissue in the kidney sections.\u0000In contrast, these markers decreased in groups of mice treated with plant extracts,\u0000particularly alcoholic extract. In conclusion, the A. majus plant can improve kidney function during CCl4 doses. Consequently, it could be a promising treatment\u0000for nephrotoxicity caused by certain drugs.\u0000Keywords: Ammi majus; kidney markers; nephrotoxicity","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121275134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.87
The experiment was carried out in Diyala Governorate, Khalis District, for the agricultural season 2021–2022 to study the effect of spraying with zinc, calcium, and sorbitol alcohol on qualitative yield traits of the potato cultivar of Arizona. The treatments of spraying zinc, calcium, and sorbitol individually on potato plants significantly increased all studied traits, such as the percentage of protein, dry matter, starch, total sugars, and total soluble solids (TSS%). The treatments of sorbitol (10 g. L-1 ) + Zn (200 mg. L-1 ) + Ca (1 g. L-1 ) gave the highest percentage of protein in the tubers, reaching 11.56% compared to the control treatment of 8.106%, the treatments of sorbitol (10 g. L-1 ) + Zn (0 mg. L-1 ) + Ca (0.5 g. L-1 ) gave the highest percentage of dry matter in the tubers, reaching 18.69% compared to the control treatment of 11.88%, the treatments of sorbitol (10 g. L-1 ) + Zn (0 mg. L-1 ) + Ca (0.5 g. L-1 ) gave the highest percentage of starch in the tubers, reaching 12.66% compared to the control treatment of 6.61%, the treatments of the sorbitol (10 g. L-1 ) + Zn (100 mg. L-1 ) + Ca (0 g. L-1 ) gave the highest percentage of total soluble solids, reaching 6.203%. In contrast, the control treatment gave the lowest value, reaching 3.4130%; the treatments of sorbitol (10 g. L-1 ) + Zn (0 mg. L-1 ) + Ca (1 g. L-1 ) gave the highest percentage of total sugars, reaching 3.547%, compared to the control treatment of 2.231%. Keywords. Potato, zinc, calcium, sorbitol alcohol
本试验于2021-2022年农作季在迪亚拉省Khalis区进行，旨在研究锌、钙和山梨醇喷施对亚利桑那马铃薯品质产量性状的影响。分别施锌、钙和山梨醇处理显著提高了马铃薯植株的蛋白质、干物质、淀粉、总糖和总可溶性固形物(TSS%)的比例。山梨糖醇(10g)的处理。L-1) + Zn (200mg。L-1) + Ca (1g)L-1处理的块茎蛋白质含量最高，为11.56%，高于对照处理的8.106%。L-1) + Zn (0 mg。L-1) + Ca(0.5 g)。L-1处理的块茎干物质含量最高，达18.69%，高于对照处理的11.88%。L-1) + Zn (0 mg。L-1) + Ca (0.5 g)。L-1处理的块茎淀粉含量最高，达12.66%，高于对照处理的6.61%。L-1) + Zn (100mg。L-1) + Ca (0 g)L-1)的总可溶性固形物含量最高，达到6.203%。对照处理最低，为3.4130%;山梨糖醇(10 g。L-1) + Zn (0 mg。L-1) + Ca (1g)L-1处理的总糖含量最高，达3.547%，高于对照处理的2.231%。土豆，锌，钙，山梨醇
{"title":"The effect of spraying zinc, calcium, and sorbitol on qualitative yield\u0000traits of potato Solanum tuberosum L.","authors":"","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.87","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out in Diyala Governorate, Khalis District,\u0000for the agricultural season 2021–2022 to study the effect of spraying with zinc,\u0000calcium, and sorbitol alcohol on qualitative yield traits of the potato cultivar of\u0000Arizona. The treatments of spraying zinc, calcium, and sorbitol individually on\u0000potato plants significantly increased all studied traits, such as the percentage of\u0000protein, dry matter, starch, total sugars, and total soluble solids (TSS%). The\u0000treatments of sorbitol (10 g. L-1\u0000) + Zn (200 mg. L-1\u0000) + Ca (1 g. L-1\u0000) gave the highest percentage of protein in the tubers, reaching 11.56% compared to the control\u0000treatment of 8.106%, the treatments of sorbitol (10 g. L-1\u0000) + Zn (0 mg. L-1\u0000) + Ca\u0000(0.5 g. L-1\u0000) gave the highest percentage of dry matter in the tubers, reaching\u000018.69% compared to the control treatment of 11.88%, the treatments of sorbitol\u0000(10 g. L-1\u0000) + Zn (0 mg. L-1\u0000) + Ca (0.5 g. L-1\u0000) gave the highest percentage of starch\u0000in the tubers, reaching 12.66% compared to the control treatment of 6.61%, the\u0000treatments of the sorbitol (10 g. L-1\u0000) + Zn (100 mg. L-1\u0000) + Ca (0 g. L-1\u0000) gave the\u0000highest percentage of total soluble solids, reaching 6.203%. In contrast, the control treatment gave the lowest value, reaching 3.4130%; the treatments of sorbitol\u0000(10 g. L-1\u0000) + Zn (0 mg. L-1\u0000) + Ca (1 g. L-1\u0000) gave the highest percentage of total\u0000sugars, reaching 3.547%, compared to the control treatment of 2.231%.\u0000Keywords. Potato, zinc, calcium, sorbitol alcohol","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126457174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.4
B. S. J. Alobaidy, Malath A. Hamed, Ahmed Shehab Abd-allah Ramadan, Muayad Malik Ibrahim, Ali Fadaam Almehemdi
A field experiment was carried out in Al-Saqlawiyah region, west of Baghdad, during the 2020 agricultural season in silty clay soil to study the effect of planting pattern and the Row spacing on the growth and yield of three sesame cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a split-split plot design according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, where the planting pattern occupied the main plots (seed prose, seedling pattern). The cultivars occupied the subplot (Haad, Sumer, Rafidain,), while the row distance occupied the sub-sub plot (40, 60, 80 cm). The statistical analysis results indicated a significant effect of the cultivation pattern, as the cultivation pattern with seeds prose recorded the highest values in all the studied traits. The seed prose method recorded the highest seed yield (364.5 gm plant-1 ) compared to the seedling method (290.2 gm plant-1 ). There was also a significant genetic variance (P<0.05) in the response of the studied sesame cultivars to the planting pattern treatments and the between-row spacing. The cultivar Haad scored the highest values in most of the studied traits and thus gave the highest seed yield (452.1 g plant-1 ) compared with the rest of the studied cultivars. The row spacing of 80 cm between the lines gave the highest yield (350.4 g plant-1 ). Keywords: plant distance, cultivation methods, growth, sesame cultivars
本试验于2020年农季在巴格达西部Al-Saqlawiyah地区粉质粘土上进行，研究了种植方式和行距对3个芝麻品种生长和产量的影响。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)，采用3个重复，种植模式占主要地块(种子模式、幼苗模式)。不同品种分别占小块(Haad、Sumer、Rafidain)，行距占小块(40、60、80 cm)。统计分析结果表明，栽培方式对各性状的影响显著，种子散文型栽培方式在各性状中得分最高。种子散文法的种子产量最高(364.5 gm plant-1)，而幼苗法的种子产量最高(290.2 gm plant-1)。芝麻品种对不同种植方式和行距的响应也存在显著的遗传差异(P<0.05)。该品种在大多数研究性状中得分最高，因此与其他研究品种相比，种子产量最高(452.1 g /株)。行距为80cm时产量最高(350.4 g /株)。关键词:株距，栽培方法，生长，芝麻品种
{"title":"Effect of plant distance and cultivation methods on the growth and yield of\u0000three sesame cultivars","authors":"B. S. J. Alobaidy, Malath A. Hamed, Ahmed Shehab Abd-allah Ramadan, Muayad Malik Ibrahim, Ali Fadaam Almehemdi","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.4","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out in Al-Saqlawiyah region, west of Baghdad,\u0000during the 2020 agricultural season in silty clay soil to study the effect of planting\u0000pattern and the Row spacing on the growth and yield of three sesame cultivars. The\u0000experiment was carried out in a split-split plot design according to a randomized\u0000complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, where the planting pattern\u0000occupied the main plots (seed prose, seedling pattern). The cultivars occupied the\u0000subplot (Haad, Sumer, Rafidain,), while the row distance occupied the sub-sub plot\u0000(40, 60, 80 cm). The statistical analysis results indicated a significant effect of the\u0000cultivation pattern, as the cultivation pattern with seeds prose recorded the highest\u0000values in all the studied traits. The seed prose method recorded the highest seed\u0000yield (364.5 gm plant-1\u0000) compared to the seedling method (290.2 gm plant-1\u0000).\u0000There was also a significant genetic variance (P<0.05) in the response of the\u0000studied sesame cultivars to the planting pattern treatments and the between-row\u0000spacing. The cultivar Haad scored the highest values in most of the studied traits\u0000and thus gave the highest seed yield (452.1 g plant-1\u0000) compared with the rest of the\u0000studied cultivars. The row spacing of 80 cm between the lines gave the highest\u0000yield (350.4 g plant-1\u0000).\u0000Keywords: plant distance, cultivation methods, growth, sesame cultivars","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122664477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.37
Bushra Bader Jerad Shammari
The research aimed to determine green tea powder's total protein, phenolic content, and vitamin C. The results were protein1.12%, phenolic content 143 mg / 100g and vitamin C 68 mg / 100g respectively. Beside. The functional properties were also determined. According to the results, green tea powder had a high water holding capacity of 254% and an oil holding capacity of 214% compared with wheat flour. The research also determined the effect of replacing wheat flour with green tea powder at 5%, 7.5% and 10%. The results showed that sponge cake made from green tea at level 5% was higher in short compared with the other sample and control. The hardness of sponge cakes decreased from 700 g, 550 g – 400 g, 350g, to 340 g with an increased additional level of green tea powder. The sponge cake was stored at 25-30Cº for 8 days. The results showed that the peroxide value increased during storage; a high peroxide value was observed in the control sponge cake from 0.4 to 7 liquid Kg. In contrast, low peroxide values ranged from 0.2 to 1 liquid.Kg in sponge cake containing green tea 10%.The results demonstrated that green tea could be a good source of antioxidants in food industries. Keywords: phenolic, vitamin C. water holding capacity, sensory evaluation, hardness
{"title":"The effect of using green tea on the quality characteristics of sponge cake.","authors":"Bushra Bader Jerad Shammari","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.37","url":null,"abstract":"The research aimed to determine green tea powder's total protein, phenolic content, and vitamin C. The results were protein1.12%, phenolic content 143 mg /\u0000100g and vitamin C 68 mg / 100g respectively. Beside. The functional properties\u0000were also determined. According to the results, green tea powder had a high water holding capacity of 254% and an oil holding capacity of 214% compared with\u0000wheat flour. The research also determined the effect of replacing wheat flour with\u0000green tea powder at 5%, 7.5% and 10%. The results showed that sponge cake\u0000made from green tea at level 5% was higher in short compared with the other\u0000sample and control. The hardness of sponge cakes decreased from 700 g, 550 g –\u0000400 g, 350g, to 340 g with an increased additional level of green tea powder. The\u0000sponge cake was stored at 25-30Cº for 8 days. The results showed that the peroxide value increased during storage; a high peroxide value was observed in the\u0000control sponge cake from 0.4 to 7 liquid Kg. In contrast, low peroxide values\u0000ranged from 0.2 to 1 liquid.Kg in sponge cake containing green tea 10%.The results demonstrated that green tea could be a good source of antioxidants in food\u0000industries.\u0000Keywords: phenolic, vitamin C. water holding capacity, sensory evaluation,\u0000hardness","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130008792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: A field experiment was carried out in the Experimental Field of Field Crops Department of the College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad during the winter of 2019-2020. To study the effect of foliar fertilization (FULARTAL) on the growth and yield of three wheat cultivars. A factorial experiment was applied by designing complete randomized plots with three replications. The first factor included cultivars (Abu-Ghraib, Fateh, Sham 6) symbolized by (F1, F2, F3); the second factor included three levels of fertilizer (0, 2, 4) l ha-1 , and the following symbols were taken (M0, M1, M2). The results showed there were significant differences between the levels of factors in the studied traits. There was a significant difference between cultivars, as Abu-Ghraib (F1) outperformed in some features, including plant height, tillers number, and spikes number by giving the highest averages at (107.77 cm, 434.00 spikes. m2 and 383.88 spikes. m2 ). Sham 6 cultivar (F3) showed the highest average in the flag leaf area, spike length, and the number of days from planting until 50% of flowering appeared (37.11 cm2 , 9.55 cm and 110.33 days). The concentration of 4 l ha-1 (M2) gave the highest average in the trait: plant height, tillers number, flag leaf area, spike length, and spikes number, reaching (109.89 cm, 430.89 tillers. m², 36.11 cm², 9.41 cm and 382.44 spikes m2 ). The concentration of 2 l ha-1 (M1) gave the least days from planting until 50% of flowering appeared (107.89 days). Keywords: FULARTAL fertilizer; wheat; growth and yield characteristics; foliar fertilizers.
2019-2020年冬季，在巴格达大学农学院大田作物系实验田进行了田间试验。研究叶面施肥对3个小麦品种生长和产量的影响。采用三次重复的完全随机图进行析因试验。第一个因素包括用(F1, F2,F3)表示的品种(Abu-Ghraib, Fateh, Sham 6);第二个因子包括三个水平的肥料(0,2,4)l ha-1，取以下符号(M0, M1, M2)。结果表明，各性状因子水平存在显著差异。不同品种间存在显著差异，阿布-格莱布(F1)在株高、分蘖数和穗数等性状上表现优异，平均穗数最高，为107.77 cm, 434.00穗。m2和383.88尖峰。m2)。假6品种(F3)的旗叶面积、穗长和种植至开花50%的平均天数最高(37.11 cm2、9.55 cm和110.33 d)。4 l ha-1(M2)处理的株高、分蘖数、旗叶面积、穗长、穗数平均值最高，达到109.89 cm，分蘖数为430.89个。M²，36.11 cm²，9.41 cm和382.44穗m2)。2 l ha-1(M1)的浓度从种植到开花50%的最短天数为107.89 d。关键词:FULARTAL肥料;小麦;生长和产量特性;foliarfertilizers。
{"title":"Effect of foliar fertilization (FULARTAL) on the growth and yield of\u0000three wheat cultivars","authors":"Raghad Katran Hassan, Rasha Adel Abdul-Nabi, Zahraa Aqil Hassan","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.88","url":null,"abstract":": A field experiment was carried out in the Experimental Field of Field\u0000Crops Department of the College of Agriculture - University of Baghdad during\u0000the winter of 2019-2020. To study the effect of foliar fertilization (FULARTAL)\u0000on the growth and yield of three wheat cultivars. A factorial experiment was applied by designing complete randomized plots with three replications. The first\u0000factor included cultivars (Abu-Ghraib, Fateh, Sham 6) symbolized by (F1, F2,\u0000F3); the second factor included three levels of fertilizer (0, 2, 4) l ha-1\u0000, and the\u0000following symbols were taken (M0, M1, M2). The results showed there were significant differences between the levels of factors in the studied traits. There was a\u0000significant difference between cultivars, as Abu-Ghraib (F1) outperformed in\u0000some features, including plant height, tillers number, and spikes number by giving the highest averages at (107.77 cm, 434.00 spikes. m2\u0000and 383.88 spikes. m2\u0000).\u0000Sham 6 cultivar (F3) showed the highest average in the flag leaf area, spike\u0000length, and the number of days from planting until 50% of flowering appeared\u0000(37.11 cm2\u0000, 9.55 cm and 110.33 days). The concentration of 4 l ha-1\u0000(M2) gave the\u0000highest average in the trait: plant height, tillers number, flag leaf area, spike\u0000length, and spikes number, reaching (109.89 cm, 430.89 tillers. m², 36.11 cm²,\u00009.41 cm and 382.44 spikes m2\u0000). The concentration of 2 l ha-1\u0000(M1) gave the least\u0000days from planting until 50% of flowering appeared (107.89 days).\u0000Keywords: FULARTAL fertilizer; wheat; growth and yield characteristics; foliar\u0000fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127679632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.86
Mokhtar Jassim Nassir, Kamil Kadhim Fahad
The current study examined the concentrations of three heavy metals (cadmium, copper, and zinc) in the tissues of common carp fish. (gills-musclesintestines) collected from one of the private farms that raised fish in floating cages in the Euphrates River from 18/10/2021 to 18/3/2022. Every month, water samples were analyzed, as were fish tissue samples. Using an atomic absorption spectroscopy device, standard procedures were followed to assess the concentration of heavy metals in water and tissues. The results showed that the highest concentration of zinc, cadmium, and copper was detected in the water during the winter season, reaching (125.5-31.95-1.37) MKgm/L. The highest concentrations of cadmium in tissues were found in the autumn season for gills and muscles (1.58-0.81) mkgm/L dry weight, and the highest concentration in tissues (0.80) mkgm/L dry weight in the winter. The highest concentrations of copper were found in the gills and muscles, followed by the intestines. Where concentrations are at their highest in the autumn season (11-9.89, 12.31) mkgm/gm dry weight. As for zinc was found in high concentrations in the gills, intestines, and muscles, with the highest concentrations recorded in the autumn season (81.6-85-93 – 112) mkgm/gm dry weight. The results revealed that heavy metal accumulation occurred in the following pattern: Concentrations in water: cadmium
{"title":"Some Heavy metals measurements (Cadmium, Copper, and Zinc)\u0000in the tissues of common carp Cyprinus carpioL . 1758 farmed in\u0000floating cages in the Euphrates River.","authors":"Mokhtar Jassim Nassir, Kamil Kadhim Fahad","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/2023.08.01.86","url":null,"abstract":"The current study examined the concentrations of three heavy metals\u0000(cadmium, copper, and zinc) in the tissues of common carp fish. (gills-musclesintestines) collected from one of the private farms that raised fish in floating cages in the Euphrates River from 18/10/2021 to 18/3/2022. Every month, water\u0000samples were analyzed, as were fish tissue samples. Using an atomic absorption\u0000spectroscopy device, standard procedures were followed to assess the concentration of heavy metals in water and tissues. The results showed that the highest\u0000concentration of zinc, cadmium, and copper was detected in the water during the\u0000winter season, reaching (125.5-31.95-1.37) MKgm/L. The highest concentrations\u0000of cadmium in tissues were found in the autumn season for gills and muscles\u0000(1.58-0.81) mkgm/L dry weight, and the highest concentration in tissues (0.80)\u0000mkgm/L dry weight in the winter. The highest concentrations of copper were\u0000found in the gills and muscles, followed by the intestines. Where concentrations\u0000are at their highest in the autumn season (11-9.89, 12.31) mkgm/gm dry weight.\u0000As for zinc was found in high concentrations in the gills, intestines, and muscles,\u0000with the highest concentrations recorded in the autumn season (81.6-85-93 – 112)\u0000mkgm/gm dry weight. The results revealed that heavy metal accumulation occurred in the following pattern: Concentrations in water: cadmium <copper<zinc,\u0000while in tissues, the arrangement was as follows: Cadmium – gills – muscles –\u0000intestines – copper. Gills – muscles – intestines\u0000Zinc – gills – intestines – muscles.\u0000Keywords: Heavy metals, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, common carp, Cyprinus\u0000carpio L.","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127873418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.41
Shaima A. Mhadi, N. Hilal, M. Abdul-Aziz
The World Health Organization (WHO) and Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW) define menopause as a permanent endpoint of the menstrual cycle for one year that occurs naturally or by induction of surgical procedure, chemotherapy or radiation .The etiology of menopause is classified into physiological and non-physiological. Pathophysiology of menopause includes the decline of ovary function in menopause, response to a loss of ovarian feedback mechanism, and the decline of the hypothalamus and pituitary function. Endocrine changes in menopause lead to alteration of gonadotropin secretion cycle patterns, changes in steroid and peptide hormones through monophasic patterns to increase gonadotropin, and decreased estrogen .Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of FSH on lipid profile in postmenopausal women. Study design: A cross-section observational study. Method: The study is a cross-sectional study done on 90 women. These women aged more than 50 years had cessation of menstrual cycle for over a year. The blood samples were taken from 90 postmenopausal women, and interviews were conducted using a questionnaire. FSH measure, by ElectroChemiLuminescence (ECL) technology for immunoassay analysis done by Cobas e411 device. Lipid profile measure, by manual techniques done by use of spectrophotometer device. Result: We observed increase in Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during postmenopause has a positive significant correlation with body mass index (BMI) (r 0.350, p 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (r 0.397, p 0.001) and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ( r 0.421, p 0.001) FSH also correlated positively but insignificant correlation with triglyceride (TG) (r 0.175, p 0.098) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) ( r 0.055, p 0.604). FHS has a negative significant correlation with Estradiol ( r -0.509, p 0.001) and Vit.D( r-0.220, p 0.037) as well as FSH correlated negative but insignificant with age ( r -0.142, p 0.183) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r -0.048, p 0.656). Conclusion: The current study showed a significant positive correlation of FSH with TC and LDL, an insignificant positive correlation with TG, and an insignificant negative correlation with HDL. Keywords: Postmenopause, FSH, Lituenizing Hormone, HDL
世界卫生组织(WHO)和生殖衰老阶段研讨会(STRAW)将更年期定义为月经周期的永久终点，持续一年，自然发生或由外科手术、化疗或放疗引起。更年期的病因分为生理性和非生理性。绝经的病理生理包括绝经期卵巢功能的下降、对卵巢反馈机制丧失的反应以及下丘脑和垂体功能的下降。绝经期内分泌变化导致促性腺激素分泌周期模式的改变，类固醇激素和多肽激素的变化通过单期模式增加促性腺激素，降低雌激素。目的:探讨促性腺激素对绝经后妇女血脂的影响。研究设计:横断面观察性研究。方法:对90名妇女进行横断面研究。这些女性年龄在50岁以上，月经周期停止超过一年。研究人员采集了90名绝经后妇女的血液样本，并通过问卷进行了访谈。FSHmeasure，采用电化学发光(ECL)技术，用Cobas e411装置进行免疫分析。脂质谱测量，用分光光度计装置手工技术完成。结果:绝经后促卵泡激素(FSH)升高与身体质量指数(BMI) (r 0.350, p 0.001)、总胆固醇(r 0.397, p 0.001)、低密度脂蛋白(r 0.421, p 0.001)呈正相关，与甘油三酯(r 0.175, p 0.098)、极低密度脂蛋白(r 0.055, p 0.604)呈正相关。FHS与雌二醇、vit呈显著负相关(r -0.509, p 0.001)。D(r-0.220, p 0.037)和FSH与年龄(r -0.142, p 0.183)和高密度脂蛋白(r -0.048, p 0.656)呈负相关，但不显著。结论:本研究fsh与TC、LDL呈显著正相关，与TG呈不显著正相关，与HDL呈不显著负相关。关键词:绝经后，卵泡刺激素，Lituenizing Hormone, HDL
{"title":"Effect of fsh on lipid profile in postmenopausal women","authors":"Shaima A. Mhadi, N. Hilal, M. Abdul-Aziz","doi":"10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21931/rb/css/s2023.08.01.41","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization (WHO) and Stages of Reproductive Aging\u0000Workshop (STRAW) define menopause as a permanent endpoint of the menstrual cycle for one year that occurs naturally or by induction of surgical procedure,\u0000chemotherapy or radiation .The etiology of menopause is classified into physiological and non-physiological. Pathophysiology of menopause includes the decline of ovary function in menopause, response to a loss of ovarian feedback\u0000mechanism, and the decline of the hypothalamus and pituitary function. Endocrine changes in menopause lead to alteration of gonadotropin secretion cycle\u0000patterns, changes in steroid and peptide hormones through monophasic patterns\u0000to increase gonadotropin, and decreased estrogen .Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of FSH on lipid profile in postmenopausal women. Study design:\u0000A cross-section observational study. Method: The study is a cross-sectional study\u0000done on 90 women. These women aged more than 50 years had cessation of\u0000menstrual cycle for over a year. The blood samples were taken from 90 postmenopausal women, and interviews were conducted using a questionnaire. FSH\u0000measure, by ElectroChemiLuminescence (ECL) technology for immunoassay\u0000analysis done by Cobas e411 device. Lipid profile measure, by manual techniques done by use of spectrophotometer device. Result: We observed increase in\u0000Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during postmenopause has a positive significant correlation with body mass index (BMI) (r 0.350, p 0.001), total cholesterol\u0000(TC) (r 0.397, p 0.001) and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ( r 0.421, p 0.001)\u0000FSH also correlated positively but insignificant correlation with triglyceride (TG)\u0000(r 0.175, p 0.098) and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) ( r 0.055, p 0.604).\u0000FHS has a negative significant correlation with Estradiol ( r -0.509, p 0.001) and\u0000Vit.D( r-0.220, p 0.037) as well as FSH correlated negative but insignificant with\u0000age ( r -0.142, p 0.183) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r -0.048, p 0.656).\u0000Conclusion: The current study showed a significant positive correlation of FSH\u0000with TC and LDL, an insignificant positive correlation with TG, and an insignificant negative correlation with HDL.\u0000Keywords: Postmenopause, FSH, Lituenizing Hormone, HDL","PeriodicalId":443152,"journal":{"name":"Sumer 1","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121233063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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