Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2023.2251200
Gurpreet Kaur, Prateek, Saee Pawar
ABSTRACT This paper is based on an exploratory research study, “Understanding Pastoral Women's Work 1 ,” which attempts to make visible the embodied and lived experiences of pastoral women and their work in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. In understanding the lifeworld of pastoral women, this paper delves deeper into the processes of doing research through a collaborative and feminist methodology. We have attempted to revisit questions around the complex relationship between research and activism by unpacking nuances of working closely and collaboratively with an activist from the pastoral community in the course of doing this research. In unpacking this collaboration, we have also addressed involvement of pastoral women themselves and its effect on the research process as well as on us. This paper tries to open up the question of feminist collaborative methodologies and reflects on one of the ways of practicing it.
{"title":"Feminist collaboration(s) and affect: Work with pastoral women","authors":"Gurpreet Kaur, Prateek, Saee Pawar","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2023.2251200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2023.2251200","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper is based on an exploratory research study, “Understanding Pastoral Women's Work 1 ,” which attempts to make visible the embodied and lived experiences of pastoral women and their work in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. In understanding the lifeworld of pastoral women, this paper delves deeper into the processes of doing research through a collaborative and feminist methodology. We have attempted to revisit questions around the complex relationship between research and activism by unpacking nuances of working closely and collaboratively with an activist from the pastoral community in the course of doing this research. In unpacking this collaboration, we have also addressed involvement of pastoral women themselves and its effect on the research process as well as on us. This paper tries to open up the question of feminist collaborative methodologies and reflects on one of the ways of practicing it.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"413 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44869386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2023.2240535
Chen J. Wang
ABSTRACT This research follows Dorothy Smith’s Institutional Ethnography (IE) approach to explore skilled Chinese immigrant mothers’ post-migration experiences in Canada. Empirical evidence reveals that these immigrant women undertake intensified childcare responsibilities by acting as primary caregivers and educators for their children with reduced familial support after migration. These immigrant women are also compelled to participate in paid work as income producers and supporters with inadequate employment-related support from the host society. These skilled Chinese immigrant mothers’ experiences are constructed by multiple discourses that continue, converge, and compete. Under these discourses, skilled Chinese immigrant mothers experience intensified work after migration, but receive limited familial and social support, which leaves them subservient to the patriarchal demands in both private and public social structures.
{"title":"An institutional ethnography analysis on skilled Chinese immigrant mothers’ experiences in Canada","authors":"Chen J. Wang","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2023.2240535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2023.2240535","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research follows Dorothy Smith’s Institutional Ethnography (IE) approach to explore skilled Chinese immigrant mothers’ post-migration experiences in Canada. Empirical evidence reveals that these immigrant women undertake intensified childcare responsibilities by acting as primary caregivers and educators for their children with reduced familial support after migration. These immigrant women are also compelled to participate in paid work as income producers and supporters with inadequate employment-related support from the host society. These skilled Chinese immigrant mothers’ experiences are constructed by multiple discourses that continue, converge, and compete. Under these discourses, skilled Chinese immigrant mothers experience intensified work after migration, but receive limited familial and social support, which leaves them subservient to the patriarchal demands in both private and public social structures.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"364 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47144219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2023.2248807
Avni Kumar, Mia Siscawati, Septiani Anggriani, Ratnasari, Nailah, J. Willetts
ABSTRACT Many intersecting factors influence the identity, motivations, and experiences of women entrepreneurs. This paper explores the experiences of female water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) entrepreneurs in the context of the region of Nusa Tenggara in Eastern Indonesia. We conducted in-depth interviews with a diverse set of female WASH entrepreneurs, and applied intersectionality concepts in combination with the Gender at Work analytical framework [Rao et al., 2016. Gender at work: Theory and practice for 21st century organizations. Routledge] to analyze and present qualitative data. This approach and combined framing helped to unpack the varied identities and characteristics such as occupation, educational background, disability, social position, religion, age, economic status, and ethnicity that shape their experiences within societal structures including ableism, patriarchy, and social class. The findings demonstrate how all these aspects influence individual consciousness and capabilities, help to navigate, and challenge structural social norms that transcend ethnicity and religion, and build social networks, to support entrepreneurial activity and facilitate access to resources. This study has implications for development practitioners who can strengthen consideration of these complexities while designing training programs for private and public sector workforces with responsibility for WASH service delivery.
{"title":"A mosaic of identities, opportunities, and challenges: How intersectionality shapes the experiences of female water, sanitation, and hygiene entrepreneurs in Indonesia","authors":"Avni Kumar, Mia Siscawati, Septiani Anggriani, Ratnasari, Nailah, J. Willetts","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2023.2248807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2023.2248807","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many intersecting factors influence the identity, motivations, and experiences of women entrepreneurs. This paper explores the experiences of female water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) entrepreneurs in the context of the region of Nusa Tenggara in Eastern Indonesia. We conducted in-depth interviews with a diverse set of female WASH entrepreneurs, and applied intersectionality concepts in combination with the Gender at Work analytical framework [Rao et al., 2016. Gender at work: Theory and practice for 21st century organizations. Routledge] to analyze and present qualitative data. This approach and combined framing helped to unpack the varied identities and characteristics such as occupation, educational background, disability, social position, religion, age, economic status, and ethnicity that shape their experiences within societal structures including ableism, patriarchy, and social class. The findings demonstrate how all these aspects influence individual consciousness and capabilities, help to navigate, and challenge structural social norms that transcend ethnicity and religion, and build social networks, to support entrepreneurial activity and facilitate access to resources. This study has implications for development practitioners who can strengthen consideration of these complexities while designing training programs for private and public sector workforces with responsibility for WASH service delivery.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"385 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47741822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2023.2205704
J. Mohamadi, F. Shirazi
ABSTRACT This qualitative research extends critical theorizing on clothing practices by exploring how young women’s clothing styles serve the function of resistance to formal hegemonic culture in Iran. Thirty young women, recruited through a snowball-sampling strategy, reported their lived experiences of wearing fashionable clothing styles in urban public spaces. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and analyzed by way of inductive thematic analysis. Seven key themes were found: young women use clothing styles (1) to communicate new meanings and values related to their femininity; (2) to resist dominant dress codes and veiled bodies; (3) to strengthen feminine agency; (4) to express elegance and openness; (5) to create alternative public spaces; (6) to resist hegemonic body shape; and (7) and to challenge the unbearable heaviness of being the same. It was concluded that the heterogeneity in appearance and in bodily practices among Iranian young women challenges the intended homogeneity of the dominant culture. In this sense, fashionable clothing styles are tools of resistance.
{"title":"Resistance through clothing styles: Iranian young women’s body representation in public spaces","authors":"J. Mohamadi, F. Shirazi","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2023.2205704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2023.2205704","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This qualitative research extends critical theorizing on clothing practices by exploring how young women’s clothing styles serve the function of resistance to formal hegemonic culture in Iran. Thirty young women, recruited through a snowball-sampling strategy, reported their lived experiences of wearing fashionable clothing styles in urban public spaces. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews and analyzed by way of inductive thematic analysis. Seven key themes were found: young women use clothing styles (1) to communicate new meanings and values related to their femininity; (2) to resist dominant dress codes and veiled bodies; (3) to strengthen feminine agency; (4) to express elegance and openness; (5) to create alternative public spaces; (6) to resist hegemonic body shape; and (7) and to challenge the unbearable heaviness of being the same. It was concluded that the heterogeneity in appearance and in bodily practices among Iranian young women challenges the intended homogeneity of the dominant culture. In this sense, fashionable clothing styles are tools of resistance.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"266 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45013482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2023.2205672
Yayun Wang, Jiang Chang
ABSTRACT This article employs semistructured interviews with 43 Chinese female social media users who openly disapprove of feminist politics to examine what socio-cultural factors have shaped such perceptions and how they might limit the reach of Chinese digital feminism. Three themes of anti-feminist discourses held by respondents are distilled and discussed. These are: feminism as a concealed form of disciplinary normality for women, feminists as accountable for undermining women’s solidarity, and digital feminism as merely a trendy business. A contextual interpretation shows that the technological affordances of Chinese social media platforms and a pro-fertility state discourse have conspired to make such misconceptions. By acknowledging the legacy of the #MeToo movement in spotlighting the role of patriarchy in the subordination of women, this article calls for the exploration of diversified communication channels in the future development of Chinese digital feminism.
{"title":"Why do some women hate feminists? Social media and the structural limitation of Chinese digital feminism","authors":"Yayun Wang, Jiang Chang","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2023.2205672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2023.2205672","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article employs semistructured interviews with 43 Chinese female social media users who openly disapprove of feminist politics to examine what socio-cultural factors have shaped such perceptions and how they might limit the reach of Chinese digital feminism. Three themes of anti-feminist discourses held by respondents are distilled and discussed. These are: feminism as a concealed form of disciplinary normality for women, feminists as accountable for undermining women’s solidarity, and digital feminism as merely a trendy business. A contextual interpretation shows that the technological affordances of Chinese social media platforms and a pro-fertility state discourse have conspired to make such misconceptions. By acknowledging the legacy of the #MeToo movement in spotlighting the role of patriarchy in the subordination of women, this article calls for the exploration of diversified communication channels in the future development of Chinese digital feminism.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"226 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42761519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2023.2216513
Shaodan Zhang
ABSTRACT This article examines Chinese-Islamic cultural encounters in the aspect of gender, investigating the issue of widows using Muslims in late imperial China as a case study. Mainly drawing upon historical sources produced by Chinese Muslims themselves, including inscriptions on steles in mosques, genealogies of Chinese Muslim lineages, as well as books written by Chinese Muslims in the late imperial period, this research probes into how Chinese Muslim men and women navigated between disparate Confucian and Islamic gender discourses in both their scholarly discussion and everyday practice. This research notes that from the mid-17th century to the late-19th century, Chinese Muslims displayed transforming attitudes of disapproval, silence, appropriation, and incorporation of Confucian notions of widows’ chastity, despite the Qur’anic discouragement of celibacy. This process did not indicate a decline of Islam amongst these Muslims. On the one hand, they were able to Islamize Confucian concepts and create a unique “Chinese Islamic” gender discourse. On the other hand, the cult of chastity was empowering to Chinese Muslim women, allowing them to expand their social space and be engaged in various communal and public activities of Islam. Women thus began to play a more public role in transmitting Chinese Islamic values and knowledge.
{"title":"Creation of chaste Muslim widows in late imperial Confucian-Islamic cultural encounters","authors":"Shaodan Zhang","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2023.2216513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2023.2216513","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines Chinese-Islamic cultural encounters in the aspect of gender, investigating the issue of widows using Muslims in late imperial China as a case study. Mainly drawing upon historical sources produced by Chinese Muslims themselves, including inscriptions on steles in mosques, genealogies of Chinese Muslim lineages, as well as books written by Chinese Muslims in the late imperial period, this research probes into how Chinese Muslim men and women navigated between disparate Confucian and Islamic gender discourses in both their scholarly discussion and everyday practice. This research notes that from the mid-17th century to the late-19th century, Chinese Muslims displayed transforming attitudes of disapproval, silence, appropriation, and incorporation of Confucian notions of widows’ chastity, despite the Qur’anic discouragement of celibacy. This process did not indicate a decline of Islam amongst these Muslims. On the one hand, they were able to Islamize Confucian concepts and create a unique “Chinese Islamic” gender discourse. On the other hand, the cult of chastity was empowering to Chinese Muslim women, allowing them to expand their social space and be engaged in various communal and public activities of Islam. Women thus began to play a more public role in transmitting Chinese Islamic values and knowledge.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"163 - 184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42767569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2023.2216511
Lingwei Shao
ABSTRACT Chinese Dating, a TV dating show that premiered on Shanghai Dragon TV by the end of 2016, highlighted the role of parents in their children’s mate selection process. By conducting in-depth interviews with 40 never-married, heterosexual, and educated women between the ages of 20 and 30 in urban China, this study discusses how the young female audiences interpret the show and how they relate it to their lived experiences. The results indicate that the female audiences strongly criticize the traditional gender division of labor emphasized by the parents on Chinese Dating. Celebrating individual freedom and self-actualization, young women today have made every effort to break down stereotyped gender roles and strive for an egalitarian marriage. However, the results show that the interviewees agree with the young guests on Chinese Dating and widely accept parental interference in mate selection due to the Confucian doctrine of filial piety and strong emotional bonds with parents. This study concludes that there has been little attempt to challenge patriarchal parental authority in contemporary China. The younger generation still has a long way to go before achieving full autonomy and including individualized marriage.
{"title":"When dating shows encounter parents: A reception study of Chinese Dating among Chinese young female audiences","authors":"Lingwei Shao","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2023.2216511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2023.2216511","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chinese Dating, a TV dating show that premiered on Shanghai Dragon TV by the end of 2016, highlighted the role of parents in their children’s mate selection process. By conducting in-depth interviews with 40 never-married, heterosexual, and educated women between the ages of 20 and 30 in urban China, this study discusses how the young female audiences interpret the show and how they relate it to their lived experiences. The results indicate that the female audiences strongly criticize the traditional gender division of labor emphasized by the parents on Chinese Dating. Celebrating individual freedom and self-actualization, young women today have made every effort to break down stereotyped gender roles and strive for an egalitarian marriage. However, the results show that the interviewees agree with the young guests on Chinese Dating and widely accept parental interference in mate selection due to the Confucian doctrine of filial piety and strong emotional bonds with parents. This study concludes that there has been little attempt to challenge patriarchal parental authority in contemporary China. The younger generation still has a long way to go before achieving full autonomy and including individualized marriage.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"248 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44353824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2023.2206184
Byung-Deuk Woo, Na Kyeong Lee
ABSTRACT After the adoption of gender budget initiatives in Australia in 1983, over seventy countries aiming to improve women’s political empowerment introduce gender budget initiatives to engender policies. However, the relationship between gender budget initiatives and women’s political empowerment has not been examined thoroughly and empirically. This article assesses the influence of gender budget initiatives with panel data about 173 countries from 1980 to 2016. Using panel data fixed effects models, this article finds that the introduction of gender budget initiatives improves women’s political empowerment. This link is consistently robust in a lagged dependent variable (LDV) model specification. Moreover, the estimated average treatment effects (ATEs) and average treatment effects on the treated (ATETs) of gender budget initiatives on women’s political empowerment also support the efficiency of gender budget initiatives. This article contributes to the literature on gender budget and women’s empowerment by testing the general impacts of gender budget initiatives on women’s political empowerment with time-series cross-national data.
{"title":"An empirical assessment of the effectiveness of gender budget initiatives on women’s political empowerment","authors":"Byung-Deuk Woo, Na Kyeong Lee","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2023.2206184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2023.2206184","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT After the adoption of gender budget initiatives in Australia in 1983, over seventy countries aiming to improve women’s political empowerment introduce gender budget initiatives to engender policies. However, the relationship between gender budget initiatives and women’s political empowerment has not been examined thoroughly and empirically. This article assesses the influence of gender budget initiatives with panel data about 173 countries from 1980 to 2016. Using panel data fixed effects models, this article finds that the introduction of gender budget initiatives improves women’s political empowerment. This link is consistently robust in a lagged dependent variable (LDV) model specification. Moreover, the estimated average treatment effects (ATEs) and average treatment effects on the treated (ATETs) of gender budget initiatives on women’s political empowerment also support the efficiency of gender budget initiatives. This article contributes to the literature on gender budget and women’s empowerment by testing the general impacts of gender budget initiatives on women’s political empowerment with time-series cross-national data.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"286 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45465874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2023.2211379
Benu Verma
{"title":"Mobile Girls Koottam: Working Women Speak","authors":"Benu Verma","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2023.2211379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2023.2211379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"68 6","pages":"315 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41315698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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