Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2023.2183453
C. Yang, Yongyuan Zhou
ABSTRACT This research suggests that the legitimacy of Chinese feminist public opinion is reflected in mainstream digital grassroots feminism. The authors investigate the use of feminist discourse in the Chinese Internet with the aim of highlighting and focusing current discussions among grassroots feminists in China. This research reveals that mainstream debates revolve around radical and conservative feminism. We propose that there is an emerging radical force in the mainstream debate, which is conceptualized as “new feminist activism.” It tries to separate itself from national and sexual politics, and has evolved from western radical feminism, separatist feminism, and socialist feminism in China. In addition, new feminist activism is labeled as extreme feminism and pseudo-feminism and is not only criticized by conservatives such as liberal feminists and socialist feminists but is also ruled by the state for ideological control. Appropriation of feminist discourses by grassroots feminists have led to positions of different groups splitting, and there is an intense internal fight for power over discourse. In general, digital feminism in China is characterized by a focus on the private sphere, de-political, and indirect confrontation.
{"title":"Shifting the struggle inward: Mainstream debate on digital grassroots feminism in China","authors":"C. Yang, Yongyuan Zhou","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2023.2183453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2023.2183453","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research suggests that the legitimacy of Chinese feminist public opinion is reflected in mainstream digital grassroots feminism. The authors investigate the use of feminist discourse in the Chinese Internet with the aim of highlighting and focusing current discussions among grassroots feminists in China. This research reveals that mainstream debates revolve around radical and conservative feminism. We propose that there is an emerging radical force in the mainstream debate, which is conceptualized as “new feminist activism.” It tries to separate itself from national and sexual politics, and has evolved from western radical feminism, separatist feminism, and socialist feminism in China. In addition, new feminist activism is labeled as extreme feminism and pseudo-feminism and is not only criticized by conservatives such as liberal feminists and socialist feminists but is also ruled by the state for ideological control. Appropriation of feminist discourses by grassroots feminists have led to positions of different groups splitting, and there is an intense internal fight for power over discourse. In general, digital feminism in China is characterized by a focus on the private sphere, de-political, and indirect confrontation.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"69 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42465238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2023.2186633
Rabby Q. Lavilles, M. Tinam-isan, E. L. Sala
ABSTRACT Entrepreneurs utilize social media to market their products, create value, innovate, and reach their customers. However, recent literature reviews emphasize the need for further investigating the role of social media in small businesses or individual owners. This study explores the enabling empowerment of women pursuing small businesses using social media platforms in Southern Philippines. A thematic analysis, following the grounded theory approach, was conducted to derive themes that explain social media as an enabler of empowerment as experienced by individual women business owners or sellers. The themes indicate that social media enabled them to start or continue their own business and expand their market reach through family and close friends. Moreover, it became an avenue for expressing their autonomy and learning to use the features of social media in an innovative way to support their business.
{"title":"Social media as an enabler of women’s entrepreneurial empowerment during the pandemic","authors":"Rabby Q. Lavilles, M. Tinam-isan, E. L. Sala","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2023.2186633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2023.2186633","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Entrepreneurs utilize social media to market their products, create value, innovate, and reach their customers. However, recent literature reviews emphasize the need for further investigating the role of social media in small businesses or individual owners. This study explores the enabling empowerment of women pursuing small businesses using social media platforms in Southern Philippines. A thematic analysis, following the grounded theory approach, was conducted to derive themes that explain social media as an enabler of empowerment as experienced by individual women business owners or sellers. The themes indicate that social media enabled them to start or continue their own business and expand their market reach through family and close friends. Moreover, it became an avenue for expressing their autonomy and learning to use the features of social media in an innovative way to support their business.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"29 1","pages":"136 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59830916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2127623
Xiao-qing Sun
{"title":"Women and leadership: Real lives, real lesson","authors":"Xiao-qing Sun","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2022.2127623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2022.2127623","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"522 - 527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41622541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2157993
Eun-Shil Kim
{"title":"Farewell message from the Editor-in-Chief","authors":"Eun-Shil Kim","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2022.2157993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2022.2157993","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"417 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42927098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2151089
Z. Sadeghi
ABSTRACT According to Foucault, governments use biopower to take advantage of numerous and diverse techniques for the subjugation of bodies and controlling populations. Although he never discussed gender directly, women’s bodies and natural life processes have always been sites of power and control. This paper seeks to show how Iran’s recent Youthful Population and Protection of the Family Law is an example of the exercise of biopower that controls women’s reproduction and denies them access to contraceptives. This is based on how women have reacted and resisted it using the social media platforms of Twitter with # حقوق_باروری (#reproductive_rights).
{"title":"Resisting biopower for reproductive rights: Iranian women’s hashtags","authors":"Z. Sadeghi","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2022.2151089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2022.2151089","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT According to Foucault, governments use biopower to take advantage of numerous and diverse techniques for the subjugation of bodies and controlling populations. Although he never discussed gender directly, women’s bodies and natural life processes have always been sites of power and control. This paper seeks to show how Iran’s recent Youthful Population and Protection of the Family Law is an example of the exercise of biopower that controls women’s reproduction and denies them access to contraceptives. This is based on how women have reacted and resisted it using the social media platforms of Twitter with # حقوق_باروری (#reproductive_rights).","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"510 - 521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41385969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2142361
Vasudha Katju
ABSTRACT Scholars and activists have referred to the process of ‘NGOization’ as a major part of the transformation of India’s autonomous women’s movement (AWM) since the 1990s and also see this as a cause of its decline. This refers to the process of non-funded movement collectives turning into non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that are externally funded. The absence of young women in feminist collectives and at protest events, alongside the altered strategies, organizations, and goals of feminist activism, are seen as part of NGOization. However, I argue that while this process impacted feminist politics, there are several other factors that have shaped the AWM as of the 1990s, but have remained under-explored. These include movement institutionalization, demobilization, and other internal issues. My arguments are based on primary and secondary data on the AWM.
{"title":"The autonomous women’s movement in India: Beyond the NGOization framework","authors":"Vasudha Katju","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2022.2142361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2022.2142361","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Scholars and activists have referred to the process of ‘NGOization’ as a major part of the transformation of India’s autonomous women’s movement (AWM) since the 1990s and also see this as a cause of its decline. This refers to the process of non-funded movement collectives turning into non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that are externally funded. The absence of young women in feminist collectives and at protest events, alongside the altered strategies, organizations, and goals of feminist activism, are seen as part of NGOization. However, I argue that while this process impacted feminist politics, there are several other factors that have shaped the AWM as of the 1990s, but have remained under-explored. These include movement institutionalization, demobilization, and other internal issues. My arguments are based on primary and secondary data on the AWM.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"495 - 509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43489428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2140942
Yilin Yu
ABSTRACT The current cultural discourse of successful ageing tends to reinvigorate the graying population into young, energetic and healthy social beings through prescriptions of active sexuality. On TV, in movies and advertising, the term ‘sexy oldies’ has emerged to uphold this script about old people and their sexuality. However, what seems to be troubling about the (online) depiction of the ageing demographic is its rigid and homogenous portrayal of old people and their sexuality that misrepresents aspects of gender and age, especially when it refers in an unfavorable manner to the bodies of older women in the mass media. Delving into the sexual portrayal of old persons in internet pornography, this paper scrutinizes the politics and problematic of gender representation and successful ageing via a content analysis of a popular porn website, XVideos. I argue here that although the online appearance of sexy oldies transmits a positive cultural signal that affirms the existential significance of older women, it provides a sexist and ageist handling of their bodies, especially how their online identities are presented. The question then is about the need to redress this and seek more gender equal representations.
{"title":"The politics of gender representation and successful ageing in internet pornography","authors":"Yilin Yu","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2022.2140942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2022.2140942","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The current cultural discourse of successful ageing tends to reinvigorate the graying population into young, energetic and healthy social beings through prescriptions of active sexuality. On TV, in movies and advertising, the term ‘sexy oldies’ has emerged to uphold this script about old people and their sexuality. However, what seems to be troubling about the (online) depiction of the ageing demographic is its rigid and homogenous portrayal of old people and their sexuality that misrepresents aspects of gender and age, especially when it refers in an unfavorable manner to the bodies of older women in the mass media. Delving into the sexual portrayal of old persons in internet pornography, this paper scrutinizes the politics and problematic of gender representation and successful ageing via a content analysis of a popular porn website, XVideos. I argue here that although the online appearance of sexy oldies transmits a positive cultural signal that affirms the existential significance of older women, it provides a sexist and ageist handling of their bodies, especially how their online identities are presented. The question then is about the need to redress this and seek more gender equal representations.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"438 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44295927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2127622
Björn Boman
ABSTRACT While contemporary South Korea is fairly westernized but represents a lag in the spheres of culture and politics, it is expected that the current Korean wave or Hallyu 4.0 – popular cultural content, diffused as of 2016 – are cumulatively signified by feminist themes, merged with more traditional Korean and East Asian cultural elements. Five representative Hallyu 4.0 dramas are examined here, based on cultural globalization theory (e.g., hybridization), along with a review of some earlier studies of Korean dramas and relevant strands of feminist scholarship. The findings suggest that much of the moderately modern elements found in earlier waves of Korean drama are still present, while liberal or neoliberal feminist elements are manifest in all five shows, although to different degrees. This ideological shift, in part, reflects recent sociocultural changes.
{"title":"Feminist themes in Hallyu 4.0 South Korean TV dramas as a reflection of a changing sociocultural landscape","authors":"Björn Boman","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2022.2127622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2022.2127622","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While contemporary South Korea is fairly westernized but represents a lag in the spheres of culture and politics, it is expected that the current Korean wave or Hallyu 4.0 – popular cultural content, diffused as of 2016 – are cumulatively signified by feminist themes, merged with more traditional Korean and East Asian cultural elements. Five representative Hallyu 4.0 dramas are examined here, based on cultural globalization theory (e.g., hybridization), along with a review of some earlier studies of Korean dramas and relevant strands of feminist scholarship. The findings suggest that much of the moderately modern elements found in earlier waves of Korean drama are still present, while liberal or neoliberal feminist elements are manifest in all five shows, although to different degrees. This ideological shift, in part, reflects recent sociocultural changes.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"419 - 437"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49664453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2148373
Yumasdaleni, A. Harahap, Tanya Jakimow, A. Siahaan
ABSTRACT The path from student politics to electoral politics is a well-worn one across Asia. Literature examining this pathway overwhelmingly does so from the perspective of men, failing to adequately acknowledge women's relative inability to make the transition from campuses to legislatures in the same way. This article focuses on Indonesian women's experiences to explain why they remain underrepresented in politics and sheds light on the ways its student movements have shaped democracy. Through in-depth interviews with women who have and have not entered electoral politics after early political apprenticeships in student movements and focus group discussions with current students on potential political careers, we identify the barriers and opportunities faced by women in enhancing their political participation. We argue that the literature on student politics across Asia will remain incomplete without seriously attending to women's experiences. We thereafter argue for the need to identify ways to support them in their journey from campus to legislatures.
{"title":"From campus to legislatures: Women’s experience of electoral politics in Indonesia","authors":"Yumasdaleni, A. Harahap, Tanya Jakimow, A. Siahaan","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2022.2148373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2022.2148373","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The path from student politics to electoral politics is a well-worn one across Asia. Literature examining this pathway overwhelmingly does so from the perspective of men, failing to adequately acknowledge women's relative inability to make the transition from campuses to legislatures in the same way. This article focuses on Indonesian women's experiences to explain why they remain underrepresented in politics and sheds light on the ways its student movements have shaped democracy. Through in-depth interviews with women who have and have not entered electoral politics after early political apprenticeships in student movements and focus group discussions with current students on potential political careers, we identify the barriers and opportunities faced by women in enhancing their political participation. We argue that the literature on student politics across Asia will remain incomplete without seriously attending to women's experiences. We thereafter argue for the need to identify ways to support them in their journey from campus to legislatures.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"457 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46857894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2137286
M. S. Singh
ABSTRACT The massive expansion of higher education in contemporary India has been accompanied by corresponding increases in the number of women students in colleges and universities. Given this backdrop, this paper discusses the experiences of young women students within the public and private spaces of their new lives in college. Some recent discussions concerning young women in urban India have privileged public spaces as sites of freedom to which they should lay claim. This paper is based on research on women students in Prayagraj, a city in North India, and shows how college and hostel spaces enable new forms of sociability, in which they form non-kin relationships. These are formed among students of diverse social identities but are shaped by their class locations as well within the social context of homosociality. Young women students create a new social world inside their colleges and hostels, build friendships and create certain kinds of intimacies. Cooking together and caring for each other in times of illness emerge as important aspects of their friendships. Hostel spaces, in particular, provide some freedom and comfort for the young women who reside in them. This article brings out the ways in which women students inhabit such spaces, creating social support systems and care networks.
{"title":"Female friendship and care in a North Indian university","authors":"M. S. Singh","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2022.2137286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2022.2137286","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The massive expansion of higher education in contemporary India has been accompanied by corresponding increases in the number of women students in colleges and universities. Given this backdrop, this paper discusses the experiences of young women students within the public and private spaces of their new lives in college. Some recent discussions concerning young women in urban India have privileged public spaces as sites of freedom to which they should lay claim. This paper is based on research on women students in Prayagraj, a city in North India, and shows how college and hostel spaces enable new forms of sociability, in which they form non-kin relationships. These are formed among students of diverse social identities but are shaped by their class locations as well within the social context of homosociality. Young women students create a new social world inside their colleges and hostels, build friendships and create certain kinds of intimacies. Cooking together and caring for each other in times of illness emerge as important aspects of their friendships. Hostel spaces, in particular, provide some freedom and comfort for the young women who reside in them. This article brings out the ways in which women students inhabit such spaces, creating social support systems and care networks.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"478 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47933531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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