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Women in the civil services: Gender and workplace identities in India 公务员中的妇女:印度的性别和工作场所身份
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2098558
N. Pattanaik
This book explores the personal and professional lives of women in the Indian Civil Services and analyses the dynamics of gender and their workplace identities. Based on fi rst-hand interviews of women civil servants at various levels and career stages, the book is written from a liberal feminist point of view. One of the many goals of this perspective is to level the playing fi eld for men and women and move towards participatory equality via a ffi rmative action so that women are encouraged to join the world of work, politics, and knowledge production. This is followed by presentation of primary data, collected via interviews and survey research for this empirical study. The book presents a narrative of women civil servants and their work conditions, the degrees of authority they exercise and their perceptions about themselves, their children, husbands, families, male and female colleagues, politicians, and the public at large. It addresses pertinent issues like work-family balance, workforce diversity, equal employment opportu-nity, and sexual harassment at the workplace, among others. The author also addresses questions such as whether women in public administration think di ff erently from their male colleagues and if they exercise di ff erent leadership styles, prioritize di ff erent issues, approach problems di ff erently, make decisions in markedly di ff erent ways and play an active representative role? This book helps to identify some major obstacles that hinder the participation of women in decision-making and uncovers the bottlenecks that impede their advancement in the civil services, more speci fi cally for assuming policymaking positions. The book and the fi rst the author introduces the
这本书探讨了印度公务员中女性的个人和职业生活,并分析了性别的动态和她们的工作场所身份。该书从自由女性主义的角度出发,以对不同级别和职业阶段的女性公务员的第一手采访为基础。这一视角的众多目标之一是为男性和女性创造公平的竞争环境,并通过积极行动实现参与性平等,从而鼓励妇女加入工作、政治和知识生产的世界。接下来是主要数据的介绍,通过访谈和调查研究收集了这个实证研究。这本书讲述了女性公务员和她们的工作条件,她们行使的权威程度,以及她们对自己、孩子、丈夫、家庭、男女同事、政治家和广大公众的看法。它解决了工作与家庭平衡、劳动力多样性、平等就业机会、工作场所性骚扰等相关问题。作者还提出了一些问题,如公共行政部门的女性是否与男性同事有不同的思维方式,是否采用不同的领导风格,是否优先考虑不同的问题,是否以不同的方式处理问题,是否以明显不同的方式做出决策,是否发挥积极的代表性作用?这本书有助于确定阻碍妇女参与决策的一些主要障碍,并揭示了阻碍她们在公务员制度中晋升的瓶颈,更具体地说,是在担任决策职位方面。这本书和第一部作者介绍了
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引用次数: 0
Of ban, use, and misuse: Young women and emergency contraceptive pill in contemporary India 禁用、使用和误用:当代印度的年轻妇女和紧急避孕药
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2095761
H. Bajaj
ABSTRACT After the emergency contraceptive pill (ECP) became available in India, it has received significant attention from several social, religious, and political groups and institutions. The increasing use of the ECP as a hormonal birth control method by women has not only bothered medical institutions due to its short-term and possible long-term side-effects, but some social and religious groups have also demanded an outright ban on its sale. This paper is based first on the limited public discussion on the ECP, which has focused on morality; and second, on my semi-structured interviews with women that illustrate the gendered contexts within which they have exercised choice regarding its use. Feminist scholarship on heterosexuality demonstrates that the social context of gendered power relations affects contraceptive choices and negotiations between partners. Using this as a framework, this article there by highlights young women’s negotiation regarding their sexual desires and safe sex within spaces of intimacy and power.
紧急避孕药(ECP)在印度上市后,受到了社会、宗教和政治团体和机构的极大关注。越来越多的女性使用ECP作为激素避孕方法,不仅因为其短期和可能的长期副作用而困扰着医疗机构,而且一些社会和宗教团体也要求彻底禁止其销售。本文首先基于有限的公众对ECP的讨论,这些讨论主要集中在道德方面;其次,在我对女性的半结构化采访中,她们在性别背景下选择使用这个词。异性恋的女权主义研究表明,性别权力关系的社会背景影响了伴侣之间的避孕选择和谈判。以此为框架,这篇文章强调了年轻女性在亲密和权力的空间里关于她们的性欲和安全性行为的谈判。
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引用次数: 0
Agency or communion: Inter-generational dynamics of doing unpaid work at home in South Korea 代理或交流:韩国在家无偿工作的代际动态
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2094642
E. Koo
ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of doing housework on the self, with the aim of understanding women’s active move to gain agency in recent years and men’s hesitation in moving toward roles of caring or communion. It further seeks to understand what underlies these behavioral differences of gender. By analyzing data gathered via 79 biographical interviews and three focus group interviews with respondents drawn from two generations in Korea, I examine the following issues regarding doing unpaid work at home. First, between generations, the shift in cultural ideology from traditional gender norms to individual achievement has weakened the motivation to do unpaid work. Second, unlike conventional insights about gender differences in behavior, wherein women pursue closeness and affection (communion) while men seek independence and autonomy (agency), it is contended here that women and men pursue both to varying degrees in order to empower themselves while coping with unpaid work at home. This study contributes to understanding issues regarding gendered behavior in the following ways: it offers new insights about the conventional understanding about gender behavior being dichotomous; clarifies how women placed under traditional gender norms perform as autonomous actors; and seeks to understand gendered behavior in a historical context.
摘要本研究旨在探讨家务劳动对自我的影响,以了解近年来女性在获得能动性方面的积极举动,以及男性在转向照顾或交流角色方面的犹豫。它进一步寻求理解这些性别行为差异背后的原因。通过分析通过79个传记访谈和3个焦点小组访谈收集的数据,受访者来自韩国的两代人,我研究了以下关于在家做无偿工作的问题。首先,在两代人之间,文化意识形态从传统的性别规范向个人成就的转变削弱了从事无偿工作的动机。其次,与传统的关于行为性别差异的见解不同,女性追求亲密和情感(交流),而男性追求独立和自主(代理),这里的观点认为,女性和男性在不同程度上追求亲密和情感(交流),以便在处理家庭无偿工作时赋予自己权力。本研究在以下几个方面有助于理解性别行为问题:对性别行为是二分的传统理解提供了新的见解;阐明在传统性别规范下的女性如何作为自主行动者进行表演;并试图在历史背景下理解性别行为。
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引用次数: 1
Chinese female desire, gaze, and identity construction: A case study of “Boys Love” 中国女性的欲望、凝视与身份建构——以《男孩的爱》为例
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2098556
Shuying Liang
ABSTRACT In recent years, there are few studies on Chinese female identity construction, female gaze, and sexual desire, as seen via the consumption of Boys Love (BL) media, or the tanbi genre. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concept of habitus and Deleuze’s idea of desire, this paper notes that expressions and alterations regarding sexual desire by Chinese female spectators are reflected in their imagined projections and consumption of BL media as part of their identity construction. These are situated in an imagined community of BL fans in Online Social Media (OSM). Using the trajectory of responses and exchanges of Chinese female audiences on the light Thai BL comedy, 2gether the Series (2020), which is introduced via fan-subtitling, I explore the dynamics of these female spectators as a case study. To a great extent, this represents a process of evolving their own gender values, sexual desires and identities through the consumption of BL media and writings based on the former. This paper thereby attempts to explore how Chinese female spectators project masculinity in homoeroticism and demonstrates that female identity construction is autonomous, proactive, and creative. Also reflected here are their strong beliefs in egalitarian love relationships, regardless of sexual preferences.
摘要近年来,关于中国女性身份建构、女性凝视和性欲望的研究很少,这些研究主要是通过对BL媒体或耽美题材的消费来进行的。本文借鉴布迪厄的习性观和德勒兹的欲望观,注意到中国女性观众对性欲的表达和改变反映在她们对BL媒体的想象投射和消费中,这是她们身份建构的一部分。这些都位于在线社交媒体(OSM)中BL粉丝的想象社区中。本文以中国女性观众对泰国轻喜剧《一起》系列(2020)的反应和交流轨迹为例,通过粉丝字幕的方式进行介绍,探讨这些女性观众的动态。这在很大程度上代表了她们通过对BL媒介和基于BL的文字的消费,不断演变自身的性别价值观、性欲和身份认同的过程。因此,本文试图探讨中国女性观众如何在同性恋中投射男性气质,并证明女性身份建构是自主的、主动的和创造性的。这也反映了他们对平等爱情关系的坚定信念,无论性取向如何。
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引用次数: 2
Sustainable menstrual products: The challenges ahead 可持续月经用品:未来的挑战
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2098896
P. Ahuja, Navjit Singh
ABSTRACT Taboos regarding menstruation in society have greatly influenced the lives of women. Women and the environment are also affected by the commercialization of menstrual products by the corporate giants that sell these. This exploratory study was undertaken through in-depth interviews to identify the challenges women face while menstruating. It was broadly seen that women were inclined to use traditional or older menstrual products they were used to. Some reasons for the gaps in the awareness and knowledge regarding what have been called sustainable menstrual products (SMPs) have also been identified to represent the themes of Self-concept, Pre-conceived notions, Accessibility, Routines, and Knowledge. We note here that if such gaps in information are addressed, awareness and knowledge about SMPs would increase and lead towards their adoption. Further, we seek to provide future directions for researchers to study some novel menstrual products that are considered sustainable.
社会上关于月经的禁忌极大地影响了女性的生活。女性和环境也受到销售经期产品的企业巨头商业化的影响。这项探索性研究是通过深入访谈来确定女性在月经期间面临的挑战。人们普遍认为,妇女倾向于使用她们习惯的传统或较旧的月经产品。关于所谓的可持续月经产品(SMPs)的意识和知识差距的一些原因也被确定为代表自我概念,先入为主的观念,可及性,惯例和知识的主题。我们在此注意到,如果这些信息上的差距得到解决,对smp的认识和知识将会增加,并导致它们的采用。此外,我们寻求为研究人员提供未来的方向,以研究一些被认为是可持续的新型月经产品。
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引用次数: 1
Social-mediated frame alignment: A study of menstrual activism in China during the COVID-19 pandemic 社会介导的框架对齐:COVID-19大流行期间中国月经活动的研究
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2098554
Qianying Zhou, Hongfeng Qiu, Xinying Yang
ABSTRACT At the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, an urgent appeal for the donation of menstrual products for female medics was ignored by medical institutions. This soon triggered an unprecedented wave of socially-mediated menstrual activism. By adopting frame alignment as a theoretical framework, this study aims to explore the frames social media influencers utilize to represent topics relating to menstruation and menstrual activism and how the public responded on this taboo issue. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of the frames adopted by WeChat posts. Statistical results showed that news organization accounts used fewer conflict, human interest, and feminism frames than individual and corporate accounts in order to avoid controversy in cyberspace. This study also demonstrated the use of frames of menstrual stigma and public invisibility of menstruation was associated with the pro-feminist attitudes of followers, while the use of efficiency and respect frames was correlated with anti-feminist attitudes. These findings should also provide insights into social-mediated frame alignment strategies for future menstrual and other types of activism.
在中国新冠肺炎疫情爆发初期,医疗机构曾紧急呼吁为女医务人员捐赠经期用品,但却被忽视。这很快引发了一场前所未有的由社会介导的月经活动浪潮。通过采用框架一致性作为理论框架,本研究旨在探讨社交媒体影响者用来代表月经和月经活动相关话题的框架,以及公众对这一禁忌问题的反应。我们对微信帖子采用的框架进行了定性内容分析。统计结果显示,为了避免网络空间的争议,新闻机构账户比个人和企业账户更少地使用冲突、人类利益和女权主义框架。本研究还表明,使用月经耻辱和公开月经隐形框架与追随者的支持女权主义态度相关,而使用效率和尊重框架与反女权主义态度相关。这些发现也应该为未来月经和其他类型的活动提供社会介导的框架对齐策略的见解。
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引用次数: 1
Displaced women of the Panna tiger reserve Panna老虎保护区的流离失所妇女
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2089469
Nalini Bikkina, Aswathi Surendran, Mounica Denumkonda
ABSTRACT This study explores the experience of displacement from the perspective of women who have been or are about to be moved from their homes and sources of livelihood, to make way for the expansion of a wildlife reserve in India. We conducted this in the Nayi Basti (Nb) and Umravan (U) areas of the tribal belt around the Panna Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh state of India. Availability of common property resources significantly contributed to a better position for women in tribal society, despite their lack of access to modern health care and education. Displacement to plains and non-forest areas with no access to familiar means of livelihood, however, makes such communities vulnerable to psychosocial trauma and decline in social status. We conducted in-depth interviews with women respondents and key informants for this study to assess the levels of distress of women after they were displaced and obtained their perspectives, in particular, about the key psychosocial issues they faced after moving.
摘要本研究从已经或即将离开家园和生计来源的妇女的角度探讨了流离失所的经历,为印度野生动物保护区的扩张让路。我们在印度中央邦Panna老虎保护区周围部落带的Nayi Basti(Nb)和Umravan(U)地区进行了这项研究。公共财产资源的提供大大有助于妇女在部落社会中获得更好的地位,尽管她们无法获得现代医疗保健和教育。然而,流离失所到平原和非森林地区,无法获得熟悉的谋生手段,使这些社区容易受到心理创伤,社会地位下降。我们为这项研究对女性受访者和主要信息提供者进行了深入采访,以评估女性流离失所后的痛苦程度,并获得她们的观点,特别是对她们在搬家后面临的关键心理社会问题的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Flirting with the “Modern girl”: Socialism and cosmopolitanism in packaging a model-laborer in China 与“现代女孩”调情:中国劳模包装中的社会主义与世界主义
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2086763
Yajuan Liu, Matthew Galway, T. Hoy
ABSTRACT Huang Baomei was not an average national model-laborer (laomo). The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) granted her this grand title to leverage her social status for promoting its goals of getting workers to work harder, produce more, and consume less. But Huang Baomei longed to look and act like a “modern girl” (modeng nülang), the well-dressed and well-groomed image which Shanghai women had aspired to over generations. She not only survived through political movements such as the Anti-Rightist Campaign, but also took advantage of the movement discourse to win the hearts of many. She faced tough opposition, but the CCP Shanghai Municipal Committee helped to elevate her popularity over more than a decade in Communist China. In examining her career, this paper shows how Huang introduced debates among CCP cadres and both reshaped and directed key concepts in CCP propaganda at local and national levels.
黄宝梅并不是一个普通的全国劳模。中国共产党授予她这个伟大的头衔,是为了利用她的社会地位来促进其目标,即让工人更努力地工作,生产更多,消费更少。但黄宝梅渴望自己的外表和行为都像一个“现代女孩”(摩登少女),也就是几代上海女性所渴望的那种穿着得体、精心打扮的形象。她不仅在反右运动等政治运动中幸存下来,而且利用运动话语赢得了许多人的心。她面临着强烈的反对,但中共上海市委帮助她在共产主义中国的十多年里提高了知名度。在考察她的职业生涯时,本文展示了黄如何在中共干部中引入辩论,并在地方和国家层面重塑和指导中共宣传的关键概念。
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引用次数: 0
Fragmented local normative orders, unresolved localizations, and the contesting of gender equality norms in Turkey 支离破碎的地方规范秩序,未解决的本地化,以及土耳其性别平等规范的争论
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2059737
Husrev Tabak, S. Erdoğan, M. Doğan
ABSTRACT This paper examines the localization process of the global gender equality norm in Turkey and argues that the normative contestations on this concern, among rival political blocs and activist groups, have not allowed any resolution. Accordingly, the global gender equality norm has undergone state-led secular localization as of the 1990s. In the post-2010 context under AKP rule, however, this process was disrupted by the proponents of the alternative conservative local norm of gender justice, who sought to replace the already localized norm of gender equality. Our study examines the contestations and rivalries regarding gender equality in the country with an emphasis on normative strategies utilised by the secular and conservative political blocs. Based on face-to-face interviews conducted with representatives of the main trade unions in the country, we also did a minor case study of the ongoing contestations regarding the adoption of gender equality norms, as manifested in trade union activism.
摘要本文考察了全球性别平等规范在土耳其的本地化过程,并认为竞争对手政治集团和活动家团体之间对这一问题的规范争论没有任何解决方案。因此,截至20世纪90年代,全球性别平等规范已经经历了国家主导的世俗化。然而,在2010年后正义与发展党统治下,这一进程被另一种保守的地方性别公正规范的支持者所破坏,他们试图取代已经本地化的性别平等规范。我们的研究考察了该国关于性别平等的争论和竞争,重点是世俗和保守政治集团使用的规范策略。根据对该国主要工会代表进行的面对面采访,我们还对工会激进主义所体现的关于采用性别平等规范的持续争论进行了一个小案例研究。
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引用次数: 0
Women’s studies degrees as “political”: Some reflections from the Indian context 作为“政治”的女性研究学位:来自印度语境的一些思考
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2056371
Arpita Anand
ABSTRACT This article seeks to discuss how the idea of the “political” in its multiple and often contradictory manifestations pervades women’s studies as an academic field in general and degree programs in particular. It locates the dimensions of the political within the founding framework of women’s studies in India to highlight its interventionist character and problematize top–down institutionalization. Within this context, through the voices of contemporary students and teachers, the paper discusses the meanings of the political within academic degrees, based on fieldwork conducted in five women’s studies programs in northern and western India. It focuses on how instituting degrees in a field like women’s studies brings about overwhelming expectations of “teaching politics” and thus highlights the contradictions this produces within the space of an academic degree.
摘要本文试图探讨“政治”的概念是如何以其多重且往往相互矛盾的表现形式渗透到女性研究这一学术领域,尤其是学位课程中的。它将政治维度定位在印度妇女研究的创始框架内,以突出其干预主义特征,并将自上而下的制度化问题化。在此背景下,通过当代学生和教师的声音,本文基于在印度北部和西部五个妇女研究项目中进行的实地调查,讨论了学位内政治的含义。它关注的是在女性研究等领域设立学位如何带来对“政治教学”的压倒性期望,从而突显了这在学位空间内产生的矛盾。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Asian Journal of Womens Studies
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