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Datafied body projects in India: Femtech and the rise of reproductive surveillance in the digital era 印度的数据化身体项目:Femtech和数字时代生殖监控的兴起
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2021.2002010
Paro Mishra, Yogita Suresh
ABSTRACT This article examines the growing industry of digital self-tracking technologies designed for the female body, popularly known as femtech. Focusing mainly on reproductive technologies and applications, it situates femtech within the broader historical context of excluding women from research on medicine and clinical trials. Approaching femtech as datafied body projects, we argue that, even though these digital reproductive health technologies enhance user capacity for self-knowledge by quantifying reproduction, they raise apprehensions about issues of reproductive surveillance. These datafied body projects are not only technology-driven, but are also shaped by the neo-liberal ethos in which the state-corporate nexus shifts the onus of health management to participatory individuated forms, deemed as “empowering,” while simultaneously harnessing this user-generated data for control and profit. Finally, we argue that merely representing women in all spheres of health and procuring data on the female body is insufficient to address the larger concerns of gender in health. A more close-grained approach that addresses the structural embeddedness of exploitation of the female body for profit and the masculine epistemology around which these technologies are built is necessary.
摘要本文探讨了为女性身体设计的数字自我跟踪技术(俗称femtech)行业的发展。它主要关注生殖技术和应用,将女性技术置于将女性排除在医学和临床试验研究之外的更广泛的历史背景下。将女性技术视为数据化的身体项目,我们认为,尽管这些数字生殖健康技术通过量化生殖来增强用户的自我认知能力,但它们也引发了人们对生殖监测问题的担忧。这些数据化的身体项目不仅是技术驱动的,而且是由新自由主义精神塑造的,在这种精神中,国家与企业的关系将健康管理的责任转移到被视为“赋权”的参与式个性化形式上,同时利用这些用户生成的数据进行控制和盈利。最后,我们认为,仅仅在健康的各个领域代表妇女并获取有关女性身体的数据,不足以解决健康中更大的性别问题。有必要采用一种更精细的方法来解决利用女性身体牟利的结构嵌入性,以及这些技术所围绕的男性认识论。
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引用次数: 4
Entanglements of reproductive practices in India: Sex ratios, fertility, birthing and new reproductive technologies 印度生殖做法的困境:性别比例、生育率、分娩和新的生殖技术
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2021.2002012
R. Kaur, Paro Mishra, Anindita Mahumdar
Entanglements of reproductive practices in India: Sex ratios, fertility, birthing and new reproductive technologies Ravinder KAUR, Paro MISHRA and Anindita MAHUMDAR Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India; Department of Social Sciences and Humanities, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi, India; Department of Liberal Arts, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
印度生殖实践的纠缠:性别比例,生育率,生育和新的生殖技术Ravinder KAUR, Paro MISHRA和Anindita MAHUMDAR,印度理工学院人文社会科学系,德里,印度;Indraprastha信息技术学院社会科学与人文系,印度德里;印度理工学院文科系,海得拉巴,印度
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引用次数: 0
Breaking free from patriarchal appropriation of sacred texts: An Islamic feminist critique of Bol 从宗法对圣典的占有中挣脱出来:伊斯兰女性主义对圣典的批判
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2021.1981526
Azam Sarwar, Hong Zeng
ABSTRACT This paper is focused on Shoaib Mansoor’s feminist film, Bol (2011), seen as a commentary on religious “absolute explanatory schemes.” 1 Arguing that the film demonstrates how Pakistani patriarchy maneuvers sacred texts to construct comforting illusions for women, this paper uses the theory of Islamic Feminism to unravel the politics of religious interpretation and the discursive influence of Islamic fundamentalism. It notes that the protagonist’s inner conflict is a transgressional act and dragoons her into disrupting socio-religious boundaries. The paper also examines the film's confessional nature, exposing gender inequalities and injustices exercised through self-authorized religious dogma. Viewers of Bol enter a journey not only through the nodi that confront women and plague contemporary enunciations of Islam, but also through heterogeneous forms of iniquitous oppression, systematic bigotry, forced marriage, and endemic violence. The article concludes that by bridging the gulf between Islam and feminism, women’s rights movements can be effective in the Islamic world.
本文关注的是Shoaib Mansoor的女权主义电影《Bol》(2011),这部电影被视为对宗教“绝对解释方案”的评论。1本文认为这部电影展示了巴基斯坦父权制如何操纵神圣文本来为女性构建安慰的幻想,并运用伊斯兰女权主义理论来揭示宗教解释的政治和伊斯兰原教旨主义的话语影响。它指出,主人公的内心冲突是一种越界行为,并迫使她打破社会宗教界限。本文还考察了这部电影的忏悔性质,揭示了性别不平等和通过自我授权的宗教教条行使的不公正。《Bol》的观众不仅通过女性所面临的困境和困扰当代伊斯兰教的宣言进入了一段旅程,而且还通过各种形式的不公正压迫、系统性偏见、强迫婚姻和地方性暴力。文章的结论是,通过弥合伊斯兰教和女权主义之间的鸿沟,女权运动可以在伊斯兰世界发挥作用。
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引用次数: 3
Moving towards empowerment: Migrant domestic workers in India 走向赋权:印度的移徙家庭佣工
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2021.1957195
Shriya Thakkar
ABSTRACT The massive spurt in rural labor migration has led to urbanization in contemporary India. While research on gendered migration of informal labor focuses on male-outmigration and views women as “passive followers,” this study draws on the narratives of women domestic workers in Delhi to explore how they emerge as breadwinners within their households and how this sudden transformation of employment status impacts their position in their households. Further, it reimagines empowerment as an intimate engagement process for the women involving constant renegotiations of unequal power relations, gendered roles, responsibilities, beliefs, and values. Thereby, I examine how female domestic workers construct their identities in a socio-cultural environment where choices are limited for them.
摘要:农村劳动力大规模迁移导致了当代印度的城市化。虽然对非正规劳动力性别迁移的研究侧重于男性外移,并将女性视为“被动追随者”,但这项研究借鉴了德里女性家庭佣工的叙述,探讨了她们如何在家庭中成为养家糊口的人,以及就业地位的突然转变如何影响她们在家庭中的地位。此外,它将赋予权力重新想象为妇女的亲密参与过程,包括不断重新谈判不平等的权力关系、性别角色、责任、信仰和价值观。因此,我研究了女性家庭佣工如何在选择有限的社会文化环境中构建自己的身份。
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引用次数: 3
Struggling against religious rules and patriarchy: Druze women strive for education in Israel 与宗教规则和父权制作斗争:德鲁兹妇女在以色列争取教育
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2021.1961347
Ebtesam Barakat
ABSTRACT This paper presents the narratives of Druze women in Israel, focusing on their strategies in dealing with their parents and the clergy for obtaining secondary and higher education. These reveal their use of different forms of agency in their struggle for education, pointing to the key role played by their mothers. I argue that these patterns are related to the intersectionality of at least two subordinating and oppressive mechanisms: the Israeli state’s negligence with respect to Druze society and the social and religious structures imposed on Druze women. Their struggle to seek education is an example of women’s resistance against patriarchal oppression from within.
摘要本文介绍了以色列德鲁兹妇女的故事,重点介绍了她们为获得中等和高等教育而与父母和神职人员打交道的策略。这些都揭示了她们在争取教育的斗争中使用不同形式的代理,指出了她们的母亲所发挥的关键作用。我认为,这些模式与至少两种从属和压迫机制的交叉性有关:以色列国家对德鲁兹社会的疏忽以及强加给德鲁兹妇女的社会和宗教结构。她们寻求教育的斗争是妇女从内部反抗父权制压迫的一个例子。
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引用次数: 2
The role of rural women in household food security and nutrition management in Bangladesh 孟加拉国农村妇女在家庭粮食安全和营养管理中的作用
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2021.1970351
Subarna Ghosh, L. Sen, S. Mali, Md. Mozahidul Islam, Jhantu Bakchi
ABSTRACT Ensuring nutrition at the household level has been one of the greatest challenges for rural communities in Bangladesh. In this study, a coastal sub-district in Barguna, Bangladesh was selected for data collection, where we undertook 20 focus group discussions, 10 key informant interviews, and dietary diversity scoring with 50 respondents to understand women’s involvement in decision-making and income-generating activity. Based on descriptive and thematic analyses, we found that women’s participation in various income-generating activities made them self-dependent in decision-making within their households, which in turn improved their roles in household food security and nutritional management. The pattern of family food distribution revealed that most women ate meals leftover by males, whereas 48 percent consumed food from less than four food groups. These findings should be useful for public health workers, activists, and national/international stakeholders involved in improving the dietary quality and nutritional status of rural people.
摘要确保家庭营养一直是孟加拉国农村社区面临的最大挑战之一。在这项研究中,我们选择了孟加拉国巴古纳的一个沿海街道进行数据收集,在那里我们进行了20次焦点小组讨论,10次关键信息员访谈,并对50名受访者进行了饮食多样性评分,以了解妇女参与决策和创收活动的情况。根据描述性和专题分析,我们发现,妇女参与各种创收活动使她们在家庭决策中自力更生,这反过来又提高了她们在家庭粮食安全和营养管理中的作用。家庭食物分配模式显示,大多数女性吃的是男性剩下的食物,而48%的女性吃的食物不到四组。这些发现应该对公共卫生工作者、活动家和参与改善农村人口饮食质量和营养状况的国家/国际利益攸关方有用。
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引用次数: 5
Impact of emergency cash assistance on gender relations in the tribal areas of Pakistan 紧急现金援助对巴基斯坦部落地区两性关系的影响
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2021.1955447
Asif Iqbal Dawar, Marcos Farias Ferreira
ABSTRACT This paper seeks to make a contribution to the discussion on the consequences of social change brought about by relief programs in humanitarian contexts. It examines the extent to which the Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT) program (2014–2016) in the Pakistani tribal district of North Waziristan (NW) has influenced patriarchal gender norms in the region, in transforming perceptions about what men and women can do and on changing gender relations. Through interviews conducted in the field between 2017 and 2019, we examine the positive, albeit limited, impact on society and conclude that our study enabled a better understanding of micro practices and processes that challenge the patriarchal structure of society and the norms that sustain it. We illustrate how such processes have started to influence patriarchal norms by improving women’s status both at home and in the community, eventually leading to a shift in traditional perceptions and constructions of gender relations. Although these changes do appear significant, gender equality will continue to face tough challenges in the region and its consolidation depends on the collective efforts of development stakeholders to support unconditional, gender sensitive relief programs that transcend immediate humanitarian and post-humanitarian concerns.
摘要本文旨在对人道主义背景下救援计划带来的社会变革后果的讨论做出贡献。它考察了巴基斯坦北瓦济里斯坦部落地区的无条件现金转移(UCT)计划(2014-2016)在多大程度上影响了该地区的父权制性别规范,改变了人们对男性和女性可以做什么以及改变性别关系的看法。通过2017年至2019年期间在该领域进行的采访,我们考察了对社会的积极影响,尽管影响有限,并得出结论,我们的研究使我们能够更好地理解挑战社会父权结构和维持父权结构的规范的微观实践和过程。我们展示了这些过程是如何通过提高妇女在家庭和社区中的地位开始影响父权制规范的,最终导致传统观念和性别关系构建的转变。尽管这些变化看起来确实意义重大,但性别平等将继续在该地区面临严峻挑战,其巩固取决于发展利益攸关方的集体努力,以支持无条件、对性别问题敏感的救济计划,这些计划超越了当前的人道主义和后人道主义关切。
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引用次数: 1
Japanese women’s desire to learn English: Commodification of feminism in the language market 日本女性学习英语的欲望:语言市场中女性主义的商品化
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2021.1968629
Jelena Košinaga
ABSTRACT This critical ethnographic study explores the lived experiences of Japanese women and their desire to learn English in view of what can be referred to as the commodification of feminism. I approached 11 Japanese women to understand what kinds of desires they had to learn English and how they experienced the power derived out of learning the language. The data represented six themes: (1) desire to be acknowledged by other women, (2) mother’s influence as essential, (3) boost in confidence, (4) preference for multiculturalism rather than monoculturalism, (5) hegemonic position of a native English speaker is precarious, (6) dating is an alternative to lessons with native speaker. These findings demonstrate how these women’s desires, mediated through English, were versatile and cannot be articulated solely via discourses of intimacy with the West.
这项批判性的民族志研究探讨了日本女性的生活经历和她们学习英语的愿望,认为这可以被称为女权主义的商品化。我接触了11位日本女性,了解她们对学习英语有什么样的渴望,以及她们如何体验学习语言所带来的力量。这些数据代表了六个主题:(1)渴望得到其他女性的认可,(2)母亲的影响至关重要,(3)增强自信,(4)偏好多元文化而不是单一文化,(5)母语为英语的人的霸权地位是不稳定的,(6)约会是与母语为英语的人一起上课的另一种选择。这些发现表明,这些女性的欲望是如何通过英语介导的,是多种多样的,不能仅仅通过与西方的亲密关系来表达。
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引用次数: 0
Recognizing invisible work: The women domestic workers' movement in Bangladesh 认识看不见的工作:孟加拉国妇女家政工人运动
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2021.1965365
Anwesha Ghosh
ABSTRACT Domestic work is a highly feminized sector of work in Bangladesh, where women from poor neighborhoods of Dhaka city are found laboring for very low wages, without legal or social protection. Such work remains unrecognized and invisible, although it has been done for generations. Over the years, mobilization of domestic workers (DWs) by the National Domestic Women Workers Union (NDWWU) has helped to develop the leadership and negotiation capacities of its members, resulting in some improvement in their working conditions. This article is based on the qualitative findings of a study on social protection for DWs in three South Asian countries, namely, Bangladesh, Nepal and India, conducted by the Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO) in collaboration with International Domestic Workers Federation (IDWF). This article presents the challenges and major risks such workers face in Bangladesh. In addition, it also examines the struggle that the biggest domestic workers union, NDWWU and its allies have undertaken in order to ensure decent work conditions as well as legal and social protective measures for DWs in the country. In doing so, I aim to contribute to the limited literature on mobilization of the workers and related policy concerns in Bangladesh and the wider region.
在孟加拉国,家务劳动是一个高度女性化的工作领域,来自达卡市贫困社区的妇女被发现从事工资极低的劳动,没有法律或社会保护。尽管这种工作已经进行了几代人,但它仍然不被认可和隐形。多年来,全国家政女工工会动员家政工人,帮助发展了其成员的领导能力和谈判能力,从而使她们的工作条件有所改善。本文基于非正式就业妇女:全球化和组织(WIEGO)与国际家庭佣工联合会(IDWF)合作开展的一项关于孟加拉国、尼泊尔和印度三个南亚国家佣工社会保护的定性研究结果。本文介绍了这些工人在孟加拉国面临的挑战和主要风险。此外,报告还审查了最大的家庭工人工会NDWWU及其盟友为确保体面的工作条件以及为该国的家庭佣工采取法律和社会保护措施而进行的斗争。在这样做的过程中,我的目的是为孟加拉国和更广泛地区关于工人动员和相关政策问题的有限文献作出贡献。
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引用次数: 2
Women’s empowerment and transnational consumption of Hallyu in Vietnam 妇女赋权与越南Hallyu的跨国消费
IF 0.9 4区 社会学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2021-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2021.1924482
Haeyoung Jang, Ngoc Nguyen, Seung-Ho Kwon
ABSTRACT This paper aims to explore the growing popularity and consumption of Korean popular culture, known as Hallyu (Originating from Chinese, the Korean term, Hallyu is “Hàn lưu” in Vietnamese and pronounced similarly. During our interviews, we used the latter term, and in our survey we referred to “Korean cultural products”) (Korean Wave) amongst young Vietnamese women and examine its socio-cultural implications. To this end, we used in-depth interviews and a survey questionnaire as the main methods of data collection and endeavored to identify the trends and meaning of young women’s consumption of Hallyu products in Vietnam. Findings suggest that these signify the following: (i) the emergence of a new generation of womanhood in Vietnam and their empowerment as modern consumers who navigate consumer choices and complement information through the use of diverse channels, and (ii) their desire to construct a modern and cosmopolitan femininity and lifestyle underpinned by the changing role and status of women in the country. These findings add to a growing body of literature on the transnational consumption of media and goods as well as on women’s empowerment, especially in developing countries.
本文旨在探讨韩国流行文化的日益流行和消费,韩流在越南年轻女性中被称为韩流(源自汉语,韩语术语,越南语中的“Hàn lưu”发音相似。在我们的采访中,我们使用了后一个术语,在我们的调查中,我们提到了“韩国文化产品”),并考察了其社会文化含义。为此,我们采用深度访谈和问卷调查作为数据收集的主要方法,努力确定越南年轻女性消费Hallyu产品的趋势和意义。研究结果表明,这意味着:(i)越南新一代女性的出现,以及她们作为现代消费者的赋权,她们通过使用不同的渠道来引导消费者的选择并补充信息,以及(ii)她们希望建立一种现代和国际化的女性气质和生活方式,以妇女在该国不断变化的角色和地位为基础。这些发现增加了越来越多关于媒体和商品跨国消费以及妇女赋权的文献,特别是在发展中国家。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Asian Journal of Womens Studies
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