Pub Date : 2022-04-03DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2051818
Rosita Tandos, Runping Zhu, R. Krever
ABSTRACT Migrant female domestic workers are subject to an overarching system of isolation, subordination, and exploitation due to the intersection of their gender, low education, and foreign-migrant status. This is a study of Indonesian female migrant domestic workers and their actual experiences in the six distinct stages of their journey that have not been previously acknowledged. This enabled us to uncover the distinct exploitation and abuse problems they encountered at different stages and propose how these problems may be addressed, apart from formulating proposals for fundamental reform. We conclude by identifying ways in which the problems can be mitigated, or even fully addressed in some cases, through more active intervention by their home country.
{"title":"The protection and empowerment of Indonesian female migrant domestic workers: Proposals from a multi-stage analysis","authors":"Rosita Tandos, Runping Zhu, R. Krever","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2022.2051818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2022.2051818","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Migrant female domestic workers are subject to an overarching system of isolation, subordination, and exploitation due to the intersection of their gender, low education, and foreign-migrant status. This is a study of Indonesian female migrant domestic workers and their actual experiences in the six distinct stages of their journey that have not been previously acknowledged. This enabled us to uncover the distinct exploitation and abuse problems they encountered at different stages and propose how these problems may be addressed, apart from formulating proposals for fundamental reform. We conclude by identifying ways in which the problems can be mitigated, or even fully addressed in some cases, through more active intervention by their home country.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"205 - 227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42931396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2054119
Seval Bekiroğlu, Seda Attepe Özden, A. İÇAĞASIOĞLU ÇOBAN
ABSTRACT Imprisonment of men can many negative economic, social and psychological effects on prisoners, their spouses and children. It is important to evaluate these and understand the gender-related experiences of wives of prisoners. So, we conducted three focus group discussions (FGDs) with 14 women in Turkey. We used an inductive content analysis approach and identified four relevant themes as follows: (1) women’s roles (as spouse, mother and social beings), (2) poverty, (3) stigma and exclusion, and (4) coping mechanisms. We noted that our respondents faced economic problems, difficulties in raising children, social exclusion, and emotional difficulties. In Turkey, gender norms and insufficient policies and services for such women exacerbate such issues. It is therefore important to develop gender-sensitive services that would empower and support them.
{"title":"In the shadow of gender: Wives of prisoners in Turkey","authors":"Seval Bekiroğlu, Seda Attepe Özden, A. İÇAĞASIOĞLU ÇOBAN","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2022.2054119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2022.2054119","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Imprisonment of men can many negative economic, social and psychological effects on prisoners, their spouses and children. It is important to evaluate these and understand the gender-related experiences of wives of prisoners. So, we conducted three focus group discussions (FGDs) with 14 women in Turkey. We used an inductive content analysis approach and identified four relevant themes as follows: (1) women’s roles (as spouse, mother and social beings), (2) poverty, (3) stigma and exclusion, and (4) coping mechanisms. We noted that our respondents faced economic problems, difficulties in raising children, social exclusion, and emotional difficulties. In Turkey, gender norms and insufficient policies and services for such women exacerbate such issues. It is therefore important to develop gender-sensitive services that would empower and support them.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"249 - 265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43753290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2054078
Hyun Gyung Kim
ABSTRACT South Korea's 2016 and 2017 candlelight protests against the actions of President Park Geun-Hye were subjects of global news and portrayed as proof of democracy in action. During these protests, South Korean newspapers focused on the hairstyles of Park and acting Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court Lee Jung-mi. This study traces how the appearance of Park and her hairstyle were represented by the media between the 1970s and 2017. In doing so, these reveal that not only the conservative but progressive media, too, limited its discussion on Park's neoliberal developmental femininity while talking about her seemingly anachronistic femininity, thus foreclosing further debate on the patriarchal basis of her femininity during democratic transformation. The study outcomes, wherein gender was not regarded as the main issue during South Korea’s transition to substantial democracy, imply that the coverage of Park's impeachment did not necessarily symbolize democracy in action. This study further contributes to feminist media and Asian women's studies by critically assessing how the South Korean media's gendered representation of these women's bodies and hairstyles reflects a legacy of developmentalism, a new neoliberal gender regime, and persistent misogyny.
{"title":"Presidential hairstyles: The politics of women political leaders’ appearance in the Korean media","authors":"Hyun Gyung Kim","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2022.2054078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2022.2054078","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT South Korea's 2016 and 2017 candlelight protests against the actions of President Park Geun-Hye were subjects of global news and portrayed as proof of democracy in action. During these protests, South Korean newspapers focused on the hairstyles of Park and acting Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court Lee Jung-mi. This study traces how the appearance of Park and her hairstyle were represented by the media between the 1970s and 2017. In doing so, these reveal that not only the conservative but progressive media, too, limited its discussion on Park's neoliberal developmental femininity while talking about her seemingly anachronistic femininity, thus foreclosing further debate on the patriarchal basis of her femininity during democratic transformation. The study outcomes, wherein gender was not regarded as the main issue during South Korea’s transition to substantial democracy, imply that the coverage of Park's impeachment did not necessarily symbolize democracy in action. This study further contributes to feminist media and Asian women's studies by critically assessing how the South Korean media's gendered representation of these women's bodies and hairstyles reflects a legacy of developmentalism, a new neoliberal gender regime, and persistent misogyny.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"186 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42462156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2022.2052595
A. Kaur
ABSTRACT This paper is on transnational migration with a focus on Punjab in North India. This essentially being a male-dominated phenomenon, I examine the impact of migration on the empowerment of women in “left-behind” families. The three dimensions of empowerment highlighted here are resources, agency, and achievement. Data was collected via interviews and case studies of five left behind women and a survey of 48 Punjabi households where the men had migrated to the Middle East. The respondents were classified into three age groups: 20–35 years, 35–45 years and 45+. These offered comparison to understand problems related to remittances and women's empowerment. The research revealed how migration by men affected their left behind spouses. Some of them faced several hurdles and remained constrained by social and familial norms of patriarchy, while others found opportunities to resist such constraints.
{"title":"Migration a road to empowerment? Agency, resources, and the left behind women in Punjab, India","authors":"A. Kaur","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2022.2052595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2022.2052595","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper is on transnational migration with a focus on Punjab in North India. This essentially being a male-dominated phenomenon, I examine the impact of migration on the empowerment of women in “left-behind” families. The three dimensions of empowerment highlighted here are resources, agency, and achievement. Data was collected via interviews and case studies of five left behind women and a survey of 48 Punjabi households where the men had migrated to the Middle East. The respondents were classified into three age groups: 20–35 years, 35–45 years and 45+. These offered comparison to understand problems related to remittances and women's empowerment. The research revealed how migration by men affected their left behind spouses. Some of them faced several hurdles and remained constrained by social and familial norms of patriarchy, while others found opportunities to resist such constraints.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"167 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44124650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2021.2025324
Hyunsuk Lee
ABSTRACT In the film Herstory, directed by K. Min, themes about the “comfort women” issue, regarding apology, reparation and justice are newly interpreted from “our” perspective. As apology and reparations by Japan for comfort women became important, Herstory suggests we should reflect on ourselves, whether we are cognizant of the plight of others, and recalls the true meaning of reparations. Also, by emphasizing the survival of comfort women, the film insists that “our” doing of justice requires us to stay engaged with issues surrounding them and to be witnesses for a new way of writing, “herstory.”
{"title":"Themes of the “comfort women” and “we” in K. Min’s Herstory","authors":"Hyunsuk Lee","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2021.2025324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2021.2025324","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the film Herstory, directed by K. Min, themes about the “comfort women” issue, regarding apology, reparation and justice are newly interpreted from “our” perspective. As apology and reparations by Japan for comfort women became important, Herstory suggests we should reflect on ourselves, whether we are cognizant of the plight of others, and recalls the true meaning of reparations. Also, by emphasizing the survival of comfort women, the film insists that “our” doing of justice requires us to stay engaged with issues surrounding them and to be witnesses for a new way of writing, “herstory.”","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"131 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59830868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2021.2017581
Ali Jalalian Daghigh, J. Jan, Sheena Kaur
ABSTRACT In spite of the challenges imposed on practices of feminist cultural production in restrictive states, feminist activists have contributed to speaking about the needs of women through their writings and translations. While earlier studies have highlighted the role of translators in communicating external feminist ideas, factors that have contributed to their agency remain unexplored. The present study, framed by Bourdieu’s theory, is an attempt to address this gap by locating the social, cultural, and economic capital of Iranian feminist translators within the conservative publication context of Iran. In doing so, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 Iranian translators of feminist works. Our findings show that despite the regulatory measures imposed on cultural production, translators have managed to compete against the doxa of the publishing sphere and produce heterodoxa by publishing translations of secular feminist works.
{"title":"Exercising agency: A Bourdieusian account of Iranian feminist translators","authors":"Ali Jalalian Daghigh, J. Jan, Sheena Kaur","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2021.2017581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2021.2017581","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In spite of the challenges imposed on practices of feminist cultural production in restrictive states, feminist activists have contributed to speaking about the needs of women through their writings and translations. While earlier studies have highlighted the role of translators in communicating external feminist ideas, factors that have contributed to their agency remain unexplored. The present study, framed by Bourdieu’s theory, is an attempt to address this gap by locating the social, cultural, and economic capital of Iranian feminist translators within the conservative publication context of Iran. In doing so, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 Iranian translators of feminist works. Our findings show that despite the regulatory measures imposed on cultural production, translators have managed to compete against the doxa of the publishing sphere and produce heterodoxa by publishing translations of secular feminist works.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"44 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41983591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2021.2023283
C. Vasudev, R. Kaur
ABSTRACT Much of the literature on sex ratio imbalances in India has focused on the North–South divide or exclusively on the North-western states of India. In this paper, we draw on ethnographic research on the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir, where the child sex ratio (0–6 years) plummeted in the 2011 census. We study two villages in the Hindu dominated district of Jammu and two in largely Buddhist Leh (in Ladakh) to understand how the gender preference for children is shaped in this culturally heterogeneous state. Our findings reiterate the importance of context in understanding sex ratio patterns and gender preferences for children, especially in the wake of declining fertility, which in some regions has led to intensified discrimination against girl children. We examine features such as the organization of kinship and marriage structures that entail diverse forms of post-marital residence, old-age support, workforce participation, household division of labor and political participation in the four villages. By engaging in detailed comparison, we propose that when underlying reasons for the devaluation of women in general, and daughters in particular, are absent (as in case of the Leh villages), the availability of sex-selective technologies does not have an adverse effect on demographic outcomes.
{"title":"Gender regimes, reproductive strategies and child sex preferences: A comparative study of villages in Jammu and Leh","authors":"C. Vasudev, R. Kaur","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2021.2023283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2021.2023283","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Much of the literature on sex ratio imbalances in India has focused on the North–South divide or exclusively on the North-western states of India. In this paper, we draw on ethnographic research on the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir, where the child sex ratio (0–6 years) plummeted in the 2011 census. We study two villages in the Hindu dominated district of Jammu and two in largely Buddhist Leh (in Ladakh) to understand how the gender preference for children is shaped in this culturally heterogeneous state. Our findings reiterate the importance of context in understanding sex ratio patterns and gender preferences for children, especially in the wake of declining fertility, which in some regions has led to intensified discrimination against girl children. We examine features such as the organization of kinship and marriage structures that entail diverse forms of post-marital residence, old-age support, workforce participation, household division of labor and political participation in the four villages. By engaging in detailed comparison, we propose that when underlying reasons for the devaluation of women in general, and daughters in particular, are absent (as in case of the Leh villages), the availability of sex-selective technologies does not have an adverse effect on demographic outcomes.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"111 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43659641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/12259276.2021.2017575
J. Gupta, S. Bakker
ABSTRACT In this article, we look at the predicament of Indian commercial surrogates and how they cope with the knowledge that the child they are carrying must be relinquished by them soon after delivery. How can a surrogate distance herself emotionally from the baby she is carrying? And to what extent is she supported by other surrogates, her family members and the social environment? Much has been written about the economic and social vulnerability of Indian surrogates. We would like to focus in particular on their emotional vulnerability. Following Rogers et al. (2012a), we ask what are the sources of these women’s vulnerability? How do they handle it? Our observations are based on literature review, and empirical research, the latter conducted by the second author in a clinic in South India. To conclude we suggest that the regulation in the making on surrogacy needs to be context and individual sensitive in order to address this aspect of their vulnerability.
{"title":"Mothers for life? Exploring emotional vulnerability of Indian commercial surrogate mothers","authors":"J. Gupta, S. Bakker","doi":"10.1080/12259276.2021.2017575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2021.2017575","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, we look at the predicament of Indian commercial surrogates and how they cope with the knowledge that the child they are carrying must be relinquished by them soon after delivery. How can a surrogate distance herself emotionally from the baby she is carrying? And to what extent is she supported by other surrogates, her family members and the social environment? Much has been written about the economic and social vulnerability of Indian surrogates. We would like to focus in particular on their emotional vulnerability. Following Rogers et al. (2012a), we ask what are the sources of these women’s vulnerability? How do they handle it? Our observations are based on literature review, and empirical research, the latter conducted by the second author in a clinic in South India. To conclude we suggest that the regulation in the making on surrogacy needs to be context and individual sensitive in order to address this aspect of their vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":44322,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Womens Studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"65 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41629070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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