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Design and Implementation of a Linear Transconductance Amplifier with a Digitally Controlled Current Source 带数字控制电流源的线性跨导放大器的设计与实现
R. L. Nagaraj, D. Yagain
This paper presents a new configuration for balanced Operational Transconductance amplifies where digitally controlled current switch is designed to generate the different bias currents. To achieve better linearity, the source degeneration circuit for differential pair is used in the Balanced OTA [1]. The digitally controlled switch is nothing but MOSFETs with different width and lengths. This helps to have different bias currents just by turning on particular MOSFET in the switch module. Using the designed structure a variable resistor is designed [2]. Also as an application example, an electronically tunable phase shifter is implemented [3]. In this phase shifter using the designed OTA, by applying different bias currents generated through the digital switch we can obtain different phase shifts. The circuit performance of linear transconductance amplifier is measured in terms of the linearity, slew rate, CMRR, settling time, over shoot and undershoot. Here all the circuits are implemented Tanner EDA and simulated in 130nm using TSMC MOSIS Level-49 model in TSPICE simulator.
本文提出了一种平衡型跨导运算放大器的新结构,其中设计了数字控制电流开关来产生不同的偏置电流。为了获得更好的线性度,平衡式OTA采用差分对源退化电路[1]。数字控制开关只不过是不同宽度和长度的mosfet。这有助于通过打开开关模块中的特定MOSFET来产生不同的偏置电流。使用设计结构设计了一种可变电阻器[2]。同样作为一个应用实例,实现了一个电子可调谐移相器[3]。在采用所设计的OTA的移相器中,通过施加数字开关产生的不同偏置电流,可以获得不同的相移。用线性跨导放大器的线性度、摆幅率、CMRR、稳定时间、过冲和欠冲等指标来衡量电路性能。所有电路均采用Tanner EDA实现,并在TSPICE模拟器中使用TSMC MOSIS Level-49模型在130nm下进行仿真。
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引用次数: 3
System of Systems and Emergence Part 1: Principles and Framework 系统和涌现的系统第1部分:原则和框架
N. Karcanias, A. Hessami
The paper is in two parts and in Part (1) attempts to formalise the loose concept of "System of Systems" (SoS) within the context of Systems Theory whilst in Part (2) explores and develops a conceptual framework for emergence that is suitable for further development. We view the notion of SoS as an evolution of the standard notion of systems and provide an abstract and generic definition that is detached from the particular domain. To achieve this we deal first with the abstraction of the fundamental components of the system, describe the different aspects of the structure of a composite system and then embark on the task to explain the difference of the new notion, to the standard notion of Composite Systems. We present a new abstract definition of the notion of System of Systems as an evolution of the notion of Composite Systems, empowered by the concept of autonomy and participation in tasks referred to as plays which are usually linked to games. The notion of the play is introduced as an extension of the notion of the system and involves the notion of autonomous agents in place of objects and the notion of scenario in place of interconnection topology. This new definition characterises SoS as a development of the Composite System notion where now the subsystems act as autonomous intelligent agents in a multi-agent system play based on a scenario that possibly involves a game. The notion of emergence is considered within both the framework of Composite and SoS and it is linked to the problem of defining functions on a given system and evaluating their values. The emergence is thus presented as the defining signature of a system including System of Systems.
本文分为两部分,第(1)部分试图在系统论的背景下形式化“系统的系统”(SoS)的松散概念,而第(2)部分探索和发展了一个适合进一步发展的涌现概念框架。我们将系统系统的概念视为标准系统概念的演变,并提供了一个抽象和通用的定义,它与特定领域是分离的。为了实现这一点,我们首先处理系统基本组件的抽象,描述组合系统结构的不同方面,然后开始解释新概念与组合系统标准概念的区别。我们提出了系统的系统概念的一个新的抽象定义,作为复合系统概念的演变,由自主性和参与任务的概念授权,通常与游戏有关。戏剧的概念是作为系统概念的延伸而引入的,它包含了用自主代理代替对象的概念和用场景代替互连拓扑的概念。这个新定义将SoS描述为复合系统概念的发展,现在子系统在基于可能涉及游戏的场景的多智能体系统中扮演自主智能体的角色。涌现的概念是在组合和SoS的框架内考虑的,它与在给定系统上定义功能和评估其值的问题有关。因此,出现是一个系统的定义签名,包括系统的系统。
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引用次数: 20
Wearable Health Monitoring System and Its Applications 穿戴式健康监测系统及其应用
Tomoya Tanaka, K. Sonoda, S. Okochi, A. Chan, M. Nii, K. Kanda, T. Fujita, K. Higuchi, K. Maenaka
A wearable health monitoring system and its applications for long term monitoring are presented in this paper. The system, called a gbutton system, h is attached over the chest for monitoring electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), 3 axis acceleration, and temperature, as well as system battery voltage. The data is then sent to the host computer via a wireless transmitter. The button system is composed of three round substrates connected together. The substrate is 24 mm in diameter and 5-10 mm thick, making the system applicable for use in daily life. The several various types of sensors, micro controller, programmable gain amplifier (PGA) and Bluetooth wireless transmitter are embedded in system. The Micro Processing Unit (MPU) samples ECG and acceleration at 125 Hz to calculate HR for transmission. The battery voltage and temperature are sampled at 0.2 Hz due to the slow variability. The current consumption during wireless telecommunications is about 40 mA, so it is possible to use it continuously for about two hours with Li-ion button battery (75 mAh). In this study, we measured data while sleeping (for about 6 hours) with a large capacity battery (2000 mAh) instead of Li-ion battery. Heart rate variability (HRV) was then used as a quantitative marker of automatic nervous system activity, and the temporal variation of HRV was estimated.
介绍了一种可穿戴式健康监测系统及其在长期监测中的应用。该系统被称为“按钮系统”,安装在胸部上方,用于监测心电图(ECG)、心率(HR)、3轴加速度、温度以及系统电池电压。然后数据通过无线发射器发送到主机。按钮系统由三个连接在一起的圆形基板组成。基材直径为24毫米,厚度为5-10毫米,适用于日常生活。系统中嵌入了多种类型的传感器、微控制器、可编程增益放大器(PGA)和蓝牙无线发射器。微处理单元(MPU)在125 Hz下采样心电和加速度以计算传输HR。由于电池电压和温度的缓慢变化,采样频率为0.2 Hz。无线通信时的电流消耗约为40毫安,因此使用锂离子纽扣电池(75毫安时)可以连续使用约2小时。在这项研究中,我们使用大容量电池(2000毫安时)代替锂离子电池测量睡眠时(约6小时)的数据。然后将心率变异性(HRV)作为自动神经系统活动的定量标记,并估计HRV的时间变化。
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引用次数: 16
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesDelayed Latching for Data Synchronization in GALS SOC GALS SOC中数据同步的延迟锁存
V. Khetade, S.S. Limaye
Globally asynchronous, locally synchronous (GALS) systems-on-chip (SoCs) may be prone to synchronization failure. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the problem and proposes a novel solution. The problem is analyzed considering the cycle times of the GALS module, and the complexity of the asynchronous interface controllers using Petri Net graph (PN) approach. When high data bandwidth is not required, matched-delay asynchronous ports may be employed. A novel architecture for synchronizing inter-modular communications in GALS, based on delayed latching (DL), is described. DL synchronization does not require pausable clocking, is insensitive to clock tree delays, and supports high data rates. It replaces complex global timing constraints with simpler localized ones. Decoupled input port and Decoupled output port for Delayed Latching are presented. The risk of metastability in the synchronizer is analyzed in a technology-independent manner. Here we present the Petri net models of the Globally Asynchronous and Locally Synchronous (GALS) architectures for speed independent (SI). The models are feed into Petrify to produce logic equations for gate level implementation of asynchronous circuit. The circuit is simulated on VCS and synthesized on Design compiler of Synopsys EDA tool.
全局异步、局部同步(GALS)的片上系统(soc)可能容易出现同步故障。本文对这一问题进行了深入的分析,并提出了一种新的解决方案。利用Petri网图(PN)方法,考虑了GALS模块的循环次数和异步接口控制器的复杂性,对该问题进行了分析。当对数据带宽要求不高时,可以采用匹配延迟异步端口。提出了一种基于延迟锁存(DL)的GALS模块间通信同步新架构。DL同步不需要可暂停的时钟,对时钟树延迟不敏感,支持高数据速率。它用更简单的局部时间约束取代了复杂的全局时间约束。给出了用于延迟锁存的解耦输入端口和解耦输出端口。以技术独立的方式分析同步器中亚稳态的风险。在这里,我们提出了用于速度无关(SI)的全局异步和局部同步(GALS)架构的Petri网模型。将模型输入Petrify,生成异步电路门级实现的逻辑方程。电路在VCS上进行了仿真,在Synopsys EDA工具的设计编译器上进行了合成。
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引用次数: 0
An Open USSD Enabler to Simplify Access to Mobile Services in Emerging Countries 开放的USSD使能器简化新兴国家的移动服务访问
Geerish Suddul, Avinash Soobul, Umar Bahadoor, A. Ramdoyal, Naveesh Doolhur, Morgan Richomme
This paper deals with the study of the role of Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) as a means to create low cost value added services for emerging countries. Most mobile telecommunication providers worldwide are tied up to third party USSD solution providers. The latter keep their infrastructure closed, which means that the development of services to be offered over USSD comes at a cost. We target this close infrastructure solution, and provide an open source web enabler in the form of an Application Programming interface (API), that can be used to deliver low cost services to mobile end users in emerging countries. The implementation of our solution, in the form of a prototype, has been successfully tested on the Orange (France Telecom) network.
本文研究了非结构化补充服务数据(USSD)作为新兴国家创造低成本增值服务的一种手段的作用。全球大多数移动通信提供商都与第三方USSD解决方案提供商捆绑在一起。后者保持其基础设施关闭,这意味着通过USSD提供服务的开发是有成本的。我们的目标是这种封闭的基础设施解决方案,并以应用程序编程接口(API)的形式提供一个开源的网络使能器,可用于向新兴国家的移动终端用户提供低成本的服务。我们的解决方案以原型的形式实现,已经在Orange(法国电信)网络上成功地进行了测试。
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引用次数: 11
Design of Eight Bit Novel Reversible Arithmetic and Logic Unit 新型八位可逆算术逻辑单元的设计
A. Keskar, V. Satpute
Digital circuits made up of classical gates dissipate significant amount of energy as bits are erased during logic operations. Use of reversible logic gates to implement such circuits can significantly reduce the power consumed. This paper covers various aspects about reversible computing and reversible logic gates. Furthermore in this paper we have tried to design a reversible implementation of eight bit arithmetic and logic unit, optimal in terms of number of gates used and number of garbage outputs produced.
由经典门组成的数字电路在逻辑运算过程中由于比特被擦除而耗散了大量的能量。使用可逆逻辑门来实现这种电路可以显著降低功耗。本文涵盖了可逆计算和可逆逻辑门的各个方面。此外,在本文中,我们试图设计一个可逆的8位算术和逻辑单元的实现,在使用的门数量和产生的垃圾输出数量方面是最优的。
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引用次数: 12
Development of an Expert System for Designing of Automobile Dampers 汽车减震器设计专家系统的开发
G. Samuel, A. Bhagat
In the present work an expert system has been developed for designing of dampers. This expert system takes inputs from user and it will calculate all dimensions, area of free mass, maximum heat dissipation, and the ratio of maximum heat dissipation to area of free mass. Then expert system will select most suitable damper and generates a script file and an Auto LISP file. By running the script file a 2D drawing and sectional view of the damper can be generated. The Auto LISP file can be run using AutoCAD to generate a 3D model for the damper. These drawings and the model can be used directly on the shop floor for manufacture of the dampers. This expert system reduces the design time of engineer and works as an assistant in designing of dampers. By saving time for initial designing of damper, the productivity of engineers can be increased. The present expert system can be used online for interaction between the customers and designers.
本文开发了一个用于阻尼器设计的专家系统。该专家系统接受用户输入,并计算所有尺寸,自由质量面积,最大散热和最大散热与自由质量面积的比值。专家系统将选择最合适的阻尼器,生成脚本文件和Auto LISP文件。通过运行脚本文件,可以生成阻尼器的二维图纸和剖面图。Auto LISP文件可以在AutoCAD中运行,生成阻尼器的三维模型。这些图纸和模型可以直接用于生产阻尼器的车间。该专家系统减少了工程师的设计时间,对阻尼器的设计起到辅助作用。通过节省阻尼器的初始设计时间,可以提高工程师的工作效率。该专家系统可在线用于用户和设计者之间的交互。
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引用次数: 1
Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration in FPGAs for DSP Applications 用于DSP应用的fpga动态部分重构
C. V. Borkute, A. Deshmukh, Chetna N. Kharkar
DSP Application needs to speed-up in computation time can be achieved by assigning complex computation intensive tasks to hardware and by exploiting the parallelism in algorithms.These applications need high performance as well as cost efficient design. Reconfigurable systems offer us a potential for computation acceleration due to its software-like programmable nature of the parallel processing units. Run-time configuration explores a novel research area for reconfigurable hardware to further speedup the processing speed by eliminating the configuration overhead with the overlapping of execution time. Dynamic partial reconfigurable FPGAs offer new design space with a variety of benefits: reduce the configuration time and save memory as the partial reconfiguration files (bitstreams) are smaller than full ones. This paper introduces a simple reconfigurable system and focuses on the newest dynamic partial reconfiguration design flow.
通过将复杂的计算密集型任务分配给硬件和利用算法的并行性,可以实现DSP应用对计算时间的加速需求。这些应用需要高性能和低成本的设计。由于并行处理单元具有类似软件的可编程特性,可重构系统为我们提供了计算加速的潜力。运行时配置为可重构硬件探索了一个新的研究领域,通过消除执行时间重叠带来的配置开销来进一步提高处理速度。动态部分可重构fpga提供了新的设计空间和各种好处:减少配置时间和节省内存,因为部分可重构文件(位流)比完整的小。本文介绍了一个简单的可重构系统,重点介绍了最新的动态部分可重构设计流程。
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引用次数: 2
Performance Evaluation of IPFC by Using Fuzzy Logic Based Controller for Damping of Power System Oscilllations 基于模糊逻辑控制器的IPFC减振性能评价
Supriya M. Belwanshi, V. Chandrakar, S. Dhurvey
In this paper, Fuzzy logic based supplementary controller is installed with Interline Power Flow Controller [IPFC] to damp low frequency oscillations. IPFC is a new concept of the Flexible AC Transmission system controller for series compensation with the unique capability of power flow of multiple transmission lines. For the analysis Modified linearized Philips -- Heffron model of Single Machine Infinite Bus system is established with a IPFC. The simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control schemes like Power Oscillation Damping [POD] controller, Power System Stabilizer [PSS] controller and Fuzzy logic controller by selecting effective control signals. Investigations reveal that coordinated tuning of IPFC with Fuzzy logic controller provide the robust dynamic performance. Eigen value analysis validates the performance of various controllers.
本文将基于模糊逻辑的辅助控制器与线间功率流控制器(IPFC)相结合,以抑制低频振荡。IPFC是一种新型的柔性交流输电系统串联补偿控制器,具有独特的多路输电潮流控制能力。为此,利用IPFC建立了单机无限总线系统的修正线性化Philips—Heffron模型。仿真结果表明,通过选择有效的控制信号,所提出的功率振荡阻尼(POD)控制器、电力系统稳定器(PSS)控制器和模糊逻辑控制器的有效性和鲁棒性。研究表明,IPFC与模糊控制器的协调整定可提供鲁棒的动态性能。特征值分析验证了各种控制器的性能。
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引用次数: 11
LetSurf -- Implementing Collaborative Surfing LetSurf——实现协同冲浪
Dr Mangesh Bedekar, B. A. Rao, P. Gupta, Suvrajyoti Chatterjee
Collaborative caching and browsing allow a group of users to utilize internet bandwidth in an optimal manner by minimizing outgoing requests and allowing cooperation during web research activities. Let Surf allows a group of clients to retrieve cached materials from within the group while collaborating through a user interface to access items indicative of group behavior, such as the most recent links visited by peer users and the most popular links visited. An implementation of the system is presented and evaluated in terms of latency in loading a sample set of web elements.
协作缓存和浏览允许一组用户通过最小化传出请求和允许在网络研究活动期间进行合作,以最佳方式利用互联网带宽。Let Surf允许一组客户端从组内检索缓存的材料,同时通过用户界面协作访问指示组行为的项目,例如同行用户访问的最近链接和访问的最受欢迎的链接。给出了该系统的一个实现,并根据加载web元素样本集的延迟进行了评估。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2011 Fourth International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology
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