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Imagining permanence on the web: Tracing the meanings of long-term preservation among the subjects of web archives 想象网络上的永久:追踪网络档案主题中长期保存的意义
Pub Date : 2023-07-22 DOI: 10.1177/14614448231187031
Kieran Hegarty
This article explores how web archiving impacts the online communication practices of individuals whose personal websites have been archived by major public libraries. Drawing on interviews with website creators and analysis of their written reflections on the archiving process, it demonstrates how web archiving alters the meanings people attach to their online activity. In most cases, the preservation of their website in a national web archive sees individuals perceive their communication practices as having wider cultural and historical significance. These meanings are shaped by the distinctive interaction between archiving and archived actors and propelled by imaginaries surrounding the culture and history of the collecting institution. Based on these findings, this article argues that web archiving can be productively understood as an intervention in the dynamics of online sociality and calls for reflexive archival and research practices that attend to the short- and long-term impacts of altering the visibility of online material.
这篇文章探讨了网络存档如何影响那些个人网站被主要公共图书馆存档的个人的在线交流实践。通过对网站创建者的采访和对他们对存档过程的书面反思的分析,本书展示了网络存档如何改变了人们对其在线活动的理解。在大多数情况下,将他们的网站保存在国家网络档案中,可以看到个人认为他们的交流实践具有更广泛的文化和历史意义。这些意义是由档案和被存档者之间独特的互动所塑造的,并由围绕着收藏机构的文化和历史的想象所推动。基于这些发现,本文认为网络存档可以有效地理解为对在线社交动态的干预,并呼吁对改变在线材料可见性的短期和长期影响进行反思性存档和研究实践。
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引用次数: 0
Communication between grandparents and young grandchildren over distance: Establishing contact with constitutive nonhumans 祖父母和年幼的孙辈之间的远距离交流:与非人类建立联系
Pub Date : 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1177/14614448231183703
M. Nouwen, Janne Mascha Beuthel, Verena Fuchsberger, B. Zaman
Physical items are often taken for granted in mediated communication between grandparents (GP) and young grandchildren (GC). This article puts “constitutive nonhumans” at the center of inquiry to understand the potential of physical items and communication technologies to communicate over distance. The notion of phaticity operationalizes the role of constitutive nonhumans to establish and maintain contact over distance, which might have pleasurable or unpleasurable outcomes. A relational view on agency supports the entanglement of humans and nonhumans when they cooperate to communicate over distance. The article reports on a two-phase qualitative study that was conducted in two European countries with 10 GP (aged 60–75 years) and 10 GC (aged 6–11 years). The results identify how the entanglement between constitutive nonhumans conflates emotional connection and contact. Furthermore, the results suggest that the condition of familiarity can direct contact to pleasant or unpleasant outcomes that might differ across mediated and co-located communication.
在祖父母(GP)和年幼的孙子(GC)之间的中介交流中,物理项目通常被认为是理所当然的。本文将“构成的非人类”置于探究的中心,以理解物理物品和通信技术在远距离通信方面的潜力。“亲密”的概念使非人类在远距离上建立和维持联系的角色得以运作,这种联系可能会产生愉快或不愉快的结果。代理的关系观点支持人类和非人类在远距离合作交流时的纠缠。本文报道了在两个欧洲国家进行的两阶段定性研究,其中10名GP(60-75岁)和10名GC(6-11岁)。研究结果确定了非人类之间的纠缠是如何将情感联系和接触混为一谈的。此外,研究结果表明,熟悉的条件可以直接接触到愉快或不愉快的结果,这可能会在中介和同地沟通中有所不同。
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引用次数: 0
Discourse integration in positional online news reader comments: Patterns of responsiveness across types of democracy, digital platforms, and perspective camps 定位在线新闻读者评论中的话语整合:跨民主类型、数字平台和观点阵营的响应模式
Pub Date : 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1177/14614448231183704
Julia Jakob, Chung-hong Chan, Timo Dobbrick, Hartmut Wessler
Online discourse integration, or the degree to which online user comments are responsive, that is, address or refer to other debate participants, is a normatively valued yet neglected quality dimension of online discussions. This preregistered study features the first cross-country/cross-platform investigation of online discourse integration, using manual and computational content analysis ( N = 9835 and N = 30,753 positional news reader comments). Unexpectedly, about one quarter of the comments was responsive in both majoritarian and consensus-oriented democracies (Australia/United States vs Germany/Switzerland) and on platforms that separate or mix public and private contexts (websites vs Facebook pages of mainstream media), even though other deliberative quality criteria were previously shown to vary by country and platform. Comments that are responsive to fellow commenters in the opposing perspective camp were more likely to contain negative evaluations of those addressed, whereas comments responsive within the same perspective camp were more likely to contain positive evaluations.
在线话语整合,或在线用户评论的响应程度,即针对或参考其他辩论参与者,是在线讨论中被规范重视但被忽视的质量维度。这项预注册研究的特点是首次对在线话语整合进行跨国/跨平台调查,使用人工和计算内容分析(N = 9835和N = 30,753位新闻读者评论)。出乎意料的是,在多数民主国家和以共识为导向的民主国家(澳大利亚/美国vs德国/瑞士)以及将公共和私人环境分开或混合的平台(网站vs主流媒体的Facebook页面)中,约有四分之一的评论是回应的,尽管其他审议质量标准先前显示因国家和平台而异。回应反对观点阵营的评论更有可能包含负面评价,而回应相同观点阵营的评论更有可能包含积极评价。
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引用次数: 0
‘Neither work nor leisure’: Motivations of microworkers in the United Kingdom on three digital platforms “既不工作也不休闲”:英国三个数字平台上微工的动机
Pub Date : 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1177/14614448231183942
J. Muldoon, Paul Apostolidis
This article examines the experience of microworkers living in the United Kingdom. Based on a survey of 1189 microworkers and 17 in-depth interviews, the article explores the experiences of UK-based microworkers on three digital platforms: Prolific, Clickworker and Amazon Mechanical Turk. The article draws on the theoretical framework of self-determination theory to analyse workers’ motivations for performing microwork. It reveals that workers’ relatively high satisfaction with otherwise low-paying and low-status work was possible because workers conceptualised their activity as occupying an ambiguous space and time in their lives, blurring traditional distinctions between work and leisure. These findings contribute to our understanding of how microworkers experience their relationship to work in the United Kingdom.
本文考察了生活在英国的微工的经验。基于对1189名微工作者的调查和17次深度访谈,本文探讨了英国微工作者在三个数字平台(多产、Clickworker和Amazon Mechanical Turk)上的经历。本文利用自我决定理论的理论框架来分析员工进行微工作的动机。它揭示了工人对低工资和低地位的工作相对较高的满意度是可能的,因为工人将他们的活动概念化为占据他们生活中模糊的空间和时间,模糊了工作和休闲之间的传统区别。这些发现有助于我们理解英国的微工如何体验他们与工作的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Behold the metaverse: Facebook’s Meta imaginary and the circulation of elite discourse 看看虚拟世界:Facebook的虚拟世界和精英话语的流通
Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1177/14614448231184249
Brent Lucia, Matthew A. Vetter, Isaac Kwabena Adubofour
Despite pushback from regulatory and non-governmental entities, Meta’s control over the public narrative remains consistent. Using a method of corpus analysis, this study investigated the company’s sociotechnical imaginary as it circulates in media artifacts (428) responding to Zuckerberg’s 2021 Metaverse announcement. Analysis of how these artifacts respond to issues related to identity, security, and connectivity revealed that the majority amplify Meta’s corporate messaging, empowering its elite discourse and solidifying its socio-technological power. As it relates to user privacy, however, this study uncovered a limited number of artifacts in which journalists challenged rather than repeated Meta’s rhetoric. As an implication of this finding, future tech journalism should consider privacy as a starting point for critiques that also interrogate the underlying logic of surveillance capitalism and user exploitation. Ultimately, this article addresses the rhetorical functions deployed in the circulation of elite discourse while acknowledging the dynamism of sociotechnical imaginaries.
尽管受到监管机构和非政府实体的抵制,Meta对公众叙事的控制仍然是一致的。使用语料库分析的方法,本研究调查了该公司的社会技术想象,因为它在媒体工件(428)中流传,以响应扎克伯格2021年的Metaverse公告。通过分析这些人工制品如何回应与身份、安全和连接相关的问题,我们发现,大多数人工制品放大了Meta的企业信息,增强了其精英话语的能力,巩固了其社会技术力量。然而,由于涉及到用户隐私,这项研究发现了有限数量的人为因素,记者们质疑而不是重复Meta的言论。作为这一发现的暗示,未来的科技新闻应该把隐私作为批评的起点,同时也要质疑监控资本主义和用户剥削的潜在逻辑。最后,本文在承认社会技术想象的动态性的同时,阐述了精英话语循环中部署的修辞功能。
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引用次数: 0
A new solution to political divisiveness: Priming a sense of common humanity through Facebook meme-like posts 解决政治分歧的新方法:通过Facebook上的表情包帖子来激发一种共同的人性
Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.1177/14614448231184633
Gina M. Masullo
This two-study package examines sense of common humanity—a subcomponent of the psychological construct of self-compassion—in relation to political divisiveness. Study 1 ( n = 1010) employs a survey with a probability sample representative of the US population to show that sense of common humanity—recognizing that feeling bad about oneself is a common human experience—is associated with feeling competent to form relationships with those one disagrees with politically. This finding paved the way for Study 2, an experiment ( n = 955) that showed sense of common humanity can be primed using meme-like posts on Facebook, and, as a result, lead people to have more positive attitudes toward their political outgroup. From a theoretical perspective, this study demonstrates the relevance of using self-compassion as a framework for addressing political divisiveness, and that a sense of common humanity can be primed in the computer-mediated space of Facebook.
这两项研究考察了共同人性感——自我同情心理结构的一个组成部分——与政治分歧的关系。研究1 (n = 1010)采用了一项具有美国人口代表性的概率样本调查,表明共同人性意识——认识到自我感觉不好是一种常见的人类经历——与感觉有能力与那些在政治上不同意的人建立关系有关。这一发现为研究2铺平了道路,一项实验(n = 955)表明,共同人性可以通过Facebook上的表情包帖子来启动,因此,导致人们对他们的政治外群体有更积极的态度。从理论的角度来看,本研究证明了将自我同情作为解决政治分歧的框架的相关性,以及共同人性的感觉可以在Facebook的计算机媒介空间中启动。
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引用次数: 0
Does aggressive commentary by streamers during violent video game affect state aggression in adolescents? 在暴力视频游戏中,主播的攻击性评论是否会影响青少年的状态攻击性?
Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.1177/14614448231182620
D. Lacko, Eliška Dufková, H. Machácková
In the past 10 years, live-streaming services have gained huge popularity. Streamers usually play video games and complement their performance with commentary. We examine the role of this streamer commentary on state aggression in Czech adolescents who were randomly assigned into one of the three experimental groups (i.e. aggressive commentary, non-aggressive commentary, no commentary). The findings suggest that a short-term streamer’s commentary has no effect on affective and cognitive state aggression. In addition, the experimental conditions did not moderate any effects of personal traits (i.e. aggression, empathy) and long-term environmental factors (i.e. exposure to violence, watching violent streams, playing violent video games) on state aggression. We found that trait aggression, trait affective empathy and long-term exposure to violence were positively associated with state aggression, whereas trait sympathy was negatively associated with state aggression. The findings enrich the research with evidence for the lack of influence of streamer commentary on viewer aggression.
在过去的10年里,直播服务获得了巨大的普及。主播通常会玩电子游戏,并在表演的同时解说解说。我们在捷克青少年中研究了这种流播评论对国家侵略的作用,这些青少年被随机分配到三个实验组之一(即攻击性评论,非攻击性评论,无评论)。研究结果表明,短期主播的评论对情感和认知状态攻击没有影响。此外,实验条件没有调节个人特征(如攻击性、同理心)和长期环境因素(如接触暴力、观看暴力流媒体、玩暴力视频游戏)对国家侵略的影响。研究发现,攻击特质、情感共情特质和长期暴力暴露与状态攻击呈正相关,而同情特质与状态攻击呈负相关。这些发现为主播评论对观众攻击性缺乏影响的研究提供了丰富的证据。
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引用次数: 0
The tension between connective action and platformisation: Disconnected action in the GameStop short squeeze 连接行动和平台化之间的紧张关系:GameStop短挤压中的断开行动
Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/14614448231182617
Michael Vaughan, Johannes B. Gruber, A. I. Langer
Although the Reddit-led short squeeze of GameStop shares in 2021 drew comparisons with Occupy Wall Street, this article focuses on one key area of difference: where Occupy exemplified the theoretical model of connective action through its discursive and technological openness, mobilisation around the short squeeze followed a different pattern characterised by discursive and technological disconnections, which we argue partly reflects the intervening decade of platformisation. Our case shows how platforms can establish boundaries as well as brokerage points in contentious politics, with particular regard to repertoires of action, collective identities and discourses. We show how in our case, these boundaries impeded discursive and technological connections, instead organising users into relatively disconnected zones and ultimately reducing their power and impact over broader discursive systems. Our argument is explored using three data sets from Reddit, Twitter and legacy news media outlets, using a combination of non-negative matrix factorisation (NMF) topic modelling and manual content analysis.
尽管2021年由reddit主导的对GameStop股票的卖空挤压与占领华尔街进行了比较,但本文关注的是一个关键的差异领域:占领运动通过其话语和技术开放性例证了连接行动的理论模型,围绕卖空挤压的动员遵循了一种以话语和技术脱节为特征的不同模式,我们认为这在一定程度上反映了其间十年的平台化。我们的案例展示了平台如何在有争议的政治中建立边界和中介点,特别是在行动、集体身份和话语方面。在我们的案例中,我们展示了这些边界如何阻碍了话语和技术的联系,而不是将用户组织到相对不相连的区域,并最终降低了他们对更广泛的话语系统的权力和影响。我们使用来自Reddit、Twitter和传统新闻媒体的三个数据集,结合非负矩阵分解(NMF)主题建模和手动内容分析来探索我们的论点。
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引用次数: 0
Decolonizing the pocket monster: Smartphones, Pokémon Go and generational conflict in Malaysian Borneo 去殖民化口袋怪物:智能手机,poksammon Go和马来西亚婆罗洲的代际冲突
Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/14614448231181620
Asmus Rungby, P. Bala
This article analyzes the generational politics of smartphones in the Malaysian state of Sarawak in the context of Bornean history and contemporary Sarawakian political economy. We respond to a global north bias in the standing literature on smartphone media and suggest approaches to improve representation of global south perspectives. Concretely, we propose three programmatic maxims as a methodological guide to incorporate perspectives and concerns from the global south more fully. Drawing on long-term ethnographic research in Sarawak, we demonstrate the value of these suggestions by framing smartphones in the perspective of Bornean history as tools for maintaining instrumental social networks more than exchanging information across spatial disjunction. These tools are used differently by young urbanites and older rural populations. This leads us to show how Pokémon Go refracts generational conflicts by becoming the cultural touchstone of the changing political economic conditions of Malaysian urbanization.
本文在婆罗洲历史和当代砂拉越政治经济的背景下,分析了马来西亚砂拉越州智能手机的代际政治。我们回应了智能手机媒体上现有文献中的全球北方偏见,并提出了改善全球南方观点代表性的方法。具体而言,我们提出三项纲领性原则,作为方法论指南,以更充分地纳入全球南方的观点和关切。根据在沙捞越进行的长期人种学研究,我们从婆罗洲历史的角度出发,将智能手机作为维持工具性社会网络的工具,而不是跨空间分离交换信息,从而证明了这些建议的价值。这些工具在年轻的城市居民和年长的农村人口中使用的方式不同。这导致我们展示poksammon Go如何通过成为马来西亚城市化不断变化的政治经济条件的文化试金石来折射代际冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Not all skepticism is “healthy” skepticism: Theorizing accuracy- and identity-motivated skepticism toward social media misinformation 并不是所有的怀疑都是“健康的”怀疑:对社交媒体错误信息的准确性和身份动机的怀疑是理论化的
Pub Date : 2023-06-26 DOI: 10.1177/14614448231179941
Jianing Li
Fostering skepticism has been seen as key to addressing misinformation on social media. This article reveals that not all skepticism is “healthy” skepticism by theorizing, measuring, and testing the effects of two types of skepticism toward social media misinformation: accuracy- and identity-motivated skepticism. A two-wave panel survey experiment shows that when people’s skepticism toward social media misinformation is driven by accuracy motivations, they are less likely to believe in congruent misinformation later encountered. They also consume more mainstream media, which in turn reinforces accuracy-motivated skepticism. In contrast, when skepticism toward social media misinformation is driven by identity motivations, people not only fall for congruent misinformation later encountered, but also disregard platform interventions that flag a post as false. Moreover, they are more likely to see social media misinformation as favoring opponents and intentionally avoid news on social media, both of which form a vicious cycle of fueling more identity-motivated skepticism.
培养怀疑被视为解决社交媒体上错误信息的关键。本文通过理论化、测量和测试两种怀疑论对社交媒体错误信息的影响,揭示了并非所有的怀疑主义都是“健康的”怀疑主义:准确性和身份动机的怀疑主义。一项两波面板调查实验表明,当人们对社交媒体错误信息的怀疑是由准确性动机驱动时,他们不太可能相信后来遇到的一致错误信息。他们还消费了更多的主流媒体,这反过来又强化了以准确性为动机的怀疑。相比之下,当对社交媒体虚假信息的怀疑是由身份动机驱动的时候,人们不仅会相信后来遇到的一致的虚假信息,而且还会忽视将帖子标记为虚假的平台干预。此外,他们更有可能将社交媒体上的错误信息视为有利于对手的信息,并有意避开社交媒体上的新闻,这两者形成了一个恶性循环,助长了更多以身份为动机的怀疑。
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引用次数: 0
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New Media & Society
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