{"title":"The Real Age of Newspapers: Hitch, the Vanity Fair Years","authors":"Stephen Smith","doi":"10.1111/criq.12774","DOIUrl":"10.1111/criq.12774","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44341,"journal":{"name":"CRITICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"66 1","pages":"90-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139979372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p><b>Inclusive</b> is an important term in modern times, central in governmental and institutional discourse on a range of issues, in educational settings, and in discussions about language policy. In its earlier meanings, some of which continue in use, <b>inclusive</b> marks the boundaries of what is and is not in a set, but it has also become a keyword in relation to social equality agendas, indicating a removal of real and perceived boundaries. Being <b>inclusive</b> in the latter sense can have specific entailments and require an individual or group to address the physical obstacles that might prevent particular groups of people from participating in particular activities; in other contexts, though, <b>inclusive</b> is much vaguer, a generally positive description that aligns the speaker with a set of values that are not always clearly defined.</p><p><b>Inclusive</b> is borrowed into English from Latin and is attested in writing from the early fifteenth century (<i>OED</i><sup>1</sup>); the related verb <i>include</i> has a dual etymology from French and Latin and is borrowed around the same time, and the antonym <i>exclusive</i> is first attested slightly later. <b>inclusive</b> appears to be used first as an adverb which postmodifies phrases referring to periods of time or to locations, for example, in expressions like ‘January to June inclusive’; this kind of use is still common, although less likely to refer to anything other than time. From the mid-sixteenth century it is also used as an adjective, both in the general meaning ‘that is included’, which is relatively short-lived, but more often in the sense ‘that includes’, which survives into the present day. The related noun <b>inclusion</b> is attested from around the same time as the adverb; both <b>inclusiveness</b> and <b>inclusivity</b> are derived from <b>inclusive</b> within English, in the eighteenth and twentieth centuries respectively.</p><p>Changes in the meanings of <b>inclusive</b> over its history relate to what it can modify, that is, what can be described as <b>inclusive</b>, and its object, that is, what can be <i>included</i>. Some senses involve concrete objects, for example, the obsolete <i>OED</i> sense 3 ‘That encloses or surrounds something’, which applies specifically to entities such as walls and fires which can create a physical boundary. Shakespeare's <i>Richard III</i> plays with this sense in referring to a crown as ‘The inclusiue verge, Of golden mettall that must round my browe’ (1597 W. Shakespeare <i>Richard III</i> iv. i. 58, quoted in <i>OED</i>). Less restricted are uses which refer to a range of concrete and (more often) abstract entities: Arnold Bennett's 1909 book. <i>Literary taste: how to form it</i> uses <b>inclusive</b> of a particular type of collection, meaning ‘including all of many elements of something’, in his statement that ‘Every Englishman..ought to own a comprehensive and inclusive library of English literature’ (1909 A. Bennett <i>Li
{"title":"Inclusive","authors":"Kathryn Allan","doi":"10.1111/criq.12772","DOIUrl":"10.1111/criq.12772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Inclusive</b> is an important term in modern times, central in governmental and institutional discourse on a range of issues, in educational settings, and in discussions about language policy. In its earlier meanings, some of which continue in use, <b>inclusive</b> marks the boundaries of what is and is not in a set, but it has also become a keyword in relation to social equality agendas, indicating a removal of real and perceived boundaries. Being <b>inclusive</b> in the latter sense can have specific entailments and require an individual or group to address the physical obstacles that might prevent particular groups of people from participating in particular activities; in other contexts, though, <b>inclusive</b> is much vaguer, a generally positive description that aligns the speaker with a set of values that are not always clearly defined.</p><p><b>Inclusive</b> is borrowed into English from Latin and is attested in writing from the early fifteenth century (<i>OED</i><sup>1</sup>); the related verb <i>include</i> has a dual etymology from French and Latin and is borrowed around the same time, and the antonym <i>exclusive</i> is first attested slightly later. <b>inclusive</b> appears to be used first as an adverb which postmodifies phrases referring to periods of time or to locations, for example, in expressions like ‘January to June inclusive’; this kind of use is still common, although less likely to refer to anything other than time. From the mid-sixteenth century it is also used as an adjective, both in the general meaning ‘that is included’, which is relatively short-lived, but more often in the sense ‘that includes’, which survives into the present day. The related noun <b>inclusion</b> is attested from around the same time as the adverb; both <b>inclusiveness</b> and <b>inclusivity</b> are derived from <b>inclusive</b> within English, in the eighteenth and twentieth centuries respectively.</p><p>Changes in the meanings of <b>inclusive</b> over its history relate to what it can modify, that is, what can be described as <b>inclusive</b>, and its object, that is, what can be <i>included</i>. Some senses involve concrete objects, for example, the obsolete <i>OED</i> sense 3 ‘That encloses or surrounds something’, which applies specifically to entities such as walls and fires which can create a physical boundary. Shakespeare's <i>Richard III</i> plays with this sense in referring to a crown as ‘The inclusiue verge, Of golden mettall that must round my browe’ (1597 W. Shakespeare <i>Richard III</i> iv. i. 58, quoted in <i>OED</i>). Less restricted are uses which refer to a range of concrete and (more often) abstract entities: Arnold Bennett's 1909 book. <i>Literary taste: how to form it</i> uses <b>inclusive</b> of a particular type of collection, meaning ‘including all of many elements of something’, in his statement that ‘Every Englishman..ought to own a comprehensive and inclusive library of English literature’ (1909 A. Bennett <i>Li","PeriodicalId":44341,"journal":{"name":"CRITICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"66 3","pages":"95-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/criq.12772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139951178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Too Straight’ for Fiction: Christopher Hitchens and No One Left to Lie To","authors":"Ash Caton","doi":"10.1111/criq.12770","DOIUrl":"10.1111/criq.12770","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44341,"journal":{"name":"CRITICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"66 1","pages":"96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139951226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Living in a World of Pain","authors":"Jake Williams","doi":"10.1111/criq.12771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/criq.12771","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44341,"journal":{"name":"CRITICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"66 1","pages":"108-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Waiting for the Rainbow: Poems","authors":"Terence Davies","doi":"10.1111/criq.12765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/criq.12765","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44341,"journal":{"name":"CRITICAL QUARTERLY","volume":"66 1","pages":"18-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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