Pub Date : 2022-03-21DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2022.2051326
A. Kerschen, S. Aydin, E. Marbaix, V. Gérin, Vincent Haufroid, M. Daudon, J. Vanhaebost
Abstract A 26-year-old heavily disabled woman was admitted through the emergency department after presenting signs of respiratory distress. A pear-shaped object present in the vagina was discovered unexpectedly on a full-body CT-scan. Sexual assault was suspected and the case was subsequently reported to the authorities. The office of the forensic medical examiner was notified to further investigate the case. The vaginal object of unknown origin was sent to the pathology department, where it was identified as being a primary vaginal stone and the hypothesis of a sexual assault could be excluded. The aim of this case report is to raise awareness amongst clinicians and forensic medical examiners about the existence of vaginal stones, especially in female patients suffering from disabilities, incontinence and recurrent infections of the pelvic area. The presence of a foreign body can be suspicious of sexual assault in certain settings, but physicians as well as medical examiners need to be careful while interpreting lesions in order to protect patients from unnecessary investigations that can be traumatic such as sexual assault kits.
{"title":"Misdiagnosis of a primary vaginal stone leading to a suspicion of sexual assault in a heavily disabled woman","authors":"A. Kerschen, S. Aydin, E. Marbaix, V. Gérin, Vincent Haufroid, M. Daudon, J. Vanhaebost","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2051326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2051326","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A 26-year-old heavily disabled woman was admitted through the emergency department after presenting signs of respiratory distress. A pear-shaped object present in the vagina was discovered unexpectedly on a full-body CT-scan. Sexual assault was suspected and the case was subsequently reported to the authorities. The office of the forensic medical examiner was notified to further investigate the case. The vaginal object of unknown origin was sent to the pathology department, where it was identified as being a primary vaginal stone and the hypothesis of a sexual assault could be excluded. The aim of this case report is to raise awareness amongst clinicians and forensic medical examiners about the existence of vaginal stones, especially in female patients suffering from disabilities, incontinence and recurrent infections of the pelvic area. The presence of a foreign body can be suspicious of sexual assault in certain settings, but physicians as well as medical examiners need to be careful while interpreting lesions in order to protect patients from unnecessary investigations that can be traumatic such as sexual assault kits.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"206 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47544102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-02DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2022.2043521
W. Bandara, W. Karunaratne, R. Fuward, A. Dangolla, A. Yasakeerthi
Abstract Forensic entomology is a key means of solving crimes related to both humans and animals by estimating the minimum postmortem interval (mPMI) or minimum time of colonization (mTOC). In Sri Lanka, this is the first attempt to estimate mTOC of the myiasis-causing fly Chrysomya bezziana (Villeneuve) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in animal wounds using accumulated degree days (ADD). This study focuses on three dog myiasis cases reported to two veterinary clinics in Peradeniya, 2015. The mTOC is calculated for all three dog cases at temperature 38.8 °C which is the normal body rectal temperature of the dog. Based on the results, all infestations were due to a single fly species, C. bezziana and the ADD calculations suggest female C. bezziana flies have laid the eggs six days prior to the removal of C. bezziana larvae from the wounds. The present study highlights the importance and application of insect evidence to solve crime cases related to myiasis. Résumé L’entomologie médico-légale est un moyen clé de résoudre les crimes liés à la fois aux humains et aux animaux en estimant l’intervalle post-mortem minimum (mPMI) ou le temps minimum de colonisation (mTOC). Au Sri Lanka, il s’agit de la première tentative d’estimation du mTOC de la mouche responsable de la myiase Chrysomya bezziana (Villeneuve) (Diptera : Calliphoridae) dans les blessures d’animaux en utilisant la méthode d’accumulation des degrés-jour (méthode ADD). Cette étude se concentre sur trois cas de myiase canine signalés à deux cliniques vétérinaires à Peradeniya, 2015. Le mTOC est calculé pour les trois cas canins à une température de 38,8 °C, qui est la température rectale corporelle normale du chien. D’après les résultats, toutes les infestations étaient dues à une seule espèce de mouche, C. bezziana et les calculs de l’ADD suggèrent que les mouches femelles C. bezziana ont pondu les œufs six jours avant le retrait des larves de C. bezziana des plaies. La présente étude met en évidence l’importance et l’application des preuves d’insectes pour résoudre les cas de crime liés à la myiase.
{"title":"Estimating colonization time of maggots infesting wounds in dogs: three case studies","authors":"W. Bandara, W. Karunaratne, R. Fuward, A. Dangolla, A. Yasakeerthi","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2043521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2043521","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forensic entomology is a key means of solving crimes related to both humans and animals by estimating the minimum postmortem interval (mPMI) or minimum time of colonization (mTOC). In Sri Lanka, this is the first attempt to estimate mTOC of the myiasis-causing fly Chrysomya bezziana (Villeneuve) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in animal wounds using accumulated degree days (ADD). This study focuses on three dog myiasis cases reported to two veterinary clinics in Peradeniya, 2015. The mTOC is calculated for all three dog cases at temperature 38.8 °C which is the normal body rectal temperature of the dog. Based on the results, all infestations were due to a single fly species, C. bezziana and the ADD calculations suggest female C. bezziana flies have laid the eggs six days prior to the removal of C. bezziana larvae from the wounds. The present study highlights the importance and application of insect evidence to solve crime cases related to myiasis. Résumé L’entomologie médico-légale est un moyen clé de résoudre les crimes liés à la fois aux humains et aux animaux en estimant l’intervalle post-mortem minimum (mPMI) ou le temps minimum de colonisation (mTOC). Au Sri Lanka, il s’agit de la première tentative d’estimation du mTOC de la mouche responsable de la myiase Chrysomya bezziana (Villeneuve) (Diptera : Calliphoridae) dans les blessures d’animaux en utilisant la méthode d’accumulation des degrés-jour (méthode ADD). Cette étude se concentre sur trois cas de myiase canine signalés à deux cliniques vétérinaires à Peradeniya, 2015. Le mTOC est calculé pour les trois cas canins à une température de 38,8 °C, qui est la température rectale corporelle normale du chien. D’après les résultats, toutes les infestations étaient dues à une seule espèce de mouche, C. bezziana et les calculs de l’ADD suggèrent que les mouches femelles C. bezziana ont pondu les œufs six jours avant le retrait des larves de C. bezziana des plaies. La présente étude met en évidence l’importance et l’application des preuves d’insectes pour résoudre les cas de crime liés à la myiase.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"171 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46770391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2022.2027600
V. A. Pacheco, S. Vanlaerhoven
Abstract Wrapping and burning are techniques to hide or destroy evidence on human remains. Both may influence the ability for forensically important arthropods, such as blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), to colonize and develop to adulthood on remains. The combined effects of wrapping and burning a body on blow flies has not been examined in the literature, therefore this was examined using two experiments: (1) measuring the potential delays in oviposition due to wrapped remains and (2) the survival of blow fly larvae on wrapped bodies exposed to flame impingement. First, three domestic pig carcasses were wrapped in 100% polyester blankets and sealed at the end with duct tape, while three remained un-wrapped. After three days of exposure to natural colonization, blow flies delayed oviposition by at least 21 h on the wrapped remains. Second, six pig carcasses were colonized with 250 first instar Lucilia sericata (Meigen). Three of these carcasses were wrapped as described in the first experiment. Larvae were allowed three days of feeding and development, then the pigs were transferred to a rural, two-storey farmhouse, which was set ablaze. The local fire department suppressed the fire and removed the pigs. Compared to un-wrapped carcasses, wrapping increased survival of live larvae and recoverability of live and dead larvae. The blanket acted as an extra layer of protection, increasing maggot survival, however, live insect evidence collected and reared post-burn provided a less accurate minimum post-mortem interval estimate than maggots killed by the fire. RÉSUMÉ L’emballage et le feu sont des techniques pour cacher ou détruire des preuves qui peuvent se trouver sur un cadavre humain. Ces deux peuvent influencer la capacité d’arthropodes d’importance médico-légale, tels que les mouches à viande (Diptera : Calliphoridae), à coloniser et à développer jusqu’au stade adulte sur des cadavres. Les effets combinés de l’enveloppement et de la combustion d’un corps sur les mouches à viande n’ont pas encore été examinés dans la littérature, c’est pour cela que nous les avons examinés à l’aide de deux études : (1) mesurer les retards potentiels de ponte dus aux cadavres enveloppés et (2) la survie des larves de mouches à viande sur des corps enveloppés exposés à l’impact des flammes. Premièrement, trois carcasses de porcs domestiques ont été enveloppées dans des couvertures 100 % polyester et scellées à la fin avec du ruban adhésif en toile, tandis que trois sont restées non emballées. Après trois jours d’exposition à la colonisation naturelle, la ponte d’œufs de les mouches à viande a été retardé d’au moins 21 h sur les cadavres enveloppés. Deuxièmement, six carcasses de porcs ont été colonisées avec 250 Lucilia sericata (Meigen) de premier stade. Trois de ces carcasses ont été emballées comme décrit dans la première étude. Les larves ont eu trois jours pour se nourrir et développer, puis les porcs ont été transférés dans une ferme rurale de deux étages,
{"title":"Flame impingement affects survival and development of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on securely wrapped remains","authors":"V. A. Pacheco, S. Vanlaerhoven","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2027600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2027600","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wrapping and burning are techniques to hide or destroy evidence on human remains. Both may influence the ability for forensically important arthropods, such as blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), to colonize and develop to adulthood on remains. The combined effects of wrapping and burning a body on blow flies has not been examined in the literature, therefore this was examined using two experiments: (1) measuring the potential delays in oviposition due to wrapped remains and (2) the survival of blow fly larvae on wrapped bodies exposed to flame impingement. First, three domestic pig carcasses were wrapped in 100% polyester blankets and sealed at the end with duct tape, while three remained un-wrapped. After three days of exposure to natural colonization, blow flies delayed oviposition by at least 21 h on the wrapped remains. Second, six pig carcasses were colonized with 250 first instar Lucilia sericata (Meigen). Three of these carcasses were wrapped as described in the first experiment. Larvae were allowed three days of feeding and development, then the pigs were transferred to a rural, two-storey farmhouse, which was set ablaze. The local fire department suppressed the fire and removed the pigs. Compared to un-wrapped carcasses, wrapping increased survival of live larvae and recoverability of live and dead larvae. The blanket acted as an extra layer of protection, increasing maggot survival, however, live insect evidence collected and reared post-burn provided a less accurate minimum post-mortem interval estimate than maggots killed by the fire. RÉSUMÉ L’emballage et le feu sont des techniques pour cacher ou détruire des preuves qui peuvent se trouver sur un cadavre humain. Ces deux peuvent influencer la capacité d’arthropodes d’importance médico-légale, tels que les mouches à viande (Diptera : Calliphoridae), à coloniser et à développer jusqu’au stade adulte sur des cadavres. Les effets combinés de l’enveloppement et de la combustion d’un corps sur les mouches à viande n’ont pas encore été examinés dans la littérature, c’est pour cela que nous les avons examinés à l’aide de deux études : (1) mesurer les retards potentiels de ponte dus aux cadavres enveloppés et (2) la survie des larves de mouches à viande sur des corps enveloppés exposés à l’impact des flammes. Premièrement, trois carcasses de porcs domestiques ont été enveloppées dans des couvertures 100 % polyester et scellées à la fin avec du ruban adhésif en toile, tandis que trois sont restées non emballées. Après trois jours d’exposition à la colonisation naturelle, la ponte d’œufs de les mouches à viande a été retardé d’au moins 21 h sur les cadavres enveloppés. Deuxièmement, six carcasses de porcs ont été colonisées avec 250 Lucilia sericata (Meigen) de premier stade. Trois de ces carcasses ont été emballées comme décrit dans la première étude. Les larves ont eu trois jours pour se nourrir et développer, puis les porcs ont été transférés dans une ferme rurale de deux étages, ","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"100 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42304854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-24DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2022.2028358
Moses Banyeh, S. Bani, Rahul Pathak, Dennis Dogara Yakubu, Emmanuel Amankwaah, Lukeman Ahmed
Abstract Sex estimation models form a vital part in Forensic human identification but they are usually population-specific. This study aimed to develop and test sex estimation models for a Ghanaian population using percutaneous lengths of the femur (FL) and ulna (UL). The study was cross-sectional from June to July 2020, involving 99 adults (male: 52, females: 47), aged between 19 and 31 years. The lengths of the femur and ulna were measured using standard anthropometric techniques. All measurements were taken twice from the left side and then averaged. The sample was randomly divided into training (n = 60) and holdout (n = 39) samples before been analysed using discriminant function analysis (DFA). Cross-population studies were performed to test the reliability of the models. Males had longer femur and ulna than females (p < 0.001). Sex estimation accuracies from all the models ranged from 68.2% to 81.8% for males and 52.9% to 86.7% for females. The standardized mean difference (SMD: Cohen’s d) by sample type ranged from −0.19 to 3.08 (living samples), 0.19 to 4.73 (cadaveric samples) and 0.30 to 5.46 (skeletal samples). The SMD by population type were: Africa, excluding Mixed or White ethnicities (d= −0.02 to 3.08), Asia (d = 0.83 to 4.85) and Europe or the Americas (d = 0.30 to 3.38). When other population-specific models were tested on the holdout sample, the difference in the average sex estimation accuracy ranged from 0 to 25.6%. Sex estimation models from the lengths of the femur and ulna are specific to a the studied population and the type of sample used.
{"title":"Sex estimation from the percutaneous lengths of the femur and the ulna in a Ghanaian population using discriminant function analysis","authors":"Moses Banyeh, S. Bani, Rahul Pathak, Dennis Dogara Yakubu, Emmanuel Amankwaah, Lukeman Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2028358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2028358","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sex estimation models form a vital part in Forensic human identification but they are usually population-specific. This study aimed to develop and test sex estimation models for a Ghanaian population using percutaneous lengths of the femur (FL) and ulna (UL). The study was cross-sectional from June to July 2020, involving 99 adults (male: 52, females: 47), aged between 19 and 31 years. The lengths of the femur and ulna were measured using standard anthropometric techniques. All measurements were taken twice from the left side and then averaged. The sample was randomly divided into training (n = 60) and holdout (n = 39) samples before been analysed using discriminant function analysis (DFA). Cross-population studies were performed to test the reliability of the models. Males had longer femur and ulna than females (p < 0.001). Sex estimation accuracies from all the models ranged from 68.2% to 81.8% for males and 52.9% to 86.7% for females. The standardized mean difference (SMD: Cohen’s d) by sample type ranged from −0.19 to 3.08 (living samples), 0.19 to 4.73 (cadaveric samples) and 0.30 to 5.46 (skeletal samples). The SMD by population type were: Africa, excluding Mixed or White ethnicities (d= −0.02 to 3.08), Asia (d = 0.83 to 4.85) and Europe or the Americas (d = 0.30 to 3.38). When other population-specific models were tested on the holdout sample, the difference in the average sex estimation accuracy ranged from 0 to 25.6%. Sex estimation models from the lengths of the femur and ulna are specific to a the studied population and the type of sample used.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"142 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43626503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-22DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2022.2028359
Josée Noël, S. Noël, F. Mailly, Dominic Granger, J. Lefebvre, E. Milot, Diane Séguin
Abstract As the forensic community is transitioning to probabilistic genotyping and the use of likelihood ratios to assign probative weight to DNA mixtures, the assessment of the number of contributors (NOC) needs to be more robust for mixture interpretation. However, NOC assessment can be challenging for low-template and/or high order mixtures. Here, we present a quick and easy-to-use tool to help with NOC estimation: total allele count curves (TAC curves). TAC curves for two to seven contributors were generated using sets of 20,000 in silico mixtures, for five populations (African American, Caucasian, Asian, Apache and Native Alaska) and for commonly used commercial STR kits (GlobalFilerTM, PowerPlex® Fusion, PowerPlex® ESX 17 and IdentifilerTM). To assess the performance of TAC curves, the NOC was evaluated for 80 mixtures, with and without use of the curves. Results show that TAC curves allow for a better NOC assessment as correct evaluations rose from 10% when using maximal allele count (MAC) to 65% when also using TAC for four to six contributor mixtures. Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2028359 .
{"title":"Total allele count distribution (TAC curves) improves number of contributor estimation for complex DNA mixtures","authors":"Josée Noël, S. Noël, F. Mailly, Dominic Granger, J. Lefebvre, E. Milot, Diane Séguin","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2022.2028359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2028359","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the forensic community is transitioning to probabilistic genotyping and the use of likelihood ratios to assign probative weight to DNA mixtures, the assessment of the number of contributors (NOC) needs to be more robust for mixture interpretation. However, NOC assessment can be challenging for low-template and/or high order mixtures. Here, we present a quick and easy-to-use tool to help with NOC estimation: total allele count curves (TAC curves). TAC curves for two to seven contributors were generated using sets of 20,000 in silico mixtures, for five populations (African American, Caucasian, Asian, Apache and Native Alaska) and for commonly used commercial STR kits (GlobalFilerTM, PowerPlex® Fusion, PowerPlex® ESX 17 and IdentifilerTM). To assess the performance of TAC curves, the NOC was evaluated for 80 mixtures, with and without use of the curves. Results show that TAC curves allow for a better NOC assessment as correct evaluations rose from 10% when using maximal allele count (MAC) to 65% when also using TAC for four to six contributor mixtures. Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2022.2028359 .","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"156 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42726130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-03DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2021.2016160
Nabeesathul Sumayya Mohamed Sadiq, Izliana Izyanti Abdullah, Siti Nur Musliha Mohamad Noor, K. Wong, K. Chang, A. F. L. Abdullah
Abstract Indented impressions can be left on the surface beneath a document when it is written on. In the absence of this document, electrostatic detection devices can be used to reveal the underneath previously written information. However, there are instances where the toner used to develop these indentations has to be substituted with alternative application, under unexpected circumstances, such as the supply chain disruption during the ongoing global pandemic. This study aimed to verify the use of erasable marker pen ink as an alternative application for the development of indentations. The procedure was optimized and evaluated, and its performance in deciphering indented impressions from 11 different underlying surfaces was compared to a conventional electrostatic detection device that applied toner to develop indentation. Electrostatic device with toner application using cascade developer method has successfully developed indented impressions from all surfaces, except for the coated glossy paper. In contrast, the application of erasable marker pens revealed indentation successfully from not only the coated glossy paper but also six other common writing surfaces. While the toner is a reliable application for deciphering indentations, the application of erasable marker ink pen can be used in the event when toners are unavailable but also on surfaces such as glossy paper, where application of toners to develop indentation may not provide satisfactory results. Résumé: Des impressions latentes peuvent être laissées sur la surface sous-jacente à un document lorsqu’on écrit sur ce dernier. En l’absence de ce document, des appareils à détection électrostatique peuvent être utilisés pour révéler les informations précédemment écrites. Cependant, il existe des cas où le toner utilisé pour le développement de ces impressions doit être remplacé par une autre application, lors de circonstances inattendues, telles que la perturbation de la chaîne d’approvisionnement pendant la pandémie mondiale présentement en cours. Cette étude visait à vérifier l’utilisation de l’encre de crayon marqueur effaçable comme application alternative pour la détection des impressions latentes. La procédure a été optimisée et évaluée, et ses performances pour la détection d’impressions latentes sur 11 types de surfaces sous-jacentes différentes ont été comparées à un appareil à détection électrostatique conventionnel qui appliquait du toner pour développer les impressions. L’appareil à détection électrostatique avec application de toner par la méthode du révélateur en cascade a révélé avec succès des impressions latentes sur toutes les surfaces, à l’exception du papier glacé couché. En revanche, l’application de crayons marqueurs effaçables a révélé avec succès des impressions latentes non seulement sur le papier glacé couché, mais également sur six autres surfaces usuelles d’écriture. Bien que le toner soit une application fiable pour déchiffrer les impressions, l’application
当在文件上书写时，可能会在文件下面的表面留下缩进的印痕。在没有本文档的情况下，可以使用静电检测装置来检测下面先前写好的信息。然而，在某些情况下，用于形成这些压痕的碳粉必须用其他应用替代，例如在持续的全球大流行期间供应链中断。本研究的目的是验证使用可擦除标记笔墨水作为一种替代应用的发展的凹痕。对该方法进行了优化和评估，并将其在解读11种不同下垫表面的压痕印象方面的性能与传统的静电检测设备进行了比较，后者使用碳粉来形成压痕。静电装置与调色剂应用，使用级联显影剂方法已成功地从所有表面，除涂层光面纸的凹痕。相比之下，可擦记号笔的应用不仅在涂有涂层的光面纸上，而且在其他六种常见的书写表面上成功地显示了压痕。虽然碳粉是一种可靠的破译压痕的应用，但在无法使用碳粉的情况下，也可以使用可擦记号笔，但在光面纸等表面上，使用碳粉来开发压痕可能无法提供令人满意的结果。rs: Des impressions latentes peuvent être laisscasses sur la surface - sous-jacente()或document lorsqou 'on sassicsuce dennier()。在l 'absence de ce的文档,des appareils检测electrostatique peuvent可能利用倒狂欢者莱斯信息precedemment写。在此之前，将存在下列情况:où在此之前，将存在下列情况:1 .在此之前，将存在下列情况:1 .在此之前，将存在下列情况:1 .在此之前，将存在下列情况:où在此之前，将存在下列情况:où在此之前，将存在下列情况:être用蜡笔涂抹，涂抹，涂抹，涂抹，涂抹，涂抹，涂抹，涂抹，涂抹，涂抹，涂抹，涂抹，涂抹，涂抹，涂抹。La手术疾病optimisee et evaluee等ses表演倒拉检测d 'impressions潜伏在11种de sous-jacentes表面不同的安大略省的高频比较联合国appareil检测electrostatique conventionnel, appliquait du爽肤水倒开发les的印象。L 'appareil检测electrostatique用应用程序de墨粉par方法du revelateur在级联一个revele用成功des印象潜伏在全部的表面,一个L推行du纸尿布上。在复仇的过程中，我用蜡笔画出了一幅画卷，画出了一幅画卷，画出了一幅画卷，画出了一幅画卷，画出了一幅画卷，画出了一幅画卷。Bien que le toner so1应用程序可以倒出令人满意的模数，l 'application de crayons marquurs effaaperables pet être应用程序的调色剂的模数可以使用一次性的，主要的调色剂表面的模数可以使用纸张表面的模数，où应用程序的调色剂的模数可以使用令人满意的模数。
{"title":"Evaluation of the performance of erasable marker pen ink for the development of indentations on documents upon surface charging by electrostatic detection device","authors":"Nabeesathul Sumayya Mohamed Sadiq, Izliana Izyanti Abdullah, Siti Nur Musliha Mohamad Noor, K. Wong, K. Chang, A. F. L. Abdullah","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2021.2016160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2021.2016160","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Indented impressions can be left on the surface beneath a document when it is written on. In the absence of this document, electrostatic detection devices can be used to reveal the underneath previously written information. However, there are instances where the toner used to develop these indentations has to be substituted with alternative application, under unexpected circumstances, such as the supply chain disruption during the ongoing global pandemic. This study aimed to verify the use of erasable marker pen ink as an alternative application for the development of indentations. The procedure was optimized and evaluated, and its performance in deciphering indented impressions from 11 different underlying surfaces was compared to a conventional electrostatic detection device that applied toner to develop indentation. Electrostatic device with toner application using cascade developer method has successfully developed indented impressions from all surfaces, except for the coated glossy paper. In contrast, the application of erasable marker pens revealed indentation successfully from not only the coated glossy paper but also six other common writing surfaces. While the toner is a reliable application for deciphering indentations, the application of erasable marker ink pen can be used in the event when toners are unavailable but also on surfaces such as glossy paper, where application of toners to develop indentation may not provide satisfactory results. Résumé: Des impressions latentes peuvent être laissées sur la surface sous-jacente à un document lorsqu’on écrit sur ce dernier. En l’absence de ce document, des appareils à détection électrostatique peuvent être utilisés pour révéler les informations précédemment écrites. Cependant, il existe des cas où le toner utilisé pour le développement de ces impressions doit être remplacé par une autre application, lors de circonstances inattendues, telles que la perturbation de la chaîne d’approvisionnement pendant la pandémie mondiale présentement en cours. Cette étude visait à vérifier l’utilisation de l’encre de crayon marqueur effaçable comme application alternative pour la détection des impressions latentes. La procédure a été optimisée et évaluée, et ses performances pour la détection d’impressions latentes sur 11 types de surfaces sous-jacentes différentes ont été comparées à un appareil à détection électrostatique conventionnel qui appliquait du toner pour développer les impressions. L’appareil à détection électrostatique avec application de toner par la méthode du révélateur en cascade a révélé avec succès des impressions latentes sur toutes les surfaces, à l’exception du papier glacé couché. En revanche, l’application de crayons marqueurs effaçables a révélé avec succès des impressions latentes non seulement sur le papier glacé couché, mais également sur six autres surfaces usuelles d’écriture. Bien que le toner soit une application fiable pour déchiffrer les impressions, l’application ","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"55 1","pages":"57 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48202778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2022.2033939
Résumés DE LA Conférence, Virtuelle DE LA Scsj
S FROM THE 2021 CSFS VIRTUAL CONFERENCE “Forensic Science: A World of Opportunities” (June 21 to 24, 2021) RÉSUMÉS DE LA CONFÉRENCE VIRTUELLE DE LA SCSJ 2021 « Sciences judiciaires : Un monde d’opportunités » (21 au 24 juin 2021) KEYNOTE SPEAKER/CONFÉRENCIÈRE D’HONNEUR Bodies of knowledge: The importance of human decomposition facilities/Les corps de la connaissance : L’importance des sites de recherches sur la décomposition humaine
来自2021年CSFS虚拟会议“法医学：机会的世界”（2021年6月21日至24日）的S
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Abstract According to section 2 of the Criminal Code, a firearm is a barrelled weapon that can discharge a projectile capable of causing serious bodily injury or death to a person. Although not defined in the Criminal Code, serious bodily injury has been accepted in Canadian courts as the “penetration or rupture of an eye”. Classifying air guns may be difficult as they are usually not categorized as a firearm, but some are capable of meeting the criteria of a firearm. In previous studies, velocity and/or energy density were used to define a parameter V50, and a minimum energy density range where penetration may occur. This research project sought to evaluate the momentum of the projectile as a new parameter to determine if an air gun is capable of causing serious bodily injury. Three air guns, with five projectile types, were fired 10 times each into pig eyes. Results indicated that a minimum momentum value may be applied to each projectile of a different shape, regardless of the projectile’s mass. Minimum momentum values ranging from 0.026 kg*m/s (pointed) to 0.039 kg m/s (flat nose) were observed. It is hypothesised that impulse, which considers the cross-sectional area of projectiles, would be a universal parameter and more research should be done to test this.
根据《刑法》第2条的规定，枪支是一种可以发射能够造成人严重身体伤害或死亡的弹丸的管状武器。虽然《刑法》中没有对严重身体伤害作出定义，但加拿大法院已将其接受为“眼睛穿透或破裂”。对气枪进行分类可能很困难，因为它们通常不被归类为枪支，但有些气枪能够满足枪支的标准。在以前的研究中，使用速度和/或能量密度来定义参数V50，以及可能发生穿透的最小能量密度范围。该研究项目旨在评估弹丸的动量，作为确定气枪是否能够造成严重人身伤害的新参数。3门气枪，5种炮弹，各向猪眼发射10次。结果表明，对于不同形状的弹丸，无论其质量如何，都可以采用最小动量值。最小动量值从0.026 kg*m/s(尖)到0.039 kg m/s(平鼻)。假设考虑弹丸横截面积的冲量是一个通用参数，需要做更多的研究来验证这一点。
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Pub Date : 2021-11-16DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2021.2007666
Karelle Séguin, Mylène Falardeau, V. Mousseau, Nadia Ducharme, L. Cadola, F. Crispino
Abstract Gunshot residues (GSR) are of interest whenever a crime involves the discharge of a firearm. They do not only inform about their source, but also about the suspect’s implication. In order to assess the existing knowledge on GSR in the literature and contribute to the creation of a structured database on transfer traces at the activity level, studies focusing on transfer, persistence, background, population and detection of GSR in various scenarios and on different supports were analyzed, with a critical assessment in a Canadian context. This research establishes a review of the current knowledge identifies gaps in the literature and therefore suggests future research to be undertaken.
{"title":"First lessons regarding the data analysis of gunshot residue traces at activity level in TTADB","authors":"Karelle Séguin, Mylène Falardeau, V. Mousseau, Nadia Ducharme, L. Cadola, F. Crispino","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2021.2007666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2021.2007666","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gunshot residues (GSR) are of interest whenever a crime involves the discharge of a firearm. They do not only inform about their source, but also about the suspect’s implication. In order to assess the existing knowledge on GSR in the literature and contribute to the creation of a structured database on transfer traces at the activity level, studies focusing on transfer, persistence, background, population and detection of GSR in various scenarios and on different supports were analyzed, with a critical assessment in a Canadian context. This research establishes a review of the current knowledge identifies gaps in the literature and therefore suggests future research to be undertaken.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"196 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42891087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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