Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2020.1748284
Rhonda L. Smith, M. Kannemeyer, Emily Adams, Vinh Phu Nguyen, Ryot Munshaw, Wesley S. Burr
Abstract The present adversarial system is often criticised for not working as well as it should in the area of expert scientific testimony. Yet scientific opinion evidence is an important aspect of present criminal trials. In addition to issues in the provision of expert evidence, triers of fact are challenged to understand complex scientific evidence. Several dynamics are at play that may impact on their ability to focus on and comprehend the science, and alternative models have been suggested to address these issues, including the use of court-appointed experts. This study examines juror focus on the science versus the persona/demeanour of the expert witness between the adversarial and court-appointed models for presentation of scientific evidence. Findings suggest that expert persona/demeanour continues to be a large focus area for jurors, that the CA model may be more resilient for ensuring greater focus on science, and that juror comprehension of science is somewhat better when presented via the court-appointed model. Results inform instruction of experts for giving opinion evidence as well as suggest the prudence of considering other models to improve the criminal justice system. Limitations as to the generalization of study results are discussed.
{"title":"Comparing jury focus and comprehension of expert evidence between adversarial and court-appointed models in Canadian criminal court context","authors":"Rhonda L. Smith, M. Kannemeyer, Emily Adams, Vinh Phu Nguyen, Ryot Munshaw, Wesley S. Burr","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2020.1748284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2020.1748284","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present adversarial system is often criticised for not working as well as it should in the area of expert scientific testimony. Yet scientific opinion evidence is an important aspect of present criminal trials. In addition to issues in the provision of expert evidence, triers of fact are challenged to understand complex scientific evidence. Several dynamics are at play that may impact on their ability to focus on and comprehend the science, and alternative models have been suggested to address these issues, including the use of court-appointed experts. This study examines juror focus on the science versus the persona/demeanour of the expert witness between the adversarial and court-appointed models for presentation of scientific evidence. Findings suggest that expert persona/demeanour continues to be a large focus area for jurors, that the CA model may be more resilient for ensuring greater focus on science, and that juror comprehension of science is somewhat better when presented via the court-appointed model. Results inform instruction of experts for giving opinion evidence as well as suggest the prudence of considering other models to improve the criminal justice system. Limitations as to the generalization of study results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"43 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2020.1748284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44356568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2020.1753277
J. Lau, Jorge Frasca, M.L. Nicholson, N. Laurin
Abstract Acid phosphatase detection using fast blue or fast black reagent is routinely performed at the RCMP National Forensic Laboratory Services as a presumptive test for semen. In training exercises, samples consisting of semen mixed with blood were reported to yield negative results with the fast black reagent. To determine the cause of the inhibition, mixed semen-blood stains were prepared using different blood sources, anti-coagulants, and layering techniques, before being tested with the fast blue or the fast black reagent. The anti-coagulant sodium fluoride (NaF) was shown to cause false negative results with the fast black reagent and to impair detection when using the fast blue reagent while no inhibition was observed when dipotassium EDTA (K2 EDTA) was used as anti-coagulant. Four different toothpastes containing fluoride were also tested for potential inhibition of semen detection. Inhibition was observed when semen was mixed with three of the undiluted toothpastes but not with diluted toothpastes (1 in 20 in water). These findings highlight the importance of using appropriate blood sources when preparing mixed semen-blood stains for the purpose of training and proficiency testing in a forensic laboratory. However, forensic casework samples are not expected to contain NaF at the inhibiting levels.
{"title":"Inhibition of acid phosphatase detection in mixed semen-blood training samples by anti-coagulants present in blood collection tubes","authors":"J. Lau, Jorge Frasca, M.L. Nicholson, N. Laurin","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2020.1753277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2020.1753277","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Acid phosphatase detection using fast blue or fast black reagent is routinely performed at the RCMP National Forensic Laboratory Services as a presumptive test for semen. In training exercises, samples consisting of semen mixed with blood were reported to yield negative results with the fast black reagent. To determine the cause of the inhibition, mixed semen-blood stains were prepared using different blood sources, anti-coagulants, and layering techniques, before being tested with the fast blue or the fast black reagent. The anti-coagulant sodium fluoride (NaF) was shown to cause false negative results with the fast black reagent and to impair detection when using the fast blue reagent while no inhibition was observed when dipotassium EDTA (K2 EDTA) was used as anti-coagulant. Four different toothpastes containing fluoride were also tested for potential inhibition of semen detection. Inhibition was observed when semen was mixed with three of the undiluted toothpastes but not with diluted toothpastes (1 in 20 in water). These findings highlight the importance of using appropriate blood sources when preparing mixed semen-blood stains for the purpose of training and proficiency testing in a forensic laboratory. However, forensic casework samples are not expected to contain NaF at the inhibiting levels.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"71 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2020.1753277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46941977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2020.1736811
M. Illes, P. Wilson
Abstract Our inquiry into forensic epistemology explores the use of data types for case-specific research within three pattern interpretation disciplines. It also examines the epistemic status of practitioner case experimentation in forensic science. We developed three cases from different pattern-interpretation disciplines: a friction ridge analysis; a bloodstain pattern analysis; and a footwear impression analysis. For each case, a series of experiments were derived using three different data types: a quantitative approach (using numeric data), a qualitative approach (using image data) and a mixed-method approach (using both numeric and image data). We supplied data analyses that would be common knowledge for any academic researcher. Electronic files were compiled for each case and research method and forwarded by Qualtrics Software to forensic practitioners within the prescribed discipline. Demographic questions on practitioner education level and years of experience were included in the survey, along with open-ended comment areas. The dependent variable is the participants’ percentage confidence in providing an opinion from the data type used. ANOVA analyses indicated that the practitioners were more confident using a mixed-method data approach. No differences were found between the percentage confidence levels and discipline type. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the confidence levels and years of experience or the participants’ education level. The qualitative data analysis validated the quantitative results in that the practitioners were more confident with a mixed-method research approach.
{"title":"Forensic epistemology: exploring case-specific research in forensic science","authors":"M. Illes, P. Wilson","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2020.1736811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2020.1736811","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Our inquiry into forensic epistemology explores the use of data types for case-specific research within three pattern interpretation disciplines. It also examines the epistemic status of practitioner case experimentation in forensic science. We developed three cases from different pattern-interpretation disciplines: a friction ridge analysis; a bloodstain pattern analysis; and a footwear impression analysis. For each case, a series of experiments were derived using three different data types: a quantitative approach (using numeric data), a qualitative approach (using image data) and a mixed-method approach (using both numeric and image data). We supplied data analyses that would be common knowledge for any academic researcher. Electronic files were compiled for each case and research method and forwarded by Qualtrics Software to forensic practitioners within the prescribed discipline. Demographic questions on practitioner education level and years of experience were included in the survey, along with open-ended comment areas. The dependent variable is the participants’ percentage confidence in providing an opinion from the data type used. ANOVA analyses indicated that the practitioners were more confident using a mixed-method data approach. No differences were found between the percentage confidence levels and discipline type. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the confidence levels and years of experience or the participants’ education level. The qualitative data analysis validated the quantitative results in that the practitioners were more confident with a mixed-method research approach.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"26 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2020.1736811","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45415565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2020.1724248
A. Hayley, Maja Green, M. Keane, P. Kostakis, Y. Shehabi, C. Stough, L. Downey
Abstract To evaluate the sensitivity of the Securetec DrugWipe 6 S Ketamine device in detecting salivary ketamine, we administered three fixed, increasing sub-anaesthetic doses of intravenous ketamine solution to 20 participants using an open-label, within subjects’ protocol. Results indicated, at a cut-off level of 5 ng/mL for ketamine in oral fluid, the Securetec DrugWipe 6 S Ketamine device indicated a uniformly positive result for the presence of ketamine during the acute dosing phase where corresponding mean whole blood ketamine concentrations were 0.38 mg/L (dose 1), 0.48 mg/L (dose 2) and 0.82 mg/L (dose 3), respectively. At 2-hours post treatment, the positive detection rate was 85% where corresponding mean whole blood concentrations of ketamine were 0.21 mg/L. Device detection rate reduced to 40% at 4-hours post-treatment.
{"title":"Accuracy of the Securetec DrugWipe 6s Ketamine device in detecting acute and residual salivary ketamine following a stepwise intravenous treatment protocol","authors":"A. Hayley, Maja Green, M. Keane, P. Kostakis, Y. Shehabi, C. Stough, L. Downey","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2020.1724248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2020.1724248","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To evaluate the sensitivity of the Securetec DrugWipe 6 S Ketamine device in detecting salivary ketamine, we administered three fixed, increasing sub-anaesthetic doses of intravenous ketamine solution to 20 participants using an open-label, within subjects’ protocol. Results indicated, at a cut-off level of 5 ng/mL for ketamine in oral fluid, the Securetec DrugWipe 6 S Ketamine device indicated a uniformly positive result for the presence of ketamine during the acute dosing phase where corresponding mean whole blood ketamine concentrations were 0.38 mg/L (dose 1), 0.48 mg/L (dose 2) and 0.82 mg/L (dose 3), respectively. At 2-hours post treatment, the positive detection rate was 85% where corresponding mean whole blood concentrations of ketamine were 0.21 mg/L. Device detection rate reduced to 40% at 4-hours post-treatment.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2020.1724248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42586333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2020.1736812
M. Taura, L. Adamu, A. Asuku, K. Umar, M. Abubakar
Abstract Bilateral asymmetry is one of the widely used features by proxy as an indicator of environmental and occupational stress and developmental instability. However, its application in personal identification has not been well elucidated in the literature. The present study strives to investigate the forensic implication of fingerprint white line count (FWLC) quantity and asymmetry and the potential of their utilization as complementary tools in personal identification. The objectives of the study were to determine the potential of FWLC asymmetry as a possible feature for sex and left or right of digit determination and its possible forensic implication among the Hausa population of Kano state, Nigeria. The study was a cross sectional type which comprises of 300 participants. A plain fingerprint captured using live scan techniques to determine the FWLC. Wilcoxon signed ranks and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the paired and independent variables. Binary logistic regression analyses were employed for determination of sex and left or right of the digit. The result shows statistically significant differences between the left and right FWLC in both sexes. FWLC exhibited leftward asymmetry in all the digits in both males and females. Significant sexual dimorphism in FWLC asymmetry was observed in all the digits except for the middle digits. Regarding the sex and left or right determination, the coefficients of discrimination of sex and left or right of digit were found to be significant for all the digits except for the middle digits for sex. The variance of sex and left or right of the digits explained by FWLC asymmetry was higher for index and ring digits. The group membership prediction was best for index and ring digits. In conclusion, the FWLC asymmetry exhibits potential in sex and left or right of the digit prediction among Hausa population. Index and ring digits were the best digits that expressed the level of dimorphism and discrimination.
{"title":"Quantity and asymmetry of fingerprint white lines: forensic implication","authors":"M. Taura, L. Adamu, A. Asuku, K. Umar, M. Abubakar","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2020.1736812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2020.1736812","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bilateral asymmetry is one of the widely used features by proxy as an indicator of environmental and occupational stress and developmental instability. However, its application in personal identification has not been well elucidated in the literature. The present study strives to investigate the forensic implication of fingerprint white line count (FWLC) quantity and asymmetry and the potential of their utilization as complementary tools in personal identification. The objectives of the study were to determine the potential of FWLC asymmetry as a possible feature for sex and left or right of digit determination and its possible forensic implication among the Hausa population of Kano state, Nigeria. The study was a cross sectional type which comprises of 300 participants. A plain fingerprint captured using live scan techniques to determine the FWLC. Wilcoxon signed ranks and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the paired and independent variables. Binary logistic regression analyses were employed for determination of sex and left or right of the digit. The result shows statistically significant differences between the left and right FWLC in both sexes. FWLC exhibited leftward asymmetry in all the digits in both males and females. Significant sexual dimorphism in FWLC asymmetry was observed in all the digits except for the middle digits. Regarding the sex and left or right determination, the coefficients of discrimination of sex and left or right of digit were found to be significant for all the digits except for the middle digits for sex. The variance of sex and left or right of the digits explained by FWLC asymmetry was higher for index and ring digits. The group membership prediction was best for index and ring digits. In conclusion, the FWLC asymmetry exhibits potential in sex and left or right of the digit prediction among Hausa population. Index and ring digits were the best digits that expressed the level of dimorphism and discrimination.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"13 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2020.1736812","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44488933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2020.1722419
V. Mendes
{"title":"Modifications proposed to the Canadian Society of Forensic Science Alcohol Test Committee: October 2014 to October 2019","authors":"V. Mendes","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2020.1722419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2020.1722419","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"41 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2020.1722419","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48550014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2019.1664260
M. Illes, P. Wilson, Catherine D. Bruce
Abstract In recent years, crime scene analysis has been transitioning from being a technical discipline to being a scientific process. This progression is shifting the forensic practitioner examining crime scenes into a deeper level of scientific reasoning. This study evaluates the use of reasoning by practitioners in the disciplines of crime scene investigations and bloodstain pattern analysis. A well-established classroom test of scientific reasoning (CTSR) was distributed online to active crime scene investigators (CSI) and bloodstain pattern analysts (BPA) (n = 213) using Qualtrics software. The survey provides quantitative data on the reasoning ability of the participating practitioners along with demographic information on education, employment status (specifically, police or civilian), and work experience. Linear regression analyses indicate that there is a significant difference between the CTSR scores and education level. The higher educated practitioner (graduate level) performed better on the reasoning test. No significant differences were found between the test scores and the years of experience, even when sectioned into 5-year increments of 5 to 25+ years of experience. Similarly, there was no difference between the test scores and employment status for the CSI group and within the BPA group. This information suggests that the level of education plays the most important role in the development and use of reasoning skills, whereas experience and employment status are not as influential. The test scores were also mapped to Piaget’s categories – concrete operational, transitional and formal operational reasoners – with 69.5% of CSI and 77% of BPA scoring as formal operational reasoners. The authors recommend that a CTSR be used for testing current and future (tertiary forensic students) practitioners for evaluating reasoning skills and identifying scientific learning gaps. This study also supports further research into forensic epistemology and pedagogy, to deepen our knowledge of science in forensic science.
{"title":"Forensic epistemology: testing the reasoning skills of crime scene experts","authors":"M. Illes, P. Wilson, Catherine D. Bruce","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2019.1664260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2019.1664260","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In recent years, crime scene analysis has been transitioning from being a technical discipline to being a scientific process. This progression is shifting the forensic practitioner examining crime scenes into a deeper level of scientific reasoning. This study evaluates the use of reasoning by practitioners in the disciplines of crime scene investigations and bloodstain pattern analysis. A well-established classroom test of scientific reasoning (CTSR) was distributed online to active crime scene investigators (CSI) and bloodstain pattern analysts (BPA) (n = 213) using Qualtrics software. The survey provides quantitative data on the reasoning ability of the participating practitioners along with demographic information on education, employment status (specifically, police or civilian), and work experience. Linear regression analyses indicate that there is a significant difference between the CTSR scores and education level. The higher educated practitioner (graduate level) performed better on the reasoning test. No significant differences were found between the test scores and the years of experience, even when sectioned into 5-year increments of 5 to 25+ years of experience. Similarly, there was no difference between the test scores and employment status for the CSI group and within the BPA group. This information suggests that the level of education plays the most important role in the development and use of reasoning skills, whereas experience and employment status are not as influential. The test scores were also mapped to Piaget’s categories – concrete operational, transitional and formal operational reasoners – with 69.5% of CSI and 77% of BPA scoring as formal operational reasoners. The authors recommend that a CTSR be used for testing current and future (tertiary forensic students) practitioners for evaluating reasoning skills and identifying scientific learning gaps. This study also supports further research into forensic epistemology and pedagogy, to deepen our knowledge of science in forensic science.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"151 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2019.1664260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46440241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2019.1682217
Julie Binette, Andrew Barton, R. Brent Ostrum
Abstract A technique was developed and assessed for use in the determination of line crossing sequence. This technique takes advantage of the transfer of both substrate topography and ink chemistry, at the line crossing intersection, to a Mikrosil™ casting compound. An initial pilot involving intersections between blue ballpoint inks and toner was constructed and blind tested using Forensic Document Examiners at the Canada Border Services Agency. Following this initial pilot, a more extensive trial was constructed to assess the technique’s application with a larger population of blue ballpoint pens and a larger number of document examiners.
{"title":"Sequence determination between blue ballpoint pens and toner using MikrosilTM casting of the intersection","authors":"Julie Binette, Andrew Barton, R. Brent Ostrum","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2019.1682217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2019.1682217","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A technique was developed and assessed for use in the determination of line crossing sequence. This technique takes advantage of the transfer of both substrate topography and ink chemistry, at the line crossing intersection, to a Mikrosil™ casting compound. An initial pilot involving intersections between blue ballpoint inks and toner was constructed and blind tested using Forensic Document Examiners at the Canada Border Services Agency. Following this initial pilot, a more extensive trial was constructed to assess the technique’s application with a larger population of blue ballpoint pens and a larger number of document examiners.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"184 - 205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2019.1682217","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58696112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-19DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2019.1664972
Kelly L. Miles
Abstract Comparative decomposition rates of piglet carcasses were obtained when interred in air, soil, horse manure or pig manure to test the belief that pig manure expedites soft tissue decomposition in forensic cases. Data do not support this claim. Results show initial rapid rates of decomposition variables in air, but piglets buried in soil, horse manure and pig manure caught up to the exposed piglets’ decomposition rates by the end of the twelve-day experiment. Both piglet tissues and manure have low C/N ratios (<20:1) as opposed to the optimal composting C/N ratio of 30:1 to yield accelerated decomposition. Limitations of this study are addressed with suggestions for future studies with forensic relevance.
{"title":"Comparative decomposition rates of piglets buried in manure: a pilot study and implications for forensic taphonomy","authors":"Kelly L. Miles","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2019.1664972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2019.1664972","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Comparative decomposition rates of piglet carcasses were obtained when interred in air, soil, horse manure or pig manure to test the belief that pig manure expedites soft tissue decomposition in forensic cases. Data do not support this claim. Results show initial rapid rates of decomposition variables in air, but piglets buried in soil, horse manure and pig manure caught up to the exposed piglets’ decomposition rates by the end of the twelve-day experiment. Both piglet tissues and manure have low C/N ratios (<20:1) as opposed to the optimal composting C/N ratio of 30:1 to yield accelerated decomposition. Limitations of this study are addressed with suggestions for future studies with forensic relevance.","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"174 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2019.1664972","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49592246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00085030.2019.1647672
{"title":"Correction","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00085030.2019.1647672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00085030.2019.1647672","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44383,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"150 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00085030.2019.1647672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44612776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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