Revista Iberoamericana de Psicologia y Salud最新文献

Perfectionism is a personality trait characterized by the self-imposition of unrealistic standards of performance, the motivation to be a perfectionist and the perception of the environment as too demanding and critical. The aim of this study was to analyze the scientific literature on perfectionism in children and adolescents. The documents were collected from 4 databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and Education Resources Information Center), limiting the period between 2004 and 2014. These 325 documents were analyzed with different bibliometric indicators such as the analysis of the temporal productivity, the most productive journals and authors, and the co-authored index, as well as an examination and discussion of the population characteristic, the main instruments used, and the issues identified. It was found a tendency to develop collaborative work and a considerable number of big producers (Gordon L. Flett, Paul L. Hewitt, Andrew P. Hill y Bart Soenens). The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale were the most used instruments to assess perfectionism in children and adolescents. Likewise, there were more studies in adolescents than in children. It was observed that most of the documents analyzed focused on examine the relationship between perfectionism and psychopathology. Finally, the main identified issues are discussed, found limitations and consolidated areas, serving as a reference for future studies on the field of perfectionism during childhood and adolescence.

A study was designed with the aim to evaluate the academic environment stressors. As for this, the employed evaluation instruments currently were not adequately adapted to university setting assessment, or were not sufficiently exhaustive to cover the generating stress sources of academic stress. At the study, 1,196 undergraduate students of different university degrees endorsed the Stressor Academic Scale. The results supported a scale consisting of 54 items, structured around 8 factors explaining 66% of the variance. The scale showed to be reliable as a whole (α = 0.96), ranging for factors between 0.81 and 0.94. The factors were: teachers’ methodological deficiencies; academic over-burden; beliefs about performances; public interventions; negative social environment; exams; content worthlessness; and participation difficulties.

WHOQOL-BREF measures the individual's perception on their personal situation in contrast to their expectations, goals, standards and concerns. Previous results did not support the original factor structure in a sample of 9 Iberoamerican countries. However, Differential Item Functioning (DIF) has yet to be thoroughly addressed in these populations. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to analyze DIF in Iberoamerican countries. WHOQOL-BREF was administered to a sample of 1972 individuals from nine Spanish-speaking countries and ages between 17 and 34 years (mean = 21.21, SD = 3.40, 62.5% women). In order to assess the DIF, each item was modeled through a proportional odds logistic regression with nationality in the linear predictor. All models were statistically non-equivalent to the null models and the proportion of correct classification of the models ranging from 0.336 to 0.473, which leads us to conclude that the nationality of the participants plays a relevant role on the response in the items of WHOQOL-BREF. In spite of a common language, differences in cultural, historical, and social variables across these nine countries could be influencing the individual's perception of quality of life. In order to minimize those differences, specific adaptations of the Spanish-version of WHOQOL-BREF for each country should be considered.

An experimental study was designed with the aim of knowing the effects of the subjective perception of partner violence victimization (yes vs. no), gender (male vs. female), and psychological violence type (subtle vs. overt) on objective partner violence victimization; the evaluation of the observed degree of violence, the adult attachment and on the conflict resolution tactics. As for this, 121 participants, ranging from 18 to 66 years old (M=37,08), read a vignette of intimidate partner violence (subtle or overt) which should assess in the degree of observed violence. Moreover, participants were assessed in ambivalent sexism, conflict resolution tactics, adult attachment, perceived victimization, and objective experience measure of intimate partner violence. Results showed that the vignettes of overt violence were evaluated as more representative of gender violence than the subtle ones. Males, in comparison with females, assessed that subtle violence has a greater influence on victim behavior, and that the overt violence on access of victims to the partner claims. Meanwhile, females reported that overt violence has more influence on victim behavior, and that the subtle violence on facilitating the victim access to the partner claims. Results also confirm the low detection rate of the subtle violence as constitutive of gender violence. No relationship between gender and partner violence victimization with conflict resolution tactics and adult attachment was found. The implications of the results for intervention are discussed.

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships between maladaptive use of Internet and mobile phone and various imbalances in social skills, stress management, self-esteem and life satisfaction, and to explore differences in such uses/abuses according to socio demographic variables, such as gender and age. To do this, using a two-stage sampling of convenience with intra-group randomized downsampling, was selected 200 students (104 boys and 96 girls) aged between 12 and 17 years (M = 14.34; DT = 1.637) enrolled in several secondary schools in Principado de Asturias (Spain). According to the results, it has been found that the imbalances in stress management skills predict the most likely to misuse in both technologies. Also, difficulties in managing stress and lack of communication skills, predict problematic uses of Internet -related compulsive habits, self control problems and conflicts generated by feelings. It was confirmed that girls and older adolescents suffer more problems related to mobile phone use problematic. The implications of such problematic uses are discussed and abounds in the desirability of promoting prevention and psychosocial intervention.

This study aimed to deepen in risk and protective factors of suicidal behavior by comparing mental health consultants, mostly with depressive symptoms, with and without suicidal risk. Six hundred and seventy-six consultants were studied in 3 health centers in the Metropolitan region in Chile. The sample was divided into 2 groups: I) without suicidal behavior (n = 354), and II) with current suicidal behavior (n = 321). At the same time, the group with suicidal behavior was divided into 3 subgroups: a) suicidal ideation, without current suicide attempts (n = 165); b) low severity suicide attempt (n = 71), and c) high severity suicide attempt (n = 85). The studied variables were experience and expression of anger (STAXI-2) and dissuasive reasons to commit suicide (RFL). Descriptive and correlation analyzes were performed. The consultants without suicidal behavior showed a more functional experience and expression of anger, and they emphasized the importance of more reasons for living than the group with suicidal behavior. The suicidal ideation subgroup showed a greater dysfunction in relation to over-control rage. They stand as reasons for not wanting to commit suicide, not want to harm the children or cause suffering to the family. It also highlights as protective factor believe in their own coping abilities in difficult situations. The results contribute to the prevention and treatment of suicidal risk consultants.

Poor adherence to treatment is a problem of great importance and striking magnitude. Its consequences are increased health care costs and poor health outcomes. It defined the objective of this research, which is the study of psychological characteristics of patients with different degrees of adherence to rehabilitation treatment after coronary bypass surgery. Ninety male and female patients with CHD, aged 46–71, were examined. The study was carried out using the questionnaire of ways of coping and the technique for diagnosing the types of attitude toward the disease, and the study of medical history. The analysis of the types of attitude toward the disease revealed that adherent patients show higher values on the harmonious type; patients with poor adherence show higher values on the apathetic, as well as the melancholic type of attitude toward illness. This study shows that wide range of psychological characteristics is significant for the definition of adherence to treatment. It is essential to consider the patient's personality and his characteristics, such as attitude toward the disease, because they influence the adherence and, therefore, the effectiveness of therapy in the postoperative period.