Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-31-39
M. Bultseva
The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant negative impact on people’s life and behavior. This happens due to circumstances beyond the control of people, which lead to social isolation, increase in fear, anxiety, and other negative feelings and states. However, these negative feelings and states may have not only negative consequences, but also trigger prosocial behavior as a coping strategy. Prosocial behavior online is a relatively new domain of prosocial behavior developed due to an increase in ICT use in recent decades. Prosocial behavior online is more safe and less costly than offline one, and thus can be more relevant in times of the pandemic. This research was aimed at identifying the relationship between negative emotional states actualized by the COVID-19 pandemic (fear of COVID-19, stress, anxiety, depression) and prosocial behavior online. Cross-sectional study was conducted on a Russian sample (N=215) with the help of such instruments as Scale of Prosocial Behavior in an Online Context, Fear of COVID-19 scale and DASS-21. Regression analysis has shown that fear and anxiety contributed to prosocial behavior online, while depression inhibited it. The relationship between stress level and prosocial behavior online was not statistically significant. The results are discussed considering arousal potential of different negative emotional states.
{"title":"Determinants of the Online Prosocial Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. Bultseva","doi":"10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-31-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-31-39","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant negative impact on people’s life and behavior. This happens due to circumstances beyond the control of people, which lead to social isolation, increase in fear, anxiety, and other negative feelings and states. However, these negative feelings and states may have not only negative consequences, but also trigger prosocial behavior as a coping strategy. Prosocial behavior online is a relatively new domain of prosocial behavior developed due to an increase in ICT use in recent decades. Prosocial behavior online is more safe and less costly than offline one, and thus can be more relevant in times of the pandemic. This research was aimed at identifying the relationship between negative emotional states actualized by the COVID-19 pandemic (fear of COVID-19, stress, anxiety, depression) and prosocial behavior online. Cross-sectional study was conducted on a Russian sample (N=215) with the help of such instruments as Scale of Prosocial Behavior in an Online Context, Fear of COVID-19 scale and DASS-21. Regression analysis has shown that fear and anxiety contributed to prosocial behavior online, while depression inhibited it. The relationship between stress level and prosocial behavior online was not statistically significant. The results are discussed considering arousal potential of different negative emotional states.","PeriodicalId":44468,"journal":{"name":"Psychology-Journal of the Higher School of Economics","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86409048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-62-70
D. Dubrov
The study goal was to empirically test the direct and indirect effects of involvement in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and family social capital. To test these effects, we interviewed 104 families (parents and adolescents, n = 208). The direct effect test showed that the involvement in ICT use is a significant predictor of family social capital. At the same time, there is an inverse relationship: the higher the level of involvement of family members in ICT use, the lower the level of family social capital and all its components, especially trust. This means that the more adolescents and their parents are involved in ICT use (Internet, tablets, phones and other gadgets), the less they trust each other, pay attention to needs and mutual support, and the relationship becomes more distant and formal. As we can see, the primary results obtained using the construct of “family social capital” confirm the “displacement hypothesis”, according to which involvement in ICT use reduces the time for contacts between family members and they “displace” direct interaction, making it formal. The indirect effect test showed that the involvement in ICT use is a significant mediator of the relationship between family social capital and subjective wellbeing. In this case, involvement in ICT use acts as a coping strategy if individuals are not satisfied with their relationships with relatives. The results obtained confirm the “social compensation hypothesis”.
{"title":"The Relationship between Involvement in the Use of Information and Communication Technologies and Family Social Capital","authors":"D. Dubrov","doi":"10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-62-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-62-70","url":null,"abstract":"The study goal was to empirically test the direct and indirect effects of involvement in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) and family social capital. To test these effects, we interviewed 104 families (parents and adolescents, n = 208). The direct effect test showed that the involvement in ICT use is a significant predictor of family social capital. At the same time, there is an inverse relationship: the higher the level of involvement of family members in ICT use, the lower the level of family social capital and all its components, especially trust. This means that the more adolescents and their parents are involved in ICT use (Internet, tablets, phones and other gadgets), the less they trust each other, pay attention to needs and mutual support, and the relationship becomes more distant and formal. As we can see, the primary results obtained using the construct of “family social capital” confirm the “displacement hypothesis”, according to which involvement in ICT use reduces the time for contacts between family members and they “displace” direct interaction, making it formal. The indirect effect test showed that the involvement in ICT use is a significant mediator of the relationship between family social capital and subjective wellbeing. In this case, involvement in ICT use acts as a coping strategy if individuals are not satisfied with their relationships with relatives. The results obtained confirm the “social compensation hypothesis”.","PeriodicalId":44468,"journal":{"name":"Psychology-Journal of the Higher School of Economics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74636234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-8-19
A. Tatarko, E. Bushina, Anastasia Raevskaya
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, people began to use the Internet more actively. Accordingly, the question arises of how the accelerated digitalization, which became one of the results of the pandemic, has affected various aspects of our lives, including our attitude to the political power institutions. This article discusses the relation of Internet usage activity and the trust toward the political institutions in European countries. There are contradicting data in the literature regarding the relationship between institutional trust and the activity of using the Internet. We assumed that the direction of relationship is associated with the efficiency of the state power institutions. Based on the government effectiveness index, we have chosen five European countries with the highest government efficiency and five countries with the lowest. To assess the activity of using the Internet, we used data from the European Social Survey (ESS) that show the average frequency of Internet use during the month and the average duration of its use during the day. The dependent variables were respondents' assessments of their own trust in the different political institutions. Next, using multiple regression analysis, we assessed the relationship between two indicators of Internet use activity and trust in each of the institutions. The results of the regression analysis demonstrated that in the countries with low government efficiency, the activity of Internet usage is negatively associated with trust in various political institutions. In countries with high government efficiency, we found a positive relationship between Internet usage activity and institutional trust.
{"title":"How Can Digitalization Accompanying the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Attitudes towards Political Institutions? The Relationship between Internet Usage Activity and Institutional Trust","authors":"A. Tatarko, E. Bushina, Anastasia Raevskaya","doi":"10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-8-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-8-19","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, people began to use the Internet more actively. Accordingly, the question arises of how the accelerated digitalization, which became one of the results of the pandemic, has affected various aspects of our lives, including our attitude to the political power institutions. This article discusses the relation of Internet usage activity and the trust toward the political institutions in European countries. There are contradicting data in the literature regarding the relationship between institutional trust and the activity of using the Internet. We assumed that the direction of relationship is associated with the efficiency of the state power institutions. Based on the government effectiveness index, we have chosen five European countries with the highest government efficiency and five countries with the lowest. To assess the activity of using the Internet, we used data from the European Social Survey (ESS) that show the average frequency of Internet use during the month and the average duration of its use during the day. The dependent variables were respondents' assessments of their own trust in the different political institutions. Next, using multiple regression analysis, we assessed the relationship between two indicators of Internet use activity and trust in each of the institutions. The results of the regression analysis demonstrated that in the countries with low government efficiency, the activity of Internet usage is negatively associated with trust in various political institutions. In countries with high government efficiency, we found a positive relationship between Internet usage activity and institutional trust.","PeriodicalId":44468,"journal":{"name":"Psychology-Journal of the Higher School of Economics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88441606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-71-80
V. Galyapina, I. Molodikova
The involvement of Russians in information and communication technologies using (IICTU) affects not only business relations and the search for information, but also friendly contacts in the online space. In this regard, it is important to understand the role of IICTU and on-line intra- and inter-ethnic friendships in the intercultural attitudes of residents of the multicultural Russian society. We conducted a socio-psychological survey in 2019–2020, the sample included 337 residents of eight regions of Russia. Using structural equation modeling and mediation analysis, we found that IICTU of Russians predicted the intensity of online intra- and inter-ethnic friendships. On-line inter-ethnic friendly contacts had a direct positive effect on the attitudes supporting multicultural ideology and social equality and a negative direct effect on the intolerance of Russians. The more intensively Russians communicate with inter-ethnic friends in the virtual space, the more significant their readiness to accept cultural diversity, social equality and tolerance. This result allows us to speak of a universal role of intercultural on-line friendships for positive intercultural attitudes. Additionally, such contacts mediated the relationship of IICTU with intercultural attitudes. Friendly intra-ethnic contacts in the network were positively associated with attitudes supporting both multicultural ideology and intolerance. We can say that the creation of networks that include representatives of only one ethnic group and intensive communication of its members can potentially contribute to the intolerance of Russians. In general, the results of the study showed the importance of developing virtual space for intercultural communication.
{"title":"Russians' Involvement in Information and Communication Technology Using and Intercultural Attitudes: The Role of On-Line Intra- and Inter-Ethnic friendships","authors":"V. Galyapina, I. Molodikova","doi":"10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-71-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-71-80","url":null,"abstract":"The involvement of Russians in information and communication technologies using (IICTU) affects not only business relations and the search for information, but also friendly contacts in the online space. In this regard, it is important to understand the role of IICTU and on-line intra- and inter-ethnic friendships in the intercultural attitudes of residents of the multicultural Russian society. We conducted a socio-psychological survey in 2019–2020, the sample included 337 residents of eight regions of Russia. Using structural equation modeling and mediation analysis, we found that IICTU of Russians predicted the intensity of online intra- and inter-ethnic friendships. On-line inter-ethnic friendly contacts had a direct positive effect on the attitudes supporting multicultural ideology and social equality and a negative direct effect on the intolerance of Russians. The more intensively Russians communicate with inter-ethnic friends in the virtual space, the more significant their readiness to accept cultural diversity, social equality and tolerance. This result allows us to speak of a universal role of intercultural on-line friendships for positive intercultural attitudes. Additionally, such contacts mediated the relationship of IICTU with intercultural attitudes. Friendly intra-ethnic contacts in the network were positively associated with attitudes supporting both multicultural ideology and intolerance. We can say that the creation of networks that include representatives of only one ethnic group and intensive communication of its members can potentially contribute to the intolerance of Russians. In general, the results of the study showed the importance of developing virtual space for intercultural communication.","PeriodicalId":44468,"journal":{"name":"Psychology-Journal of the Higher School of Economics","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74636030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-40-48
M. Efremova
The COVID-19 pandemic has unprecedentedly influenced social interactions, which can be implemented both in real life (offline) and on the Internet. Prosocial behavior as a type of social interactions has a positive impact on individuals and society, especially during crises. Prosocial behavior is determined by various factors, including individual values and contextual factors as the most influential ones. The form of prosocial behavior and its determinants may differ in different periods of the society functioning. Therefore, studying prosocial behavior before and during the pandemic, and identifying factors of its implementation in various contexts is a relevant task. This study explores the relationship between individual values and prosocial behavior, in an offline and an online context, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. A cross-sectional study with two sub-samples — the “pre-pandemic” group (N=304) and the “pandemic” group (N=187) — was conducted online, using the short version of Human Values Scale by S. Schwartz (ESS-21) and scales of prosocial behavior in online and offline contexts. Results show that during a pandemic people are less likely to engage in prosocial behavior offline and rely less on Self-Transсendence values. At the same time, in “the pre-pandemic” group, Self-Transcendence values contribute to prosocial behavior in both contexts, while Self-Enhancement values contribute to prosocial behavior in the online context. Next, in the “pandemic” group, Self-Transcendence values and Openness-to-Change values promote prosocial behavior in both contexts, while Conservation values discourage it. The results are discussed regarding the impact a pandemic has on people's lives.
{"title":"The Relationship between Values and Prosocial Behavior in Different Contexts before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. Efremova","doi":"10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-40-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2023-1-40-48","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has unprecedentedly influenced social interactions, which can be implemented both in real life (offline) and on the Internet. Prosocial behavior as a type of social interactions has a positive impact on individuals and society, especially during crises. Prosocial behavior is determined by various factors, including individual values and contextual factors as the most influential ones. The form of prosocial behavior and its determinants may differ in different periods of the society functioning. Therefore, studying prosocial behavior before and during the pandemic, and identifying factors of its implementation in various contexts is a relevant task. This study explores the relationship between individual values and prosocial behavior, in an offline and an online context, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. A cross-sectional study with two sub-samples — the “pre-pandemic” group (N=304) and the “pandemic” group (N=187) — was conducted online, using the short version of Human Values Scale by S. Schwartz (ESS-21) and scales of prosocial behavior in online and offline contexts. Results show that during a pandemic people are less likely to engage in prosocial behavior offline and rely less on Self-Transсendence values. At the same time, in “the pre-pandemic” group, Self-Transcendence values contribute to prosocial behavior in both contexts, while Self-Enhancement values contribute to prosocial behavior in the online context. Next, in the “pandemic” group, Self-Transcendence values and Openness-to-Change values promote prosocial behavior in both contexts, while Conservation values discourage it. The results are discussed regarding the impact a pandemic has on people's lives.","PeriodicalId":44468,"journal":{"name":"Psychology-Journal of the Higher School of Economics","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86154351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-855-871
Ольга Васильевна Шаталова
Под термином «восстановление» в психологии среды понимается восполнение адаптационных физиологических и психологических ресурсов через восприятие природы. Будучи одним из консенсусных объяснений благотворного влияния контактов с природой на физическое и психологическое состояние человека, «восстановление» в то же время вызывает ряд дискуссий в зарубежной психологии. В статье представлен обзор современных взглядов на восстановление, связанных с двумя резонансными теориями — теорией восстановления внимания и теорией восстановления после стресса. Одна из задач обзора — обсуждение дискуссионных моментов, актуальных для исследований восстановления. Охарактеризованы две линии развития концепта. Первая — дискуссия о механизмах восстановления: вследствие качеств природной среды (восходящий подход) или вследствие субъективных факторов (нисходящий подход). Другая линия — выход за рамки адаптационной парадигмы, что реализуется через расширение содержания понятия либо через включение концепта восстановления в качестве элемента в более широкую систему эффектов контактов с природой. В статье обозначены аргументы в пользу «сохранения границ» понятия как физиологического, аффективного и когнитивного восстановления. Вторая задача обзора — предложить систематизированный взгляд на эмпирические показатели восстановления в связи с тем, что в современной исследовательской практике встречаются примеры смешивания связанных с восстановлением конструктов. Предложена категоризация показателей: объективные физиологические, объективные когнитивные, показатели шкал самоотчета об эмоциональных состояниях и чертах, показатели шкал самоотчета о восстановлении (актуальный/ре конструируемый восстановительный эффект, актуальный/реконструируемый восстановительный потенциал среды). Обзор может представлять интерес для исследователей психологических эффектов контактов с природой в русскоязычном контексте.
{"title":"Восстановительный эффект контактов с природой как предмет исследования в психологии среды","authors":"Ольга Васильевна Шаталова","doi":"10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-855-871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-855-871","url":null,"abstract":"Под термином «восстановление» в психологии среды понимается восполнение адаптационных физиологических и психологических ресурсов через восприятие природы. Будучи одним из консенсусных объяснений благотворного влияния контактов с природой на физическое и психологическое состояние человека, «восстановление» в то же время вызывает ряд дискуссий в зарубежной психологии. В статье представлен обзор современных взглядов на восстановление, связанных с двумя резонансными теориями — теорией восстановления внимания и теорией восстановления после стресса. Одна из задач обзора — обсуждение дискуссионных моментов, актуальных для исследований восстановления. Охарактеризованы две линии развития концепта. Первая — дискуссия о механизмах восстановления: вследствие качеств природной среды (восходящий подход) или вследствие субъективных факторов (нисходящий подход). Другая линия — выход за рамки адаптационной парадигмы, что реализуется через расширение содержания понятия либо через включение концепта восстановления в качестве элемента в более широкую систему эффектов контактов с природой. В статье обозначены аргументы в пользу «сохранения границ» понятия как физиологического, аффективного и когнитивного восстановления. Вторая задача обзора — предложить систематизированный взгляд на эмпирические показатели восстановления в связи с тем, что в современной исследовательской практике встречаются примеры смешивания связанных с восстановлением конструктов. Предложена категоризация показателей: объективные физиологические, объективные когнитивные, показатели шкал самоотчета об эмоциональных состояниях и чертах, показатели шкал самоотчета о восстановлении (актуальный/ре конструируемый восстановительный эффект, актуальный/реконструируемый восстановительный потенциал среды). Обзор может представлять интерес для исследователей психологических эффектов контактов с природой в русскоязычном контексте.","PeriodicalId":44468,"journal":{"name":"Psychology-Journal of the Higher School of Economics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81711474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-757-783
Е.В. Каширская, А.В. Хархурин
Вопрос становления и оценки гибких компетенций не теряет своей актуальности, несмотря на значительное число научных разработок по данной тематике. На практике учителя и сами учащиеся все еще сталкиваются с трудностями совмещения в едином учебном процессе двух векторов развития. С одной стороны, важна образовательная деятельность, нацеленная на освоение конкретных предметных знаний. С другой стороны — возможность развивать и отслеживать уровень прогресса в формировании значимых личностных и когнитивных навыков, связанных с коммуникативными аспектами, креативностью, гибкостью ума и критическим мышлением. В статье представлен компетентностный подход к системе образования в рамках новой обучающей системы «Ключи к полилингвальному, межкультурному и творческому образованию» (Plurilingual Intercultural Creative Keys; PICK). Это авторский подход к решению актуальной задачи формирования значимых гибких компетенций у детей и подростков. Проведен подробный теоретический анализ трех значимых компетенций — полилингвальной, межкультурной и креативной — через описание составляющих их знаний, навыков, личностных и деятельностных установок. Актуальность выбора именно этих трех компетенций определяется как практическими аспектами современной жизни, связанными с глобализацией, мультикультурализмом и нестабильностью, так и результатами эмпирических исследований, проводимых на протяжении последних 20 лет, которые доказали влияние многоязычной и межкультурной практики на формирование определенных когнитивных функций и личностных качеств, лежащих в основе творчества. Результатом исследований стала концепция полилингвальной креативности, где языковые и творческие практики рассматриваются как с позиции личности, включенной в эту деятельность, так и с позиции социокультурного контекста ее реализации.
{"title":"Компетентностный подход к системе образования в рамках обучающей системы pick","authors":"Е.В. Каширская, А.В. Хархурин","doi":"10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-757-783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-757-783","url":null,"abstract":"Вопрос становления и оценки гибких компетенций не теряет своей актуальности, несмотря на значительное число научных разработок по данной тематике. На практике учителя и сами учащиеся все еще сталкиваются с трудностями совмещения в едином учебном процессе двух векторов развития. С одной стороны, важна образовательная деятельность, нацеленная на освоение конкретных предметных знаний. С другой стороны — возможность развивать и отслеживать уровень прогресса в формировании значимых личностных и когнитивных навыков, связанных с коммуникативными аспектами, креативностью, гибкостью ума и критическим мышлением. В статье представлен компетентностный подход к системе образования в рамках новой обучающей системы «Ключи к полилингвальному, межкультурному и творческому образованию» (Plurilingual Intercultural Creative Keys; PICK). Это авторский подход к решению актуальной задачи формирования значимых гибких компетенций у детей и подростков. Проведен подробный теоретический анализ трех значимых компетенций — полилингвальной, межкультурной и креативной — через описание составляющих их знаний, навыков, личностных и деятельностных установок. Актуальность выбора именно этих трех компетенций определяется как практическими аспектами современной жизни, связанными с глобализацией, мультикультурализмом и нестабильностью, так и результатами эмпирических исследований, проводимых на протяжении последних 20 лет, которые доказали влияние многоязычной и межкультурной практики на формирование определенных когнитивных функций и личностных качеств, лежащих в основе творчества. Результатом исследований стала концепция полилингвальной креативности, где языковые и творческие практики рассматриваются как с позиции личности, включенной в эту деятельность, так и с позиции социокультурного контекста ее реализации.","PeriodicalId":44468,"journal":{"name":"Psychology-Journal of the Higher School of Economics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74404402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-725-735
O. Rubtsova
Incidental findings defined as valuable findings that are not searched purposely by the experts were originally discovered by radiologists. Despite the importance and great practical value of this phenomenon for visual search, it was almost not studied by cognitive psychologists and vision science experts. The current study aimed to examine experimentally incidental findings in visual search. The main objective was to clarify independence of incidental findings from subsequent search misses, another well-known visual search phenomenon. In order to do that, the standard experimental paradigm for detecting subsequent search misses was used. At the same time the stimuli material and tasks were created to closely fit the definition of incidental findings. The participants were asked to find the images of plastic bags and paper wastes (targets) among the images of leaves and snags (distractors) on the computer screen in a simulated “garbage collection” task. Their accuracy and reaction times were analyzed. Specifically, the trials with a single target were compared with dual-target trials. The findings revealed that subsequent search misses, but not incidental findings, were observed. The results suggest that incidental findings may be closely related to subsequent search misses. As well as that, the difficulty of the task, particularly induced by target-distractor similarity, may be one of the major factors leading to the emergence of subsequent search misses instead of incidental findings.
{"title":"Incidental findings in relation to subsequent search misses in visual search","authors":"O. Rubtsova","doi":"10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-725-735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-725-735","url":null,"abstract":"Incidental findings defined as valuable findings that are not searched purposely by the experts were originally discovered by radiologists. Despite the importance and great practical value of this phenomenon for visual search, it was almost not studied by cognitive psychologists and vision science experts. The current study aimed to examine experimentally incidental findings in visual search. The main objective was to clarify independence of incidental findings from subsequent search misses, another well-known visual search phenomenon. In order to do that, the standard experimental paradigm for detecting subsequent search misses was used. At the same time the stimuli material and tasks were created to closely fit the definition of incidental findings. The participants were asked to find the images of plastic bags and paper wastes (targets) among the images of leaves and snags (distractors) on the computer screen in a simulated “garbage collection” task. Their accuracy and reaction times were analyzed. Specifically, the trials with a single target were compared with dual-target trials. The findings revealed that subsequent search misses, but not incidental findings, were observed. The results suggest that incidental findings may be closely related to subsequent search misses. As well as that, the difficulty of the task, particularly induced by target-distractor similarity, may be one of the major factors leading to the emergence of subsequent search misses instead of incidental findings.","PeriodicalId":44468,"journal":{"name":"Psychology-Journal of the Higher School of Economics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82115037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-663-683
M. Farshchi
3D perception is a crucial ability for human existence in the environment. Numerous studies have been focused on the neural mechanisms that are at the core of perceiving 3D information. However, there is no clear consensus on the reported results due to the wide variety of utilized tasks, stimuli, and visual cues. This fMRI meta-analysis study aims to a) define which specific brain areas are more active in processing of different depth cues during perceiving 3D information across the neuroimaging studies, b) explore a map of the functional brain activation associated with perceiving 3D within the brain areas that have received little attention, and c) identify selective areas that are more sensitive to types of stimuli and task paradigms. Data from 26 experiments was included in an Activation Likelihood Estimation analysis (ALE). The findings revealed six clusters of activation including the bilateral occipital, bilateral temporal, right parietal, and left frontal areas associated with the processing of visual depth cues. The analyses of task types showed higher activation in the right precuneus, and the left middle, and inferior occipital gyri for the active judgment paradigm and the left fusiform gyrus for passive viewing. The results showed that the left fusiform gyrus is sensitive to static image stimuli. This study for the first time provides a concordant map of activation for the perception process of 3D (rather than 2D) and suggests that perceiving 3D requires increased brain resources.
{"title":"Neural substrates that maintain perceiving 3d information: an ale meta-analysis study","authors":"M. Farshchi","doi":"10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-663-683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-663-683","url":null,"abstract":"3D perception is a crucial ability for human existence in the environment. Numerous studies have been focused on the neural mechanisms that are at the core of perceiving 3D information. However, there is no clear consensus on the reported results due to the wide variety of utilized tasks, stimuli, and visual cues. This fMRI meta-analysis study aims to a) define which specific brain areas are more active in processing of different depth cues during perceiving 3D information across the neuroimaging studies, b) explore a map of the functional brain activation associated with perceiving 3D within the brain areas that have received little attention, and c) identify selective areas that are more sensitive to types of stimuli and task paradigms. Data from 26 experiments was included in an Activation Likelihood Estimation analysis (ALE). The findings revealed six clusters of activation including the bilateral occipital, bilateral temporal, right parietal, and left frontal areas associated with the processing of visual depth cues. The analyses of task types showed higher activation in the right precuneus, and the left middle, and inferior occipital gyri for the active judgment paradigm and the left fusiform gyrus for passive viewing. The results showed that the left fusiform gyrus is sensitive to static image stimuli. This study for the first time provides a concordant map of activation for the perception process of 3D (rather than 2D) and suggests that perceiving 3D requires increased brain resources.","PeriodicalId":44468,"journal":{"name":"Psychology-Journal of the Higher School of Economics","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90744394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-784-804
Н А Киселева, Виктория Галяпина
Статья посвящена изучению взаимосвязей индивидуальных ценностей респондентов с психосемантической оценкой визуального образа (на примере фотоизображения архитектурных изразцов Московского Кремля). В исследовании мы опирались на теорию ценностей Ш. Шварца (Schwartz, 1992), психосемантический подход (Артемьева, 1999) и социальнопсихологический подход к восприятию архитектурных объектов (Вырва, Леонтьев, 2015). Выборка составила 415 респондентов. Были применены опросник индивидуальных ценностей PVQ-R (Шварц и др., 2012) и авторский биполярный семантический дифференциал (на основе методик личностного семантического дифференциала Ч. Осгуда, Дж. Суси, П. Тан - ненбаума и архитектурного семантического дифференциала С.Э. Габидулиной (Осгуд и др., 1972; Габидулина, 2012). Результаты обрабатывались с помощью эксплораторного факторного и регрессионного анализов. Полученные данные показали, что фотоизображение изразца оценивается в позитивном ключе практически по всем шкалам семантического дифференциала. Выявлена пятифакторная психосемантическая структура образа изразца. Наибольший вес имеет фактор «Сильный», далее идут факторы «Неком - форт ный», «Пассивный», «Дружелюб ный», «Из вест ный». Обнаружены взаимосвязи индивидуальных ценностей респондентов с психосемантической оценкой фотоизображения изразца: ценности «Открытости изменениям» взаимосвязаны с восприятием изображения как «сильного» и «дружелюбного»; ценности «Сохранения» способствуют оценке фотоизображения на изразце как «сильного», «дружелюбного», «известного», но в то же время «пассивного»; ценности «Са мо - преодоления» положительно взаимосвязаны с восприятием изображения на изразце как «дружелюбного» и отрицательно — с восприятием его как «некомфортного». Взаи мо связей ценностей «Самоут верж де ния» с психосемантической оценкой изображения из разца не обнаружено. Новизна данной работы состоит в том, что впервые исследована психосемантическая оценка изображения архитектурных изразцов средневекового храма, являющихся феноменом традиционной русской культуры, а также выявлена роль в этом процессе индивидуальных ценностей респондентов. Полу - ченные результаты могут быть использованы в экскурсионно-туристической, образовательно-развивающей и духовно-просветительской деятельности, в урбанистике и планировании комфортных городских пространств, в художественном творчестве.
这篇文章的主题是研究受访者的个人价值观与对视觉图像的心理语义评估之间的关系。我们的研究基于Schwartz(1992年)、心理语义方法(1999年)和社会心理学方法(liontia, 2015年)。该样本有415名受访者。个人价值观调查PVQ-R(2012)和作者的双极语义差异(基于个人语义差异，j。苏希、p . tan - nenbaum和建筑语义差异c . e . gabidulina(1972年奥斯古等);габидулин,2012)。结果是通过实验因子和回归分析处理的。结果显示，伊兹兹的照片几乎在语义差异的所有尺度上都是积极的。israz图像的五个因素心理语义结构已经被发现。重量最大的因素是“强大”，然后是“被动堡垒”、“友爱”、“来自西方”。人们发现个人价值与对伊拉茨照片的心理语义评估有关:“开放变革”的价值与“强大”和“友好”的形象有关;“保存”的价值有助于将图片定义为“强大的”、“友好的”、“著名的”，但“被动的”;“sa - mo -克服”的价值与将图片描述为“友好”和“不舒服”联系在一起。在莫伊的价值观中，“朱特·维吉·德·尼娅”与拉扎的精神语义评估毫无关系。这项工作的新奇之处在于，首次对中世纪寺庙建筑版画的心理语义评估，这是俄罗斯传统文化的现象，并揭示了受访者个人价值过程中的作用。半部分成果可用于旅游、教育和精神教育活动、城市化和城市舒适空间规划、艺术创作。
{"title":"Взаимосвязь индивидуальных ценностей и психосемантической оценки изображений архитектурных храмовых изразцов","authors":"Н А Киселева, Виктория Галяпина","doi":"10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-784-804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1813-8918-2022-4-784-804","url":null,"abstract":"Статья посвящена изучению взаимосвязей индивидуальных ценностей респондентов с психосемантической оценкой визуального образа (на примере фотоизображения архитектурных изразцов Московского Кремля). В исследовании мы опирались на теорию ценностей Ш. Шварца (Schwartz, 1992), психосемантический подход (Артемьева, 1999) и социальнопсихологический подход к восприятию архитектурных объектов (Вырва, Леонтьев, 2015). Выборка составила 415 респондентов. Были применены опросник индивидуальных ценностей PVQ-R (Шварц и др., 2012) и авторский биполярный семантический дифференциал (на основе методик личностного семантического дифференциала Ч. Осгуда, Дж. Суси, П. Тан - ненбаума и архитектурного семантического дифференциала С.Э. Габидулиной (Осгуд и др., 1972; Габидулина, 2012). Результаты обрабатывались с помощью эксплораторного факторного и регрессионного анализов. Полученные данные показали, что фотоизображение изразца оценивается в позитивном ключе практически по всем шкалам семантического дифференциала. Выявлена пятифакторная психосемантическая структура образа изразца. Наибольший вес имеет фактор «Сильный», далее идут факторы «Неком - форт ный», «Пассивный», «Дружелюб ный», «Из вест ный». Обнаружены взаимосвязи индивидуальных ценностей респондентов с психосемантической оценкой фотоизображения изразца: ценности «Открытости изменениям» взаимосвязаны с восприятием изображения как «сильного» и «дружелюбного»; ценности «Сохранения» способствуют оценке фотоизображения на изразце как «сильного», «дружелюбного», «известного», но в то же время «пассивного»; ценности «Са мо - преодоления» положительно взаимосвязаны с восприятием изображения на изразце как «дружелюбного» и отрицательно — с восприятием его как «некомфортного». Взаи мо связей ценностей «Самоут верж де ния» с психосемантической оценкой изображения из разца не обнаружено. Новизна данной работы состоит в том, что впервые исследована психосемантическая оценка изображения архитектурных изразцов средневекового храма, являющихся феноменом традиционной русской культуры, а также выявлена роль в этом процессе индивидуальных ценностей респондентов. Полу - ченные результаты могут быть использованы в экскурсионно-туристической, образовательно-развивающей и духовно-просветительской деятельности, в урбанистике и планировании комфортных городских пространств, в художественном творчестве.","PeriodicalId":44468,"journal":{"name":"Psychology-Journal of the Higher School of Economics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88203827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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