: This paper examines the history of crossing the Sino-Chosŏn borders in various contexts. The evolution of border crossing can be traced from its origins as a political mission that was part of the diplomatic ritual to its later development as an economic circuit where individuals vied for profits, and finally to its status as a public program that carried significant weight in high-level politics. Throughout its history, border crossing was characterized by its dual nature, encompassing both ritual and mundane, exotic and domestic, national and international elements. It was emblematic of the ongoing interactions between China/Chinese and Korea/Koreans, and the flows of people and goods between them. These individuals and items were re-identified and re-categorized following their crossing of the borders, and the processes of identification and categorization shed light on the political dynamics of both countries.
{"title":"POLYPOROUS BOUNDARIES: BORDER CROSSING IN PRE-MODERN SINO-CHOSŎN RELATIONS","authors":"Z Ma","doi":"10.3176/tr.2023.4.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2023.4.03","url":null,"abstract":": This paper examines the history of crossing the Sino-Chosŏn borders in various contexts. The evolution of border crossing can be traced from its origins as a political mission that was part of the diplomatic ritual to its later development as an economic circuit where individuals vied for profits, and finally to its status as a public program that carried significant weight in high-level politics. Throughout its history, border crossing was characterized by its dual nature, encompassing both ritual and mundane, exotic and domestic, national and international elements. It was emblematic of the ongoing interactions between China/Chinese and Korea/Koreans, and the flows of people and goods between them. These individuals and items were re-identified and re-categorized following their crossing of the borders, and the processes of identification and categorization shed light on the political dynamics of both countries.","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A STUDY ON THE CHARACTERISTICS AND INHERITANCE OF CHINESE YAZHENG","authors":"X. Zhong","doi":"10.3176/tr.2023.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2023.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74911208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EXPLORING PARENTAL PERSPECTIVES ON ONLINE SEXUAL RISKS AND HARM","authors":"S. Eelmaa","doi":"10.3176/tr.2023.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2023.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76708870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. This article examines the historical context of public health in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Posen in Prussian-partitioned Poland of the mid-nineteenth century, focusing on the circus as a local entertainment attraction that could indirectly contribute to well-being and the physical and mental health of the Polish population. Non-reactive research methods used in historical sciences were applied to analyse archival materials related to the widely acclaimed Olympic circus of that era. The findings of the conducted research are press releases, particularly the note published in the local press on June 11, 1856. Circus performances, showcasing sports, culture, and human prowess, exemplified high physical culture levels, offering relaxing, imaginative, and sensory experiences. It is argued that through the performances of professional athletes, the circus promoted attitudes of self-development and the need to strive for set goals, especially important for the Poles in the context of their independence aspirations.
{"title":"PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH IMPROVEMENT IN THE GRAND DUCHY OF POSEN THROUGH THE OLYMPIC CIRCUS","authors":"M Rozmiarek","doi":"10.3176/tr.2023.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2023.4.04","url":null,"abstract":". This article examines the historical context of public health in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Posen in Prussian-partitioned Poland of the mid-nineteenth century, focusing on the circus as a local entertainment attraction that could indirectly contribute to well-being and the physical and mental health of the Polish population. Non-reactive research methods used in historical sciences were applied to analyse archival materials related to the widely acclaimed Olympic circus of that era. The findings of the conducted research are press releases, particularly the note published in the local press on June 11, 1856. Circus performances, showcasing sports, culture, and human prowess, exemplified high physical culture levels, offering relaxing, imaginative, and sensory experiences. It is argued that through the performances of professional athletes, the circus promoted attitudes of self-development and the need to strive for set goals, especially important for the Poles in the context of their independence aspirations.","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"367 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. This study focuses on how technical barriers to trade (TBT) are addressed in recent EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). We analyze the pre-and post-EPA trade policies and the contested issues in Japan from the viewpoint of European businesses. An eclectic theoretical approach is adopted to study the economic, political and social aspects of trade barriers. Whereas formal trade barriers, such as tariffs and codified non-tariff barriers are easily discernible, the subtler informal trade barriers derive from social norms that guide administrative practices and are hard to measure, and largely neglected in recent research. Based on expert interviews, policy documents, and European business surveys, we observe that the enforcement of EPA in Japan lags behind concerning certain TBTs such as standards, approvals and testing. The findings suggest that informal trade barriers, often linked with investment barriers, have a bearing in the theorization on trade policies and free trade agreements.
{"title":"THE EU-JAPAN EPA AND THE QUESTION OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL TRADE BARRIERS FOR EUROPEAN BUSINESSES IN JAPAN","authors":"E. Kettunen, C. Alvstam","doi":"10.3176/tr.2023.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2023.3.03","url":null,"abstract":". This study focuses on how technical barriers to trade (TBT) are addressed in recent EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). We analyze the pre-and post-EPA trade policies and the contested issues in Japan from the viewpoint of European businesses. An eclectic theoretical approach is adopted to study the economic, political and social aspects of trade barriers. Whereas formal trade barriers, such as tariffs and codified non-tariff barriers are easily discernible, the subtler informal trade barriers derive from social norms that guide administrative practices and are hard to measure, and largely neglected in recent research. Based on expert interviews, policy documents, and European business surveys, we observe that the enforcement of EPA in Japan lags behind concerning certain TBTs such as standards, approvals and testing. The findings suggest that informal trade barriers, often linked with investment barriers, have a bearing in the theorization on trade policies and free trade agreements.","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81670385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. This article analyses the problems of the traditional world views and beliefs of the Kazakh people. The main purpose of the article is to show the features of such cultural phenomena as ‘religious syncretism’ and ‘hybrid worldview’. The author pays attention to the cosmogonic and cosmological beliefs, the perception and feeling of place and time, religious consciousness and national identity, folk customs and traditions, cultural branding. The farming and cattle-breeding practices in the harsh climatic conditions of wide steppe spaces influenced the formation of a special type of culture and unique worldview. In the long history of the nomadic peoples who inhabited the Eurasian steppes, the history of the development of the religious worldview occupies a special place. Being in the crossroad of civilization, Central Asia has been a region of interaction between different world religious traditions, such as Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Christianity (in their earliest forms as Nestorianism), Maniсhaiesm, and Islam. However, the Kazakh people did not break ties with nature due to their way of life, so people’s beliefs and superstitions were based on the animistic, totemistic beliefs and magic. The author concludes that the cornerstone of the entire system of worldview was the faith in the opportunity to transform the world for the good of people’s traditions and it was reflected in the special rites, traditions, and practices.
{"title":"PRE-ISLAMIC WORLD VIEWS OF THE KAZAKH PEOPLE: FROM THE END OF THE 19TH TO THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY ","authors":"R Dosmurzinov","doi":"10.3176/tr.2023.4.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2023.4.06","url":null,"abstract":". This article analyses the problems of the traditional world views and beliefs of the Kazakh people. The main purpose of the article is to show the features of such cultural phenomena as ‘religious syncretism’ and ‘hybrid worldview’. The author pays attention to the cosmogonic and cosmological beliefs, the perception and feeling of place and time, religious consciousness and national identity, folk customs and traditions, cultural branding. The farming and cattle-breeding practices in the harsh climatic conditions of wide steppe spaces influenced the formation of a special type of culture and unique worldview. In the long history of the nomadic peoples who inhabited the Eurasian steppes, the history of the development of the religious worldview occupies a special place. Being in the crossroad of civilization, Central Asia has been a region of interaction between different world religious traditions, such as Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, Christianity (in their earliest forms as Nestorianism), Maniсhaiesm, and Islam. However, the Kazakh people did not break ties with nature due to their way of life, so people’s beliefs and superstitions were based on the animistic, totemistic beliefs and magic. The author concludes that the cornerstone of the entire system of worldview was the faith in the opportunity to transform the world for the good of people’s traditions and it was reflected in the special rites, traditions, and practices.","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Whistling was one of the early auditory and ideographic means of humans. As a unique cultural phenomenon, whistling had been spreading in China for a long time, and was once called ‘ xiao ’. It had even become an early religious magic and a way of keeping fit for alchemists and Taoists. This study will further elaborate that as a primitive form of musical expression, whistling has unique significance in its development process. Whistling is a casual and joyful art of music, and this pleasure comes from the pursuit of the spiritual realm triggered by whistling. On the one hand, whistling has the function of expressing personal emotions and lifting the mood; on the other hand, it can create a realm that is the unity of heaven and humanity. From an aesthetic perspective, whistling is not a simple skill, but a return to nature by humans.
{"title":"THE SPIRITUAL EXPLORATION OF THE WHISTLING ART IN CHINA","authors":"S Wang, Q Xiao","doi":"10.3176/tr.2023.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2023.4.05","url":null,"abstract":". Whistling was one of the early auditory and ideographic means of humans. As a unique cultural phenomenon, whistling had been spreading in China for a long time, and was once called ‘ xiao ’. It had even become an early religious magic and a way of keeping fit for alchemists and Taoists. This study will further elaborate that as a primitive form of musical expression, whistling has unique significance in its development process. Whistling is a casual and joyful art of music, and this pleasure comes from the pursuit of the spiritual realm triggered by whistling. On the one hand, whistling has the function of expressing personal emotions and lifting the mood; on the other hand, it can create a realm that is the unity of heaven and humanity. From an aesthetic perspective, whistling is not a simple skill, but a return to nature by humans.","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135448068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. The religious practices of ethnic Chinese business leaders make an interesting debate for exploring how leadership, ethics and perspective are seen because of the sharp distinction made between ‘before’ and ‘after’. Business ethics applied to economics and business has a long tradition. While Buddhism focuses on experientially based ethical consciousness to develop the business with self-responsibility, Christian faith and reason intertwine to bring about principles, criteria, and guidelines for action and a set of virtues with relevance for business activity. Therefore, we then examine how such religious practices in both Buddhist and Christian improve their business leadership with related human values embedded strongly in terms of an old (conservative) and new (rebirth/born again) personhood and they do so within a challenging, highly corrupt and business context. This article introduces Buddhist and Christian ethics to show how these religious practices discursively deconstruct their ‘old’ identities and construct their ‘new’ aspirational identities to expand ethical understanding and practice in Chinese business. Since research on ethnic Chinese business typically investigates the dominance attributed to specific ‘Chinese’ cultural values and strong intra-ethnic network, this paper provides different perspectives in order to make its contribution to the developments of both Buddhist and Christian ethics in the leading Chinese business practices as an ‘enhancer’ to increase expression in good business conduct.
{"title":"THE BUDDHIST AND CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVES ON BUSINESS ETHICS IN LEADING CHINESE BUSINESS PRACTICES","authors":"John Lee, Kean Yew, Jacob Donald Tan","doi":"10.3176/tr.2023.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2023.1.03","url":null,"abstract":". The religious practices of ethnic Chinese business leaders make an interesting debate for exploring how leadership, ethics and perspective are seen because of the sharp distinction made between ‘before’ and ‘after’. Business ethics applied to economics and business has a long tradition. While Buddhism focuses on experientially based ethical consciousness to develop the business with self-responsibility, Christian faith and reason intertwine to bring about principles, criteria, and guidelines for action and a set of virtues with relevance for business activity. Therefore, we then examine how such religious practices in both Buddhist and Christian improve their business leadership with related human values embedded strongly in terms of an old (conservative) and new (rebirth/born again) personhood and they do so within a challenging, highly corrupt and business context. This article introduces Buddhist and Christian ethics to show how these religious practices discursively deconstruct their ‘old’ identities and construct their ‘new’ aspirational identities to expand ethical understanding and practice in Chinese business. Since research on ethnic Chinese business typically investigates the dominance attributed to specific ‘Chinese’ cultural values and strong intra-ethnic network, this paper provides different perspectives in order to make its contribution to the developments of both Buddhist and Christian ethics in the leading Chinese business practices as an ‘enhancer’ to increase expression in good business conduct.","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"199 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83529567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SOFT POWER: ʻCUTE CULTURE’, A PERSUASIVE STRATEGY IN JAPANESE ADVERTISING","authors":"O-M Bîrlea","doi":"10.3176/tr.2023.3.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2023.3.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136217691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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