{"title":"META-ETHICAL DISAGREEMENTS","authors":"F. Orsi","doi":"10.3176/tr.2020.3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2020.3.09","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"113 1","pages":"423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78315156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"WESTERN IMAGE OF MUHAMMAD (PBUH) AS A PROPHET","authors":"S. S. Khan, T. Fahd","doi":"10.3176/tr.2020.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2020.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73944326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"WHAT KINDS OF DISAGREEMENT ARE INTROSPECTIVE DISPUTES?","authors":"B. Mölder","doi":"10.3176/tr.2020.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2020.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73277966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
If there is widespread disagreement in an intellectual community, are its members in some sense failing epistemically? In this paper, I will offer a reconstruction of the first sustained attempt to answer this question. The attempt is made in the Alcibiades, a dialogue attributed to Plato. There, Socrates argues that the disagreeing parties lack knowledge. I will offer a reconstruction of this argument. Socrates relies on a controversial premiss according to which systematic and persistent disagreement within a group is an indication that its individual members lack knowledge. This claim rests on an optimistic assumption, explicit in the Alcibiades, that a person who possesses knowledge in a domain is able to persuade the audience and bring it to an agreement with the speaker. Knowledge, if present, spreads within the community unobstructed.
{"title":"DISAGREEMENT AND KNOWLEDGE: THE CASE OF PLATO’S ALCIBIADES","authors":"T. Lott","doi":"10.3176/tr.2020.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2020.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"If there is widespread disagreement in an intellectual community, are its members in some sense failing epistemically? In this paper, I will offer a reconstruction of the first sustained attempt to answer this question. The attempt is made in the Alcibiades, a dialogue attributed to Plato. There, Socrates argues that the disagreeing parties lack knowledge. I will offer a reconstruction of this argument. Socrates relies on a controversial premiss according to which systematic and persistent disagreement within a group is an indication that its individual members lack knowledge. This claim rests on an optimistic assumption, explicit in the Alcibiades, that a person who possesses knowledge in a domain is able to persuade the audience and bring it to an agreement with the speaker. Knowledge, if present, spreads within the community unobstructed.","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73534132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research article deals with the particular example of Russian information warfare in the Czech Republic’s disinformation media. It aims to contribute to the debate about immoral, non-traditional and anomic society narratives used by Russian information warfare actors. The study focuses on such media’s framing of the Norwegian children social welfare system. The study aims to explain which typical Russian information warfare narratives were used in the Czech Republic. Using a content analysis with open and axial sociological coding, general narratives were identified. Then, the article focused on the emerging sub-narratives and their characteristics. The narrative of fascism/Nazism appeared to be very straightforward, it also used some Czech society specific sub-narratives. Narratives of twisted sexuality appeared to be the most uniform. Finally, the narrative of neo-Marxist policy has shown to be mostly using expressions such as social engineering and negative framing of modern left ideologies.
{"title":"“BARNEVERNET STEALS CHILDREN” AN ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN INFORMATION WARFARE NARRATIVES IN THE CZECH DISINFORMATION MEDIA","authors":"M. Pavlíková, M. Mareš","doi":"10.3176/tr.2020.4.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2020.4.07","url":null,"abstract":"The research article deals with the particular example of Russian information warfare in the Czech Republic’s disinformation media. It aims to contribute to the debate about immoral, non-traditional and anomic society narratives used by Russian information warfare actors. The study focuses on such media’s framing of the Norwegian children social welfare system. The study aims to explain which typical Russian information warfare narratives were used in the Czech Republic. Using a content analysis with open and axial sociological coding, general narratives were identified. Then, the article focused on the emerging sub-narratives and their characteristics. The narrative of fascism/Nazism appeared to be very straightforward, it also used some Czech society specific sub-narratives. Narratives of twisted sexuality appeared to be the most uniform. Finally, the narrative of neo-Marxist policy has shown to be mostly using expressions such as social engineering and negative framing of modern left ideologies.","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91089118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRACY: FROM THE TIANANMEN SQUARE TO TIMISOARA","authors":"L. Szabo","doi":"10.3176/tr.2020.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2020.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"92 1","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80431001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sana Younas, A. Kamal, Fazaila Sabih, Asia Mushtaq
Piri-Muridi is a socio-psychological phenomenon that is deeply rooted in our region. The current study is an endeavor to explore the various reasons that compel people to visit Pirs (holy men) with special socio-psychological perspective within Pakistani society. To accomplish this objective, 431 participants were recruited from various areas of the country. Individuals belonged to different educational backgrounds and had diverse professional statuses. The participation of men was (n = 218) and that of women was (n = 195). Age of participants ranged from 18 to 73 years (M = 30.38, SD = 10.74). It was found by the study that participants visit Pirs for learning and acquiring guidance (33.41%), also for the clarification of everyday life problems (29.78%). In the category of learning and guidance, 42.13% participants stated that it is the attainment of religious education that people acquire from Pirs. 38.74% reported that people visit Pirs for getting spiritual education. While 14.77% participants reported that it is the need to gain worldly education and less than 2% people reported that it is not the attainment of education or guidance that people seek from Pirs, rather it is black magic that people learn to harm others. Among the category of clarification of problems, the highest frequency was reported for curing of spiritual problems (54.47%) followed by social problems (33.65%), economic problems (32.44%), psychological problems (29.78%) and health related problems (28.08%) respectively. Interview reporting by Murids (n =5), strong believers (n =5), situational believers (n = 5), and non-believers of Piri-Muridi (n =5) were also given. The present study is useful for making the theoretical foundations for future studies. Moreover, future researchers should utilize both qualitative and quantitative approaches to explore the widespread roots of Piri-Muridi.
{"title":"A SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY OF PIRI-MURIDI","authors":"Sana Younas, A. Kamal, Fazaila Sabih, Asia Mushtaq","doi":"10.3176/tr.2020.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2020.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Piri-Muridi is a socio-psychological phenomenon that is deeply rooted in our region. The current study is an endeavor to explore the various reasons that compel people to visit Pirs (holy men) with special socio-psychological perspective within Pakistani society. To accomplish this objective, 431 participants were recruited from various areas of the country. Individuals belonged to different educational backgrounds and had diverse professional statuses. The participation of men was (n = 218) and that of women was (n = 195). Age of participants ranged from 18 to 73 years (M = 30.38, SD = 10.74). It was found by the study that participants visit Pirs for learning and acquiring guidance (33.41%), also for the clarification of everyday life problems (29.78%). In the category of learning and guidance, 42.13% participants stated that it is the attainment of religious education that people acquire from Pirs. 38.74% reported that people visit Pirs for getting spiritual education. While 14.77% participants reported that it is the need to gain worldly education and less than 2% people reported that it is not the attainment of education or guidance that people seek from Pirs, rather it is black magic that people learn to harm others. Among the category of clarification of problems, the highest frequency was reported for curing of spiritual problems (54.47%) followed by social problems (33.65%), economic problems (32.44%), psychological problems (29.78%) and health related problems (28.08%) respectively. Interview reporting by Murids (n =5), strong believers (n =5), situational believers (n = 5), and non-believers of Piri-Muridi (n =5) were also given. The present study is useful for making the theoretical foundations for future studies. Moreover, future researchers should utilize both qualitative and quantitative approaches to explore the widespread roots of Piri-Muridi.","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80768482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A TYRANT ON THE THRONE: PHOCAS THE USURPER, AND THE COLLAPSE OF THE EASTERN FRONTIER","authors":"S. Konuk","doi":"10.3176/tr.2020.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2020.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73565978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims at analysing how highly educated professionals cope with technological and social acceleration. To explore the emerging patterns of time-based stratification we use an empirical model of personal time-use capability based on the data from a representative survey conducted in 2014 among the Estonian population aged 15–79 (N=1,503) and focus groups conducted in 2017–2018 among three generations of academic professionals (n=24). The mixed-method analysis revealed a multidimensional pattern of socio-demographic, life-course and agency-related factors influencing individual time-use capability and the related set of practices and attitudes. Our findings confirm the assumed importance of age-related factors: the youngest professionals (born 1989–1994) tend to be most flexible, and the middle-aged (born 1969–1974) most efficient, in developing timeuse strategies to cope with social acceleration, while the oldest (born 1949–1954) win the least from rapid developments. In general, highly educated professionals collectively serve as agents of social acceleration.
{"title":"PERSONAL TIME CAPITAL IN THE DIGITAL SOCIETY: AN ALTERNATIVE LOOK AT SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AMONG THREE GENERATIONS OF HIGHLY SKILLED PROFESSIONALS IN ESTONIA","authors":"Veronika Kalmus, Signe Opermann","doi":"10.3176/tr.2020.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2020.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims at analysing how highly educated professionals cope with technological and social acceleration. To explore the emerging patterns of time-based stratification we use an empirical model of personal time-use capability based on the data from a representative survey conducted in 2014 among the Estonian population aged 15–79 (N=1,503) and focus groups conducted in 2017–2018 among three generations of academic professionals (n=24). The mixed-method analysis revealed a multidimensional pattern of socio-demographic, life-course and agency-related factors influencing individual time-use capability and the related set of practices and attitudes. Our findings confirm the assumed importance of age-related factors: the youngest professionals (born 1989–1994) tend to be most flexible, and the middle-aged (born 1969–1974) most efficient, in developing timeuse strategies to cope with social acceleration, while the oldest (born 1949–1954) win the least from rapid developments. In general, highly educated professionals collectively serve as agents of social acceleration.","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74470759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. To say that a philosophical dispute is ‘merely verbal’ seems to be an important diagnosis. If that diagnosis is correct for a particular dispute, then the right thing to do would be to declare that dispute to be over. The topic of what the disputing parties were fighting over was just a pseudo-problem (thus not really a problem), or at least – if there is a sense in which also merely verbal disputes indicate some problem, for example, insufficient clarity of terminology – this problem is not substantial, or not as substantial as the disputing parties believed their problem initially to be. In this paper I will try to clarify what it means if we diagnose that two arguing parties are having a merely verbal dispute.
{"title":"VERBAL DISPUTES AND DEEP CONCEPTUAL DISAGREEMENTS","authors":"Daniel Cohnitz","doi":"10.3176/tr.2020.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3176/tr.2020.3.02","url":null,"abstract":". To say that a philosophical dispute is ‘merely verbal’ seems to be an important diagnosis. If that diagnosis is correct for a particular dispute, then the right thing to do would be to declare that dispute to be over. The topic of what the disputing parties were fighting over was just a pseudo-problem (thus not really a problem), or at least – if there is a sense in which also merely verbal disputes indicate some problem, for example, insufficient clarity of terminology – this problem is not substantial, or not as substantial as the disputing parties believed their problem initially to be. In this paper I will try to clarify what it means if we diagnose that two arguing parties are having a merely verbal dispute.","PeriodicalId":44498,"journal":{"name":"Trames-Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80181384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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