The present paper deals with forced migration experienced by subjects of the Byzantine Empire captured by foreign enemies in the context of warfare between the seventh and the tenth centuries. The focus of the first part is on the scenarios faced by individuals and groups when an enemy had taken control of a settlement or a larger territory. The second part discusses aspects of the role social status and gender played in the process of being taken over and then (possibly but not necessarily) held in captivity. Although one can trace similarities in the way captors treated their captives on different occasions, an overgeneralizing approach can prove misleading, distracting us from the dynamics of the consequences that war and abduction had on both the agency of the victor and the fate of the loser in the early Middle Ages.
{"title":"In enemy hands: the Byzantine experience of captivity between the seventh and tenth centuries","authors":"Grigori Simeonov","doi":"10.1111/emed.12642","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12642","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present paper deals with forced migration experienced by subjects of the Byzantine Empire captured by foreign enemies in the context of warfare between the seventh and the tenth centuries. The focus of the first part is on the scenarios faced by individuals and groups when an enemy had taken control of a settlement or a larger territory. The second part discusses aspects of the role social status and gender played in the process of being taken over and then (possibly but not necessarily) held in captivity. Although one can trace similarities in the way captors treated their captives on different occasions, an overgeneralizing approach can prove misleading, distracting us from the dynamics of the consequences that war and abduction had on both the agency of the victor and the fate of the loser in the early Middle Ages.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 3","pages":"430-458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41935015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article underlines the importance of approaching written sources for what they are: authorial constructs. This is true also for depictions of mobility and migration. Byzantine authors instrumentalized these for their own purposes beyond the event at hand. Authorial focus, along with the requirements of the chosen literary genre, is also the reason for the different scales of actors that appear in these texts, whether large blurry masses of nameless people, smaller groups with a distinct profile, or finely drawn individuals.
{"title":"Mobility and migration in Byzantium: who gets to tell the story?","authors":"Claudia Rapp","doi":"10.1111/emed.12641","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12641","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article underlines the importance of approaching written sources for what they are: authorial constructs. This is true also for depictions of mobility and migration. Byzantine authors instrumentalized these for their own purposes beyond the event at hand. Authorial focus, along with the requirements of the chosen literary genre, is also the reason for the different scales of actors that appear in these texts, whether large blurry masses of nameless people, smaller groups with a distinct profile, or finely drawn individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 3","pages":"360-379"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12641","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47522563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates stories of holiness which have ascetics or monastics as their hero(in)es and which develop based on a careful interlocking of two concepts: wanderings in urban or desert environments and self-confinement in enclosed or secluded spaces. Through a close reading of two saints’ Lives (i.e., the Life of Mary of Egypt and the Life of Matrona of Perge) dating to the early and middle Byzantine periods, the present analysis uncovers the tripartite relationship between movement, confinement, and spiritual advancement from a literary-narrative point of view, thus deepening our understanding of asceticism and monasticism in Byzantine contexts.
{"title":"Saints’ mobility and confinement: deconstructing Byzantine stories of (fe)male ascetics and monastics","authors":"Christodoulos Papavarnavas","doi":"10.1111/emed.12643","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12643","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article investigates stories of holiness which have ascetics or monastics as their hero(in)es and which develop based on a careful interlocking of two concepts: wanderings in urban or desert environments and self-confinement in enclosed or secluded spaces. Through a close reading of two saints’ <i>Lives</i> (i.e., the <i>Life of Mary of Egypt</i> and the <i>Life of Matrona of Perge</i>) dating to the early and middle Byzantine periods, the present analysis uncovers the tripartite relationship between movement, confinement, and spiritual advancement from a literary-narrative point of view, thus deepening our understanding of asceticism and monasticism in Byzantine contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 3","pages":"459-480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46897834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last two decades, historians researching the seventh century ce have increasingly emphasized mobility, communications and connectivity across the Mediterranean world that supposedly included close contacts between the Franks and Byzantium. These studies, however, rely often on optimistic, maximum interpretations of the comparatively sparse source base, and have not always precisely distinguished between different forms of mobility and connectivity. This article argues that a closer examination of the actual cultural and political consequences of mobility and contact between Byzantium and Gaul is required, and that the possibility of discontinuity and disintegration should not be disregarded. In our reading of the sources, we deliberately adopt a sceptical, methodologically cautious minimal position: the textual sources can be interpreted as showing that, while individual, sporadic contacts across the Mediterranean continued to exist, there was no established, continuous practice of communications between Byzantium and Gaul.
{"title":"Qualifying Mediterranean connectivity: Byzantium and the Franks during the seventh century","authors":"Mischa Meier, Steffen Patzold","doi":"10.1111/emed.12644","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12644","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the last two decades, historians researching the seventh century <span>ce</span> have increasingly emphasized mobility, communications and connectivity across the Mediterranean world that supposedly included close contacts between the Franks and Byzantium. These studies, however, rely often on optimistic, maximum interpretations of the comparatively sparse source base, and have not always precisely distinguished between different forms of mobility and connectivity. This article argues that a closer examination of the actual cultural and political consequences of mobility and contact between Byzantium and Gaul is required, and that the possibility of discontinuity and disintegration should not be disregarded. In our reading of the sources, we deliberately adopt a sceptical, methodologically cautious minimal position: the textual sources can be interpreted as showing that, while individual, sporadic contacts across the Mediterranean continued to exist, there was no established, continuous practice of communications between Byzantium and Gaul.</p>","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 3","pages":"380-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/emed.12644","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42845978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conflict and Violence in Medieval Italy 568–1154. Edited by Christopher Heath and Robert Houghton. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. 2021. 344 pp. €115. ISBN 9 789 46298517 9.","authors":"James Norrie","doi":"10.1111/emed.12660","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12660","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 3","pages":"511-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43736148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mapping Death: Burial in Late Iron Age and Early Medieval Ireland. By Elizabeth O’Brien. Dublin, Four Courts Press. xiv + 289 pp. with 74 figures, 25 colour plates, 8 maps. €55. ISBN 978 1 84682 859 1 (hardback).","authors":"Roy Flechner","doi":"10.1111/emed.12654","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12654","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 3","pages":"525-528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43931129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Settlements and Strongholds in Early Medieval England: Texts, Landscapes, and Material Culture. By Michael D.J. Bintley. Studies in the Early Middle Ages 45. Turnhout: Brepols. 2020. 231 pp. €80. ISBN 978 2 503 58384 6.","authors":"Nicole Guenther Discenza","doi":"10.1111/emed.12656","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12656","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 3","pages":"495-497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48282879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Manuscripts of Leo the Great’s Letters. The Transmission and Reception of Papal Documents in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. By Matthew J.J. Hoskin. Instrumenta patristica et mediaevalia 83. Turnhout: Brepols. 2022. 516 pp. ISBN 987 2 503 58966 4; e-ISBN 978 2 503 58967 1.","authors":"Rosamond McKitterick","doi":"10.1111/emed.12666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12666","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 3","pages":"514-517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50120177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Politics of Sanctity: Figurative Sculpture at Selles-sur-Cher. By Deborah Kahn. VISTAS: New Scholarship on Sculpture. London and Turnhout: Harvey Miller Publishers. 2020. 272 pp. + 6 b/w and 10 colour figures + 31 b/w and 200 colour photographs. €125. ISBN 978 1 912554 36 2.","authors":"Niall Ó Súilleabháin","doi":"10.1111/emed.12657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/emed.12657","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 3","pages":"519-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50139968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Couples et conjugalité au haut Moyen Âge (VIe–XIIe siècles). By Emanuelle Santinelli-Foltz. Collection haut Moyen Âge 43. Turnhout: Brepols. 2022. 411 pp. €95. ISBN 9782503595030 (paperback); 9782503595047 (e-book).","authors":"Ruth Mazo Karras","doi":"10.1111/emed.12653","DOIUrl":"10.1111/emed.12653","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44508,"journal":{"name":"Early Medieval Europe","volume":"31 3","pages":"532-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45444341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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