The present work deals with assessment of tensile strength, hardness, fracture behavior and microstructural changes in welded Al-6061 plates. MIG welding has been done with filler rod whereas no filler metal has been applied during TIG welding for comparing the results with FSW, a filler-less solid-state welding. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of MIGW sample has been found 75% and 111% higher than that of FSW and TIGW samples respectively. Also, the elongation shown by MIG joint is nearly 50% higher than that of other two welds. The tensile properties of two non-filler welds, i.e., FSW and TIG have been found similar. The fractography results have established the ductile behavior of all the three joints. The primary phase (bright Al-grains) of base metal zone (BM) with thin solid boundary has changed into thick dendritic shapes in the welded zone (WZ). Also, the coarse secondary phase of BM has converted into fine particle in WZ under the influence of rapid cooling. The WZ has been reported harder than HAZ in MIG and FSW plates whereas the HAZ of TIGW plate has been found harder than WZ due to accumulation of fine equiaxed secondary phase.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AMONG THE WELDED Al-6061 PLATES JOINED BY FSW, MIG AND TIG WELDING METHODS","authors":"Aaluri Praveen Reddy, Saurabh Dewangan","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.2.1778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.2.1778","url":null,"abstract":"The present work deals with assessment of tensile strength, hardness, fracture behavior and microstructural changes in welded Al-6061 plates. MIG welding has been done with filler rod whereas no filler metal has been applied during TIG welding for comparing the results with FSW, a filler-less solid-state welding. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of MIGW sample has been found 75% and 111% higher than that of FSW and TIGW samples respectively. Also, the elongation shown by MIG joint is nearly 50% higher than that of other two welds. The tensile properties of two non-filler welds, i.e., FSW and TIG have been found similar. The fractography results have established the ductile behavior of all the three joints. The primary phase (bright Al-grains) of base metal zone (BM) with thin solid boundary has changed into thick dendritic shapes in the welded zone (WZ). Also, the coarse secondary phase of BM has converted into fine particle in WZ under the influence of rapid cooling. The WZ has been reported harder than HAZ in MIG and FSW plates whereas the HAZ of TIGW plate has been found harder than WZ due to accumulation of fine equiaxed secondary phase. ","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49261816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ammar JABBAR HASSAN, B. Cheniti, B. Belkessa, T. Boukharouba, D. Miroud, N. Titouche
The present study investigates the metallurgical behavior of direct-drive friction-welded (DDFW) joints for high Cr, Ni, and Mo steel (AISI 316). Macro-microscopic, microhardness, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted. The results for the macroscopic view showed that the narrow welding center did not exceed 600 µm and there were no macro cracks or defects, indicating a uniform structure. The microstructure exhibited a significant welded joint interface with microcavities and a grain refinement of 10 µm, about three times smaller than the grain size of AISI 316, due to the creation of a highly plastically deformed zone (HPDZ), while the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) formed in the neighboring area with a grain growth of about 100 µm, relatively enlarged three times compared to AISI 316 and time time related HPDZ. Thus, the high level of microhardness was investigated at the welding center and low values in the neighboring area were caused by the formation of the HPDZ and TMAZ, respectively. XRD also illustrated the concentration of gamma iron at the 111 level due to the grain refinement resulting from high plastic deformation.
{"title":"Metallurgical investigation of direct drive friction welded joint for austenitic stainless steel (AISI 316)","authors":"Ammar JABBAR HASSAN, B. Cheniti, B. Belkessa, T. Boukharouba, D. Miroud, N. Titouche","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.2.1802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.2.1802","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the metallurgical behavior of direct-drive friction-welded (DDFW) joints for high Cr, Ni, and Mo steel (AISI 316). Macro-microscopic, microhardness, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were conducted. The results for the macroscopic view showed that the narrow welding center did not exceed 600 µm and there were no macro cracks or defects, indicating a uniform structure. The microstructure exhibited a significant welded joint interface with microcavities and a grain refinement of 10 µm, about three times smaller than the grain size of AISI 316, due to the creation of a highly plastically deformed zone (HPDZ), while the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) formed in the neighboring area with a grain growth of about 100 µm, relatively enlarged three times compared to AISI 316 and time time related HPDZ. Thus, the high level of microhardness was investigated at the welding center and low values in the neighboring area were caused by the formation of the HPDZ and TMAZ, respectively. XRD also illustrated the concentration of gamma iron at the 111 level due to the grain refinement resulting from high plastic deformation.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69625320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Septian Adi Chandra, R. Roberto, Dedi Pria Utama, Dhany Zulkarnain, Delfiarina Salsabila Putri Bratawan, Mila Saprila Suherman, Annisfiah Gayatri, A. Tjahjono, Muhammad Yunan Hasbi, S. Dwi Yudanto
The Mg2Si intermetallic alloys have been prepared by using a powder metallurgy process. The milling treatment of silicon powder as a raw material to improve the formation of the Mg2Si phase was investigated in this research. The un-milled and milled silicon powder was mixed with magnesium powder and milled for 2 hours. The milled powders were compacted in stainless steel tubes and sintered at 500 and 600°C for 6 hours. The phase formation and crystal structure were identified using the X-ray diffractometer (XRD), while the fracture surface was observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD results show that the Mg2Si phase is the dominant phase, with the highest mass fraction of 86.31%. The lattice parameter calculated from the Mg2Si cubic phase is 0.6355 nm. As a result, we might derive the conclusion that the Mg2Si intermetallic alloys can be produced with atmospheric mechanical milling under air and powder sintering techniques in a tube.
{"title":"Mg2Si INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS: PHASE GROWTH AND MICROSTRUCTURE","authors":"Septian Adi Chandra, R. Roberto, Dedi Pria Utama, Dhany Zulkarnain, Delfiarina Salsabila Putri Bratawan, Mila Saprila Suherman, Annisfiah Gayatri, A. Tjahjono, Muhammad Yunan Hasbi, S. Dwi Yudanto","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.2.1840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.2.1840","url":null,"abstract":"The Mg2Si intermetallic alloys have been prepared by using a powder metallurgy process. The milling treatment of silicon powder as a raw material to improve the formation of the Mg2Si phase was investigated in this research. The un-milled and milled silicon powder was mixed with magnesium powder and milled for 2 hours. The milled powders were compacted in stainless steel tubes and sintered at 500 and 600°C for 6 hours. The phase formation and crystal structure were identified using the X-ray diffractometer (XRD), while the fracture surface was observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD results show that the Mg2Si phase is the dominant phase, with the highest mass fraction of 86.31%. The lattice parameter calculated from the Mg2Si cubic phase is 0.6355 nm. As a result, we might derive the conclusion that the Mg2Si intermetallic alloys can be produced with atmospheric mechanical milling under air and powder sintering techniques in a tube.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43704572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the methodological basis for creating a model system for selecting the optimum composition of blast furnace burden, providing the required technical and economic performance and the melting of pig iron of the required composition. The system implements a new systematic approach to modeling the processes of directed formation of blast-furnace melts. Description of composition and properties of metallurgical systems in different states is based on an original concept of directional chemical bonding using integral parameters of interatomic interaction of components in the system. The developed complex of mathematical and physical-chemical models and criteria provides a solution to the direct problem of predicting the composition of pig iron and properties of blast furnace slag, depending on burden and technological conditions. Determination of the optimal burden composition is carried out using vector optimization methods with mandatory verification of compliance with the technological requirements of high-temperature properties of the burden. The results of testing the model system on actual industrial data of blast furnace operation are illustrated, which made it possible to formulate recommendations on the composition of the loaded feed, taking into account the available raw material and energy resources.
{"title":"MODEL DECISION-MAKING SYSTEM IN THE TASK OF CHOOSING THE OPTIMAL COMPOSITION OF THE BLAST FURNACE BURDEN UNDER SPECIFIC OPERATING CONDITIONS OF BF","authors":"A. Belkova, Daria Togobitska, D. Stepanenko","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.2.1764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.2.1764","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the methodological basis for creating a model system for selecting the optimum composition of blast furnace burden, providing the required technical and economic performance and the melting of pig iron of the required composition. The system implements a new systematic approach to modeling the processes of directed formation of blast-furnace melts. Description of composition and properties of metallurgical systems in different states is based on an original concept of directional chemical bonding using integral parameters of interatomic interaction of components in the system. The developed complex of mathematical and physical-chemical models and criteria provides a solution to the direct problem of predicting the composition of pig iron and properties of blast furnace slag, depending on burden and technological conditions. Determination of the optimal burden composition is carried out using vector optimization methods with mandatory verification of compliance with the technological requirements of high-temperature properties of the burden. The results of testing the model system on actual industrial data of blast furnace operation are illustrated, which made it possible to formulate recommendations on the composition of the loaded feed, taking into account the available raw material and energy resources.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69625302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trung Van Trinh, Son Anh Nguyen, K. Pham, C. Seidel, A. H. Pham, Cuong Nhu Phung
AISI H13 steel samples were additively manufactured using a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) system. The effect of annealing tem-perature, quenching & tempering, and nitriding were determined. The microstructure and properties of the samples were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, electron probe micro-analysis, X-ray diffraction, roughness measurement, and a hardness tester. The results show that the as-built AISI H13 steel sample had a roughness on the surface and pores inside. The microstructure consisted of martensite and retained austenite. The average hardness was 460 HV, and the porosity was 0.086 %. The annealing process helped homogenize the microstructure, increase the density, and reduce the porosity and hardness of the LPBF-manufactured sample. The quenching process helped increase the hardness of the steel to the maximum of 787 HV, then the tempering process reduced the hardness to 572 HV. Heat treatment and nitriding processes tended to increase the martensite block size, reduce the retained austenitic content, and precipitate the V-Mo-rich carbide in the LPBF-manufactured AISI H13 steel. After nitriding was conducted, the nitriding case depth was 87 um, and the surface hardness increased up to higher than 1020 HV due to the formation of CrN and Fe3-4N.
{"title":"CHANGE IN MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED AISI H13 STEEL BY HEAT TREATMENT AND NITRIDING PROCESSES","authors":"Trung Van Trinh, Son Anh Nguyen, K. Pham, C. Seidel, A. H. Pham, Cuong Nhu Phung","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.2.1790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.2.1790","url":null,"abstract":"AISI H13 steel samples were additively manufactured using a laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) system. The effect of annealing tem-perature, quenching & tempering, and nitriding were determined. The microstructure and properties of the samples were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattered diffraction, electron probe micro-analysis, X-ray diffraction, roughness measurement, and a hardness tester. The results show that the as-built AISI H13 steel sample had a roughness on the surface and pores inside. The microstructure consisted of martensite and retained austenite. The average hardness was 460 HV, and the porosity was 0.086 %. The annealing process helped homogenize the microstructure, increase the density, and reduce the porosity and hardness of the LPBF-manufactured sample. The quenching process helped increase the hardness of the steel to the maximum of 787 HV, then the tempering process reduced the hardness to 572 HV. Heat treatment and nitriding processes tended to increase the martensite block size, reduce the retained austenitic content, and precipitate the V-Mo-rich carbide in the LPBF-manufactured AISI H13 steel. After nitriding was conducted, the nitriding case depth was 87 um, and the surface hardness increased up to higher than 1020 HV due to the formation of CrN and Fe3-4N.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43835265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ľ. Kaščák, J. Varga, J. Bidulská, R. Bidulský, M. Grande
Simulation tools play an important role not only in terms of understanding the processes taking place in the production, and the possibility to prevent failures, but ultimately, and most importantly, to optimize the production process. Thus, simulation tools should be able to work with many input parameters. The processes in which many parameters influence the final quality of the part, and its properties is metal additive manufacturing (AM). The volume of support material used in the metal AM process is also of importance, as its reduction plays an important role in terms of cost-effectiveness, which can be increased by minimizing support structures. The paper deals with the numerical simulation of the metal AM process. The simulation analyses with the same input parameters were performed, comparing each other the support material distribution, volume fraction or shape deviation with respect to the conventional support generation method and the function allowing the support generation by means of the optimization mode. Less variation in the shape of the part, variation in its volume fraction, variation in the density of the generated support structures as well as variation in the spacing of the generated support structure was achieved by using the support generation optimization mode.
{"title":"SIMULATION TOOL FOR MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR PREDICTION IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING","authors":"Ľ. Kaščák, J. Varga, J. Bidulská, R. Bidulský, M. Grande","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.2.1846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.2.1846","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation tools play an important role not only in terms of understanding the processes taking place in the production, and the possibility to prevent failures, but ultimately, and most importantly, to optimize the production process. Thus, simulation tools should be able to work with many input parameters. The processes in which many parameters influence the final quality of the part, and its properties is metal additive manufacturing (AM). The volume of support material used in the metal AM process is also of importance, as its reduction plays an important role in terms of cost-effectiveness, which can be increased by minimizing support structures. The paper deals with the numerical simulation of the metal AM process. The simulation analyses with the same input parameters were performed, comparing each other the support material distribution, volume fraction or shape deviation with respect to the conventional support generation method and the function allowing the support generation by means of the optimization mode. Less variation in the shape of the part, variation in its volume fraction, variation in the density of the generated support structures as well as variation in the spacing of the generated support structure was achieved by using the support generation optimization mode.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46538609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ambali, O. A. Oyelaran, Bukola Olalekan Bolaji, I. Abdulmalik, Olayiwola Abdulrafiu Suleiman, Usman Hamza Ibrahim
The literature revealed that composites developed through stir casting process suffer some limitations such as low wettability and insufficient bonding between the molten Al and SiCp and the formation of aluminium carbide (Al4C3) at the interface which degrades mechanical performances of the composites. To overcome these challenges, this study used magnesium for improved wettability, heat treatment of reinforcement particles (SiCp) and application of metallic (SiO2) coating on the SiCp before addition to melt to improve Al-SiCp wettability in the manufacture of Al-2.5%Mg/xSiCp composites. The SiCp coating reduce direct interaction and promote wetting between SiCp and molten Al to developed Al-2.5%Mg/xSiCp composites. The percentage weight of SiCp varied from 5 wt% to 20 wt% (uncoated and coated) at 5 % intervals. The mechanical properties tests were conducted to examined the effects of coating and variation of volume percentage of SiCp on the composites developed. The results obtained showed that the reinforced alloy with both uncoated and coated SiCp performed favorably well compared to the control sample with 0% SiCp. The improvement of interfacial strength was observed in the composites developed with coated SiCp as the coating of SiCp enhanced its diffusion with Al-2.5%Mg.
{"title":"Effect of SiO2 Surface Oxidation Coating of Silicon Carbide Particles Reinforcement on the Mechanical Properties of Al-2.5%Mg/xSiCp Developed by Stir Casting Method","authors":"A. Ambali, O. A. Oyelaran, Bukola Olalekan Bolaji, I. Abdulmalik, Olayiwola Abdulrafiu Suleiman, Usman Hamza Ibrahim","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.1.1692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.1.1692","url":null,"abstract":"The literature revealed that composites developed through stir casting process suffer some limitations such as low wettability and insufficient bonding between the molten Al and SiCp and the formation of aluminium carbide (Al4C3) at the interface which degrades mechanical performances of the composites. To overcome these challenges, this study used magnesium for improved wettability, heat treatment of reinforcement particles (SiCp) and application of metallic (SiO2) coating on the SiCp before addition to melt to improve Al-SiCp wettability in the manufacture of Al-2.5%Mg/xSiCp composites. The SiCp coating reduce direct interaction and promote wetting between SiCp and molten Al to developed Al-2.5%Mg/xSiCp composites. The percentage weight of SiCp varied from 5 wt% to 20 wt% (uncoated and coated) at 5 % intervals. The mechanical properties tests were conducted to examined the effects of coating and variation of volume percentage of SiCp on the composites developed. The results obtained showed that the reinforced alloy with both uncoated and coated SiCp performed favorably well compared to the control sample with 0% SiCp. The improvement of interfacial strength was observed in the composites developed with coated SiCp as the coating of SiCp enhanced its diffusion with Al-2.5%Mg.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43160991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AISI 1020 grade of steel is well known for its good combination of high strength and fair ductility. Therefore, it is widely demanded in construction sectors. It possesses a good weldability too in both arc and gas welding conditions. In the present work four pairs of AISI 1020-0.2%C steel plates were welded by shielded arc welding method. Except one welded plate, other three were heat treated. Based on the heat treating, three different physical conditions were achieved- water quenched, oil quenched and annealed. All the samples were tested for tensile strength, hardness, and microstructure. The annealed specimen has showed a significantly improved tensile strength of 439 MPa which is 85% higher than as-welded specimen. Water and oil quenched specimens showed lesser strength than that of as-welded specimen. With regard to hardness, there were two different observations. The as-welded and annealed specimens indicated the highest hardness at welded joint whereas the lower values were reported in base metal part. In contrary, the water and oil quenched specimens were harder in base metal zone as compared to welded zone. Both, strength, and hardness were found in good correlation with microstructural appearance of the plates.
{"title":"CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR IN WELDED PLATES OF AISI 0.2%-C STEEL UNDER AS-WELDED, QUENCHED AND ANNEALED CONDITIONS","authors":"Saurabh Dewangan, Vedant Vinod Nemade, Kanad Harshal Nemade","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.1.1719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.1.1719","url":null,"abstract":"AISI 1020 grade of steel is well known for its good combination of high strength and fair ductility. Therefore, it is widely demanded in construction sectors. It possesses a good weldability too in both arc and gas welding conditions. In the present work four pairs of AISI 1020-0.2%C steel plates were welded by shielded arc welding method. Except one welded plate, other three were heat treated. Based on the heat treating, three different physical conditions were achieved- water quenched, oil quenched and annealed. All the samples were tested for tensile strength, hardness, and microstructure. The annealed specimen has showed a significantly improved tensile strength of 439 MPa which is 85% higher than as-welded specimen. Water and oil quenched specimens showed lesser strength than that of as-welded specimen. With regard to hardness, there were two different observations. The as-welded and annealed specimens indicated the highest hardness at welded joint whereas the lower values were reported in base metal part. In contrary, the water and oil quenched specimens were harder in base metal zone as compared to welded zone. Both, strength, and hardness were found in good correlation with microstructural appearance of the plates.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44499153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Odusote, A. A. Adeleke, P. Ikubanni, Samuel Adeiza, Qudus Badrudeen, Olalekan Ogunniyi, T. Ogedengbe
Composite are multi-phase materials made up of matrix and reinforcement. This paper assesses the tribological property of Al6063 alloy (AMCs) reinforced with Okaba coal ash (OCA) using the stir casting method. By using a constant speed of 1000 rpm and two different loads (250 g and 750 g) on Taber wear apparatus, the tribological properties of the produced composite are contrasted with those of an unreinforced Al6063 alloy. The results show a reduction in wear index and the highest abrasion resistance at 4 wt.% coal ash at 500 g and 1000 rpm, as well as at 0, 2, and 6 wt.% with 8.688, 5.878, and 5.813 at 500g and 8.688, 5.878, 4.125, and 5.813 at 750g, respectively. Therefore, for all composite products compared to metal, there is an increase in abrasion resistance with a decrease in wear index, but this decreases when the load is increased to 750g, showing that the higher the load, the higher the wear index, which results in a reduction in abrasion resistance. Load is taken into greater consideration when using the AMCs manufactured in engineering applications. Additionally, SEM images revealed uniform distribution of the OCA reinforcement in the matrix alloy; thereby, improving its wear resistance.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF STIR CAST Al6063 ALLOY REINFORCED WITH OKABA COAL ASH","authors":"J. Odusote, A. A. Adeleke, P. Ikubanni, Samuel Adeiza, Qudus Badrudeen, Olalekan Ogunniyi, T. Ogedengbe","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.1.1750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.1.1750","url":null,"abstract":"Composite are multi-phase materials made up of matrix and reinforcement. This paper assesses the tribological property of Al6063 alloy (AMCs) reinforced with Okaba coal ash (OCA) using the stir casting method. By using a constant speed of 1000 rpm and two different loads (250 g and 750 g) on Taber wear apparatus, the tribological properties of the produced composite are contrasted with those of an unreinforced Al6063 alloy. The results show a reduction in wear index and the highest abrasion resistance at 4 wt.% coal ash at 500 g and 1000 rpm, as well as at 0, 2, and 6 wt.% with 8.688, 5.878, and 5.813 at 500g and 8.688, 5.878, 4.125, and 5.813 at 750g, respectively. Therefore, for all composite products compared to metal, there is an increase in abrasion resistance with a decrease in wear index, but this decreases when the load is increased to 750g, showing that the higher the load, the higher the wear index, which results in a reduction in abrasion resistance. Load is taken into greater consideration when using the AMCs manufactured in engineering applications. Additionally, SEM images revealed uniform distribution of the OCA reinforcement in the matrix alloy; thereby, improving its wear resistance.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45819731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structural-phase state of the Al-Co-Cr-Cu-Fe-Ni system high-entropy alloy obtained by laser alloying of technically pure aluminium surface layers was investigated by XRD, EDX and metallographic analyses. It is shown that in the process of laser alloying the formation of an an ordered multicomponent substitution solid solution based on BCC lattice took place, which is typical for high-entropy alloys. The process of heterogeneous crystallization of high-entropy alloys AlCoCrCuFeNi and Al3CoCrCuFeNi was modeled taking into account cooling rates of the melt. It is established that the formation of the obtained structure is a consequence of high cooling rates of the melt and high content of aluminum in the laser alloying zone. The microhardness of the alloyed surface was higher compared to high-entropy alloys of this system obtained under equilibrium conditions and was equal to 6.59 GPa. Additional reasons that may affect the high values of microhardness are analysed.
{"title":"High entropy coating from AlCoCrCuFeNi alloy, obtained by laser alloying","authors":"V. Girzhon, V. Yemelianchenko, O. Smolyakov","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.1.1710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.1.1710","url":null,"abstract":"The structural-phase state of the Al-Co-Cr-Cu-Fe-Ni system high-entropy alloy obtained by laser alloying of technically pure aluminium surface layers was investigated by XRD, EDX and metallographic analyses. It is shown that in the process of laser alloying the formation of an an ordered multicomponent substitution solid solution based on BCC lattice took place, which is typical for high-entropy alloys. The process of heterogeneous crystallization of high-entropy alloys AlCoCrCuFeNi and Al3CoCrCuFeNi was modeled taking into account cooling rates of the melt. It is established that the formation of the obtained structure is a consequence of high cooling rates of the melt and high content of aluminum in the laser alloying zone. The microhardness of the alloyed surface was higher compared to high-entropy alloys of this system obtained under equilibrium conditions and was equal to 6.59 GPa. Additional reasons that may affect the high values of microhardness are analysed.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41313129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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