Wahyu Mayangsari, Agus Budi Prasetyo, Eni Febriana, Ahmad Maksum, Rudi Subagja, F Firdiyono, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono
Ferronickel slag is a by-product that was obtained from ferronickel production and contains Si and Mg as the main elements. Decomposition process using alkali could decrease energy consumption to process ferronickel slag by decreasing its melting point. The mixing methods prior to the decomposition process could significantly affect interaction between reactants over the process, therefore it is essential to study. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of mixing methods of ferronickel slag and NaOH prior decomposition process on the chemical composition, phase, and microstructure of decomposed ferronickel slag. Two different mixing methods, physical mixing, and impregnation, followed by roasting process at 350 ℃ for 60 minutes were performed, characterized, and analyzed. Thermodynamic analysis was calculated and shows having a good agreement with the characterization results which formation of sodium silicate, magnesium hydroxide and iron oxide were identified. Distribution of product layer of RI can be determined, while spotty decomposition was clearly identified. The effectiveness of impregnation over physical mixing was investigated.
{"title":"EFFECT OF MIXING METHODS PRIOR THE DECOMPOSITION PROCESS ON THE DECOMPOSED FERRONICKEL SLAG","authors":"Wahyu Mayangsari, Agus Budi Prasetyo, Eni Febriana, Ahmad Maksum, Rudi Subagja, F Firdiyono, Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.4.1925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.4.1925","url":null,"abstract":"Ferronickel slag is a by-product that was obtained from ferronickel production and contains Si and Mg as the main elements. Decomposition process using alkali could decrease energy consumption to process ferronickel slag by decreasing its melting point. The mixing methods prior to the decomposition process could significantly affect interaction between reactants over the process, therefore it is essential to study. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of mixing methods of ferronickel slag and NaOH prior decomposition process on the chemical composition, phase, and microstructure of decomposed ferronickel slag. Two different mixing methods, physical mixing, and impregnation, followed by roasting process at 350 ℃ for 60 minutes were performed, characterized, and analyzed. Thermodynamic analysis was calculated and shows having a good agreement with the characterization results which formation of sodium silicate, magnesium hydroxide and iron oxide were identified. Distribution of product layer of RI can be determined, while spotty decomposition was clearly identified. The effectiveness of impregnation over physical mixing was investigated.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The proper selection of the material model and its parameters in numerical simulations of the material response under loading is a very important task. In the cyclic load one should assume different phenomena, e.g. ratchetting effect, the mean stress relaxation, creep, etc. The Chaboche kinematic hardening model is mainly applied in order to capture the Bauschinger effect due to its good description of the material behaviour under the cyclic loading. The modified Chaboche isotropic-kinematic hardening model is considered in this paper in order to simulate the strain-controlled and stress-controlled uniaxial cyclic tension-compression test. The implicit and explicit integration procedures are tested here, showing advantages and disadvantages of both methods. It is shown that both approaches provide similar results. The implicit integration method of constitutive equations is unconditionally stable and thus less calculation steps are required in comparison to the explicit procedure. The implicit and explicit integration of the Chaboche model including isotropic and kinematic hardening are then implemented for the 3D case in commercial ABAQUS program in the form of the user material procedure. The correctness of results obtained for the user material model is verified by comparison to results for commercially implemented Chaboche model.
{"title":"Explicit and Implicit Integration of Constitutive Equations of Chaboche Isotropic-Kinematic Hardening Material Model","authors":"A. Skrzat, Marta Wójcik","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.4.1949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.4.1949","url":null,"abstract":"The proper selection of the material model and its parameters in numerical simulations of the material response under loading is a very important task. In the cyclic load one should assume different phenomena, e.g. ratchetting effect, the mean stress relaxation, creep, etc. The Chaboche kinematic hardening model is mainly applied in order to capture the Bauschinger effect due to its good description of the material behaviour under the cyclic loading. The modified Chaboche isotropic-kinematic hardening model is considered in this paper in order to simulate the strain-controlled and stress-controlled uniaxial cyclic tension-compression test. The implicit and explicit integration procedures are tested here, showing advantages and disadvantages of both methods. It is shown that both approaches provide similar results. The implicit integration method of constitutive equations is unconditionally stable and thus less calculation steps are required in comparison to the explicit procedure. The implicit and explicit integration of the Chaboche model including isotropic and kinematic hardening are then implemented for the 3D case in commercial ABAQUS program in the form of the user material procedure. The correctness of results obtained for the user material model is verified by comparison to results for commercially implemented Chaboche model.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. A. Adeleke, P. Ikubanni, J. K. Odusote, Lamidi Tajudeen Kolawole, T. Orhadahwe, Mohammed Lawal
The use of natural particles as reinforcement in polymers has been a growing research area. This study aims to explore the use of cassava back peel (CCBP) and iron-fillings (IF), as reinforcement material in epoxy resin-based composite. Composite plates were prepared for the casting of the epoxy resin reinforced with CCBP and IF composites using a hand lay-up technique. The percentage compositions by weight of the CCBP varied between 0%-10 %, while that of IF was kept constant (5%). The physico-mechanical behaviours of CCBP-reinforced epoxy polymer composites were studied using ASTM standards. The density of the epoxy resin was improved by the reinforcements. The maximum density obtained was 1270 kg/cm3 for 5%CCBP epoxy composite. The percentage of water absorption improved by the addition of the filler with 5%IF10CCBP epoxy hybrid composite recording 30% water absorption. Conversely, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and breaking strength (BS) varied with the addition of the filler materials. 5%CCBP epoxy composite recorded 41.26 MPa for both UTS and BS. Meanwhile, percentage elongation decreased with the addition of the fillers showing that the composites became less ductile. The HBN of epoxy was improved with the addition of fillers. The composites can be applied to automobile dashboards.
{"title":"PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITE MATERIAL REINFORCED WITH CARBONIZED CASSAVA BACK PEEL AND IRON FILLINGS","authors":"A. A. Adeleke, P. Ikubanni, J. K. Odusote, Lamidi Tajudeen Kolawole, T. Orhadahwe, Mohammed Lawal","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.4.1914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.4.1914","url":null,"abstract":"The use of natural particles as reinforcement in polymers has been a growing research area. This study aims to explore the use of cassava back peel (CCBP) and iron-fillings (IF), as reinforcement material in epoxy resin-based composite. Composite plates were prepared for the casting of the epoxy resin reinforced with CCBP and IF composites using a hand lay-up technique. The percentage compositions by weight of the CCBP varied between 0%-10 %, while that of IF was kept constant (5%). The physico-mechanical behaviours of CCBP-reinforced epoxy polymer composites were studied using ASTM standards. The density of the epoxy resin was improved by the reinforcements. The maximum density obtained was 1270 kg/cm3 for 5%CCBP epoxy composite. The percentage of water absorption improved by the addition of the filler with 5%IF10CCBP epoxy hybrid composite recording 30% water absorption. Conversely, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and breaking strength (BS) varied with the addition of the filler materials. 5%CCBP epoxy composite recorded 41.26 MPa for both UTS and BS. Meanwhile, percentage elongation decreased with the addition of the fillers showing that the composites became less ductile. The HBN of epoxy was improved with the addition of fillers. The composites can be applied to automobile dashboards.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ti13Nb13Zr alloy stands out as an alternative to Ti6Al4V alloy for orthopedic joint implant applications due to its low modulus of elasticity, high mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance, high biocompatibility and low modulus of elasticity, as well as containing no cytotoxic elements. In this study, Ti13Nb13Zr alloy was coated with TiN/TiC/TiCN/TaN multilayer thin films by pulsed-dc CFBUMS method to increase wear resistance and improve surface properties. Characterization of the deposited films were conducted by XRD, SEM, AFM, pin-on-disk, progressive scratch experiments. As a result, it is observed that all the coatings enhanced the tribological properties of the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy surface. The 20-layer TiN/TiC/TiCN/TaN multilayer coatings gave the best results for wear resistance and adhesion properties. Enhancing the interlayer number resulted in increased wear and adhesion resistance. In addition, it was determined that using TiC instead of TiN in the interlayers gave higher results regarding adhesion, wear, and mechanical properties.
{"title":"WEAR AND ADHESION PROPERTIES OF MULTILAYER Ti/TiN ,(TiC)/TiCN/TaN THIN FILMS DEPOSITED ON Ti13Nb13Zr ALLOY BY CLOSE FIELD UNBALANCED MAGNETRON SPUTTERING","authors":"Ali Kemal Aslan, Erkan Bahçe","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.4.1933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.4.1933","url":null,"abstract":"Ti13Nb13Zr alloy stands out as an alternative to Ti6Al4V alloy for orthopedic joint implant applications due to its low modulus of elasticity, high mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance, high biocompatibility and low modulus of elasticity, as well as containing no cytotoxic elements. In this study, Ti13Nb13Zr alloy was coated with TiN/TiC/TiCN/TaN multilayer thin films by pulsed-dc CFBUMS method to increase wear resistance and improve surface properties. Characterization of the deposited films were conducted by XRD, SEM, AFM, pin-on-disk, progressive scratch experiments. As a result, it is observed that all the coatings enhanced the tribological properties of the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy surface. The 20-layer TiN/TiC/TiCN/TaN multilayer coatings gave the best results for wear resistance and adhesion properties. Enhancing the interlayer number resulted in increased wear and adhesion resistance. In addition, it was determined that using TiC instead of TiN in the interlayers gave higher results regarding adhesion, wear, and mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139003789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ľ. Kaščák, J. Slota, J. Bidulská, Róbert Bidulský, A. Kubit
Advances in sandwich composites have given rise to materials that amalgamate the elevated flexural stiffness and buckling resistance found in metals with the lightweight characteristics of polymers. These materials exhibit significant potential for use in contemporary lightweight structures, not solely due to the aforementioned attributes, but also owing to their effective provision of sound, vibration, and thermal protection. In the structures using sandwich materials, joining methods based on fusion welding, adhesive bonding or mechanical fastening are employed. Clinching is a manufacturing technique that mechanically joins two or more materials without the need for heat or additional components. This method relies on achieving high plastic deformation to establish a secure bond. The research deals with the possibility of using the clinching method for joining metal/polymer/metal composite sheets in combination with high-strength steel and micro-alloyed hot-dip galvanised steel sheets. The clinching method with a rigid die proves unsuitable for joining the examined combinations of sandwich material with steel sheets.
{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF JOINING THE METAL/POLYMER/METAL COMPOSITE SHEETS BY CLINCHING METHOD","authors":"Ľ. Kaščák, J. Slota, J. Bidulská, Róbert Bidulský, A. Kubit","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.4.1979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.4.1979","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in sandwich composites have given rise to materials that amalgamate the elevated flexural stiffness and buckling resistance found in metals with the lightweight characteristics of polymers. These materials exhibit significant potential for use in contemporary lightweight structures, not solely due to the aforementioned attributes, but also owing to their effective provision of sound, vibration, and thermal protection. In the structures using sandwich materials, joining methods based on fusion welding, adhesive bonding or mechanical fastening are employed. Clinching is a manufacturing technique that mechanically joins two or more materials without the need for heat or additional components. This method relies on achieving high plastic deformation to establish a secure bond. The research deals with the possibility of using the clinching method for joining metal/polymer/metal composite sheets in combination with high-strength steel and micro-alloyed hot-dip galvanised steel sheets. The clinching method with a rigid die proves unsuitable for joining the examined combinations of sandwich material with steel sheets.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nyoman Gede, Putrayasa Astawa, Muhammad Yunan Hasbi, S. Chandra, Dedi Pria Utama, R. Roberto, A. Imaduddin, S. Yudanto
The efficiency of energy consumption can be improved by reducing the heat lost during the combustion process of automotive engines. By converting waste heat energy into other energy sources that can be used directly, efficiency can be achieved. Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7 is a metal alloy that has the potential to convert waste heat into power. In this research, we used the powder metallurgy method to synthesize the Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7-based alloy. A mixture of Mg, Si, and Sn powders that had been milled for 2 hours was insulated in the stainless-steel tube to avoid oxidation and combustion. Heat treatment was conducted with temperature variations of 700, 750, and 800°C for 4 hours to investigate the influence of sintering temperature on the crystal structure of the Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7-based alloy. The microstructure and formation of the material were examined using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on XRD analysis, it was found that the Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7 phase and a small amount of magnesium oxide (MgO) phase have formed. Due to the phase transition from Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7 to Mg2Sn at a sintering temperature of 800°C, the cubic lattice constant -a changes from 0.6631 nm to 0.6765 nm.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF SINTERING TEMPERATURE ON THE STRUCTURAL OF Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7 ALLOY PREPARED BY POWDER METALLURGY","authors":"Nyoman Gede, Putrayasa Astawa, Muhammad Yunan Hasbi, S. Chandra, Dedi Pria Utama, R. Roberto, A. Imaduddin, S. Yudanto","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.4.1965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.4.1965","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of energy consumption can be improved by reducing the heat lost during the combustion process of automotive engines. By converting waste heat energy into other energy sources that can be used directly, efficiency can be achieved. Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7 is a metal alloy that has the potential to convert waste heat into power. In this research, we used the powder metallurgy method to synthesize the Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7-based alloy. A mixture of Mg, Si, and Sn powders that had been milled for 2 hours was insulated in the stainless-steel tube to avoid oxidation and combustion. Heat treatment was conducted with temperature variations of 700, 750, and 800°C for 4 hours to investigate the influence of sintering temperature on the crystal structure of the Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7-based alloy. The microstructure and formation of the material were examined using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on XRD analysis, it was found that the Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7 phase and a small amount of magnesium oxide (MgO) phase have formed. Due to the phase transition from Mg2Si0.3Sn0.7 to Mg2Sn at a sintering temperature of 800°C, the cubic lattice constant -a changes from 0.6631 nm to 0.6765 nm.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the effects of plastic deformation is an increase in the temperature of the formed metal. The rolling pressure, friction stress, and contact state show different characteristics in different zones along the deformation zone, which causes the heat generation and transfer states to be different, so the strip temperature is subject to a complex change process. The paper presents the results of experimental temperature measurements at several points on the width of the rolled strip and on the surface of the working rolls depending on the rolling speed in the range of 0.5-4.0 m/s. The results obtained showed a clear dependence of both the strip temperature and the working roll temperature on the rolling speed, with the increase in strip temperature being more intense. At very high rolling speeds, the temperature of the rolled sheet may even exceed 1000C, which is unfavourable due to the possibility of the formation of deposits on the surface of the rollers.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF ROLLING SPEED ON THE TEMPERATURE FIELD DURING COLD ROLLING OF ALUMINIUM SHEETS","authors":"F. Stachowicz","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.4.1954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.4.1954","url":null,"abstract":"One of the effects of plastic deformation is an increase in the temperature of the formed metal. The rolling pressure, friction stress, and contact state show different characteristics in different zones along the deformation zone, which causes the heat generation and transfer states to be different, so the strip temperature is subject to a complex change process. The paper presents the results of experimental temperature measurements at several points on the width of the rolled strip and on the surface of the working rolls depending on the rolling speed in the range of 0.5-4.0 m/s. The results obtained showed a clear dependence of both the strip temperature and the working roll temperature on the rolling speed, with the increase in strip temperature being more intense. At very high rolling speeds, the temperature of the rolled sheet may even exceed 1000C, which is unfavourable due to the possibility of the formation of deposits on the surface of the rollers. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Houssem Eddine Lakache, Abdelghani May, Riad Badji
The primary goal of this study is to implement the Rotary Friction Welding (RFW) process to join similar Ti6Al4V welds. The experimental procedure involves the deliberate manipulation of input parameters, including rotational speed, friction pressure, and friction time, through the utilization of Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array methodology. This approach is facilitated using the MINITAB software to generate a visual representation of the response chart. The primary focus of the investigation centers on the assessment of the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of the welded joint, serving as the selected output parameter. The central objective is to identify the optimal RFW conditions that lead to the highest achievable UTS. Furthermore, by conducting thorough statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most influential process parameter is identified and analyzed. The concluding phase involves the development of a comprehensive regression equation governing the UTS for the titanium alloy. The accuracy and reliability of this equation are then validated through rigorous experimental tests and the corresponding observed values.
{"title":"Optimization of the RFW Process Parameters by Using the Taguchi Method for the Ti6Al4V grade-5 alloy","authors":"Houssem Eddine Lakache, Abdelghani May, Riad Badji","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.3.1883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.3.1883","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of this study is to implement the Rotary Friction Welding (RFW) process to join similar Ti6Al4V welds. The experimental procedure involves the deliberate manipulation of input parameters, including rotational speed, friction pressure, and friction time, through the utilization of Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array methodology. This approach is facilitated using the MINITAB software to generate a visual representation of the response chart. The primary focus of the investigation centers on the assessment of the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of the welded joint, serving as the selected output parameter. The central objective is to identify the optimal RFW conditions that lead to the highest achievable UTS. Furthermore, by conducting thorough statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA), the most influential process parameter is identified and analyzed. The concluding phase involves the development of a comprehensive regression equation governing the UTS for the titanium alloy. The accuracy and reliability of this equation are then validated through rigorous experimental tests and the corresponding observed values.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of this article is to deep the knowledge of the thermal behavior of ferrite-bainite (FB) steel in correlation with the structural aspects that justify the mechanical properties. Samples of a DP-590 steel were tested by dilatometry considering a heating rate of 0.17 °C/s, up to a temperature of 1150 °C and different cooling rates between 0.03 °C/s to 100 °C/s, in air atmosphere. The results of the thermal behaviour were correlated with a microstructural study using optical microscopy in order to establish the final proportion of ferrite and bainite that is achieved at each cooling rate considered. As the cooling rate increases, the diffusion processes are limited so that hard second phases are obtained. In this steel, the presence of bainite was corroborated. The mechanical strength evolution associated with the cooling rate was determined through microhardness measurements. On this base, the steel's continuous CCT curves was built.
{"title":"Thermal characterization by dilatometry tests of a ferritic-bainitic (FB) steel for automotive application","authors":"Matías Ezequiel Ramírez, None Elena Brandaleze","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.3.1834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.3.1834","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this article is to deep the knowledge of the thermal behavior of ferrite-bainite (FB) steel in correlation with the structural aspects that justify the mechanical properties. Samples of a DP-590 steel were tested by dilatometry considering a heating rate of 0.17 °C/s, up to a temperature of 1150 °C and different cooling rates between 0.03 °C/s to 100 °C/s, in air atmosphere. The results of the thermal behaviour were correlated with a microstructural study using optical microscopy in order to establish the final proportion of ferrite and bainite that is achieved at each cooling rate considered. As the cooling rate increases, the diffusion processes are limited so that hard second phases are obtained. In this steel, the presence of bainite was corroborated. The mechanical strength evolution associated with the cooling rate was determined through microhardness measurements. On this base, the steel's continuous CCT curves was built.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, the effects of brine quenching on the mechanical properties and microstructural attributes of AISI 304 steel have been analysed. For a reference purpose, one sample was kept in ‘as-received’ condition. Three steel plates were treated at 800oC for 1 hour, 1.5 hour and 2 hours respectively. The heated samples were cooled inside brine solution up to room temperature. For mechanical property analysis, all the four plates were cut into standard sized specimens for tensile test, hardness test and toughness test. The microstructural analysis reveals that pitting corrosion has affected the γ-grains as well as δ-boundaries. The ‘as-received’ samples have shown the highest value of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) i.e., 940 MPa with 59.5% of elongation whereas the third heat treated sample, which was heated for 2 hours, has shown a decrement of 13% and 55% in UTS and elongation respectively as compared to these of ‘as received’ sample. As a result of Cr-deterioration and carbide dissolution at grain boundaries, an increase in hardness was recorded in the heat-treated samples. Also, the lowest toughness, 35% lower than as received sample, was recorded in the third sample which are heated for a long period.
{"title":"ANALYSING THE EFFECT OF THERMAL TREATMENT WITH AN AID OF BRINE QUENCHING ON MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AISI-304 PLATES","authors":"Saurabh Dewangan, Gopal Sukhwal","doi":"10.36547/ams.29.3.1826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36547/ams.29.3.1826","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the effects of brine quenching on the mechanical properties and microstructural attributes of AISI 304 steel have been analysed. For a reference purpose, one sample was kept in ‘as-received’ condition. Three steel plates were treated at 800oC for 1 hour, 1.5 hour and 2 hours respectively. The heated samples were cooled inside brine solution up to room temperature. For mechanical property analysis, all the four plates were cut into standard sized specimens for tensile test, hardness test and toughness test. The microstructural analysis reveals that pitting corrosion has affected the γ-grains as well as δ-boundaries. The ‘as-received’ samples have shown the highest value of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) i.e., 940 MPa with 59.5% of elongation whereas the third heat treated sample, which was heated for 2 hours, has shown a decrement of 13% and 55% in UTS and elongation respectively as compared to these of ‘as received’ sample. As a result of Cr-deterioration and carbide dissolution at grain boundaries, an increase in hardness was recorded in the heat-treated samples. Also, the lowest toughness, 35% lower than as received sample, was recorded in the third sample which are heated for a long period.","PeriodicalId":44511,"journal":{"name":"Acta Metallurgica Slovaca","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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