J. Rebolledo, Rosario Castañón Ibarra, Laura Elena Martínez Salvador
Smart specialization strategies (RIS3) have been implemented in the State of Mexico, one of the most important regions in Mexico, this framework was used to create state innovation agendas (SIA). Therefore, the main objective of this document is to analyze the experience of a project using the RIS3 methodology to build up an SIA as the basis to structuring a regional innovation system (RIS). We conclude that RIS3 in lagging countries face difficulties to be successful, especially if in the region there is a weak governance structure, an adverse institutional framework, and a lack of funding for innovation activities.
{"title":"Governance and Critical Factors to Implement Smart Specialization Strategies in Developing Countries. The Case of the State of Mexico, Mexico","authors":"J. Rebolledo, Rosario Castañón Ibarra, Laura Elena Martínez Salvador","doi":"10.33776/REM.V0I57.4589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/REM.V0I57.4589","url":null,"abstract":"Smart specialization strategies (RIS3) have been implemented in the State of Mexico, one of the most important regions in Mexico, this framework was used to create state innovation agendas (SIA). Therefore, the main objective of this document is to analyze the experience of a project using the RIS3 methodology to build up an SIA as the basis to structuring a regional innovation system (RIS). We conclude that RIS3 in lagging countries face difficulties to be successful, especially if in the region there is a weak governance structure, an adverse institutional framework, and a lack of funding for innovation activities.","PeriodicalId":44512,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Economia Mundial","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44940343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the most important phenomena of economic development in recent decades has been the services sector growth, which today represents the main economic sector worldwide, as well as a growing share of international trade. Among the causes that explain this growth is the trade opening to which they have been subject. However, due to the nature of barriers to trade in services and therefore the way in which their commitments are established, the analysis of the impact of trade negotiations on the incorporation of services in the domestic industry has not been profound. This article seeks, through the use of a new database that quantifies the liberalization achieved in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), to analyze its impact on the penetration of imported services within the manufacturing industry. Using data from the World Input-Product Database (WIOD) for 43 countries in the period 2000-2014, we managed to establish that the integration of imported services into the domestic industry is positively correlated with the level of openness recorded in the GATS.
{"title":"Liberalización de servicios y su incorporación en la industria manufacturera","authors":"Felipe Muñoz Navia, Dorotea López Giral","doi":"10.33776/REM.V0I57.4591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/REM.V0I57.4591","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important phenomena of economic development in recent decades has been the services sector growth, which today represents the main economic sector worldwide, as well as a growing share of international trade. Among the causes that explain this growth is the trade opening to which they have been subject. However, due to the nature of barriers to trade in services and therefore the way in which their commitments are established, the analysis of the impact of trade negotiations on the incorporation of services in the domestic industry has not been profound. This article seeks, through the use of a new database that quantifies the liberalization achieved in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), to analyze its impact on the penetration of imported services within the manufacturing industry. Using data from the World Input-Product Database (WIOD) for 43 countries in the period 2000-2014, we managed to establish that the integration of imported services into the domestic industry is positively correlated with the level of openness recorded in the GATS.","PeriodicalId":44512,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Economia Mundial","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87845473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Juntos o amontonados. Una nueva aproximación a la trayectoria del MERCOSUR","authors":"Germán Héctor González, Fernando Delbianco","doi":"10.33776/REM.V0I57.4646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/REM.V0I57.4646","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44512,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Economia Mundial","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85546931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since nominal interest rate and nominal exchange rate are common for the Euro-zone (EZ) members, inflation differentials initiate real interest rate and real exchange rate divergences with further spill-over effects. The aim of the research is to investigate in which extent national price level, real interest rate and real exchange rate, co-move or diverge from supranational EZ variables. The research results, based on heterogeneous dynamic macro-panel data of 12 initial EZ members in the period 1999Q1-2019Q4, confirm heterogeneous adjustment, as well as the lack of balancing towards equilibrium, as a sign of EZ vulnerability.
{"title":"Real Interest Rate and Exchange Rate Divergences within the EZ12: Evidence Based at Mean Group Estimators","authors":"Olgica Glavaški, Emilija Beker Pucar","doi":"10.33776/REM.V0I58.4920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/REM.V0I58.4920","url":null,"abstract":"Since nominal interest rate and nominal exchange rate are common for the Euro-zone (EZ) members, inflation differentials initiate real interest rate and real exchange rate divergences with further spill-over effects. The aim of the research is to investigate in which extent national price level, real interest rate and real exchange rate, co-move or diverge from supranational EZ variables. The research results, based on heterogeneous dynamic macro-panel data of 12 initial EZ members in the period 1999Q1-2019Q4, confirm heterogeneous adjustment, as well as the lack of balancing towards equilibrium, as a sign of EZ vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":44512,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Economia Mundial","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41335639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Díaz-Roldán, J. M. Pérez de la Cruz, M. C. Ramos-Herrera
During the confinement due to the Covid-19 crisis, economies survived thanks to the available technology and changes of the production model. To study the vulnerability of the economies against the challenges of the recovery, in this paper, we study the role of some factors related to the development of productive sectors, the use of technology, and the structure of public finances. Using panel data estimations, for the European Union, we identify some characteristics that would help economies to boost economic growth. We find that the employment in sectors with a high technological content is the variable that most drives output growth.
{"title":"On the vulnerability of economies to the COVID-19: an empirical approach","authors":"C. Díaz-Roldán, J. M. Pérez de la Cruz, M. C. Ramos-Herrera","doi":"10.33776/REM.V0I58.4878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/REM.V0I58.4878","url":null,"abstract":"During the confinement due to the Covid-19 crisis, economies survived thanks to the available technology and changes of the production model. To study the vulnerability of the economies against the challenges of the recovery, in this paper, we study the role of some factors related to the development of productive sectors, the use of technology, and the structure of public finances. Using panel data estimations, for the European Union, we identify some characteristics that would help economies to boost economic growth. We find that the employment in sectors with a high technological content is the variable that most drives output growth.","PeriodicalId":44512,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Economia Mundial","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48624866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Martín-Legendre, Pablo Castellanos-García, J. Sánchez-Santos
espanolEste articulo presenta una investigacion empirica sobre como la politica monetaria puede afectar a la distribucion del ingreso. Tras describir los canales a traves de los cuales la politica monetaria puede tener un impacto en la distribucion de la renta, se realiza un analisis para un panel de 15 paises de la UE (Union Europea) que abarca el periodo 1995-2014. Los resultados evidencian una relacion positiva significativa entre los tipos de interes reales y la desigualdad de ingresos medida como el coeficiente de Gini. Sin embargo, esta relacion solo es significativa a medio plazo, pero no a corto plazo. Nuestros resultados plantean que los bancos centrales tengan en consideracion los efectos redistributivos de la politica monetaria. EnglishThis paper presents an empirical research on how monetary policy can affect income distribution. After describing the channels through which monetary policy may have an impact on income distribution, we perform a panel analysis of 15 EU (European Union) countries covering the period 1995-2014. The results provide evidence of a significant positive relationship between real interest rates and income inequality measured as the Gini coefficient. However, this relationship only becomes significant in the medium term but not in the short term. Our findings call for greater attention by central bankers to the redistributive effects of monetary policy.
{"title":"Monetary Policy and Income Distribution: Empirical Evidence for the EU-15","authors":"J. Martín-Legendre, Pablo Castellanos-García, J. Sánchez-Santos","doi":"10.33776/rem.v0i55.3820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/rem.v0i55.3820","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste articulo presenta una investigacion empirica sobre como la politica monetaria puede afectar a la distribucion del ingreso. Tras describir los canales a traves de los cuales la politica monetaria puede tener un impacto en la distribucion de la renta, se realiza un analisis para un panel de 15 paises de la UE (Union Europea) que abarca el periodo 1995-2014. Los resultados evidencian una relacion positiva significativa entre los tipos de interes reales y la desigualdad de ingresos medida como el coeficiente de Gini. Sin embargo, esta relacion solo es significativa a medio plazo, pero no a corto plazo. Nuestros resultados plantean que los bancos centrales tengan en consideracion los efectos redistributivos de la politica monetaria. EnglishThis paper presents an empirical research on how monetary policy can affect income distribution. After describing the channels through which monetary policy may have an impact on income distribution, we perform a panel analysis of 15 EU (European Union) countries covering the period 1995-2014. The results provide evidence of a significant positive relationship between real interest rates and income inequality measured as the Gini coefficient. However, this relationship only becomes significant in the medium term but not in the short term. Our findings call for greater attention by central bankers to the redistributive effects of monetary policy.","PeriodicalId":44512,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Economia Mundial","volume":"184 1","pages":"121-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75994972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco Javier Ortega Irizo, José Manuel Gavilán Ruiz, Inmaculada Jaén Figueroa
El objetivo del trabajo es analizar como influyen las condiciones economicas y los valores culturales de un pais en su actividad emprendedora, utilizando un panel de datos. Se aplica un enfoque novedoso, que se adapta al hecho de que los factores culturales son bastante estables en el tiempo, mientras que las condiciones economicas son cambiantes. Concretamente, se plantea un modelo de produccion con frontera, en el que las condiciones economicas (cambiantes) determinan la frontera maxima para la tasa de emprendimiento de un pais, mientras que los valores culturales predominantes (estables) explican el nivel de eficiencia-ineficiencia. En concreto, el arraigo es el valor cultural que presenta la relacion mas fuerte con el nivel de eficiencia.
{"title":"The Effect of Economic and Cultural Factors on Entrepreneurial Activity: An Approach through Frontier Production Models","authors":"Francisco Javier Ortega Irizo, José Manuel Gavilán Ruiz, Inmaculada Jaén Figueroa","doi":"10.33776/rem.v0i55.3830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/rem.v0i55.3830","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo del trabajo es analizar como influyen las condiciones economicas y los valores culturales de un pais en su actividad emprendedora, utilizando un panel de datos. Se aplica un enfoque novedoso, que se adapta al hecho de que los factores culturales son bastante estables en el tiempo, mientras que las condiciones economicas son cambiantes. Concretamente, se plantea un modelo de produccion con frontera, en el que las condiciones economicas (cambiantes) determinan la frontera maxima para la tasa de emprendimiento de un pais, mientras que los valores culturales predominantes (estables) explican el nivel de eficiencia-ineficiencia. En concreto, el arraigo es el valor cultural que presenta la relacion mas fuerte con el nivel de eficiencia.","PeriodicalId":44512,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Economia Mundial","volume":"104 3","pages":"25-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72393740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"\"Austeridad. Cuándo funciona y cuándo no\". Ediciones Deusto, 2020, 333 páginas. Alberto Alesina, Carlo Favero y Franceso Giavazzi","authors":"Beatriz Benítez-Aurioles","doi":"10.33776/rem.v0i55.4650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/rem.v0i55.4650","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44512,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Economia Mundial","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82439184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
espanolEl objetivo de esta investigacion es analizar las trayectorias de cohesion interna en la Union Europea, a escala de pais, para el periodo 2000-2015. Al mismo tiempo la informacion generada ha permitido identificar agrupaciones de paises, a traves de un analisis cluster, en cuanto a su comportamiento conjunto en crecimiento, convergencia, desarrollo y cohesion. Concretamente, la trayectoria de cada pais se compara con su cluster mas proximo. Estas agrupaciones serviran para redisenar las politicas generales y especificas, por grandes areas, encaminadas al cumplimiento de los objetivos de la actual Estrategia 2014-2020 y futura Estrategia 2021-2027. EnglishThe objective of this research is to analyse, at country level, the trajectories of internal cohesion in the European Union for the period 2000-2015. At the same time, the information generated has made it possible to identify groupings of countries through a cluster analysis in regard to the joint performance of growth, convergence, development and cohesion. Specifically, the trajectory of each country is compared with the nearest cluster. These groups will serve to redesign the general and specific policies of large areas that are directed at achieving the objectives of the current strategy (2014-2020) and the future strategy (2021-2027).
{"title":"Evolución de la cohesión interna y el desarrollo socioeconómico: un análisis comparativo a escala de país en la Unión Europea","authors":"S. P. Ruiz, M. Calvo, Rosa Santero Sánchez","doi":"10.33776/rem.v0i55.3821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/rem.v0i55.3821","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl objetivo de esta investigacion es analizar las trayectorias de cohesion interna en la Union Europea, a escala de pais, para el periodo 2000-2015. Al mismo tiempo la informacion generada ha permitido identificar agrupaciones de paises, a traves de un analisis cluster, en cuanto a su comportamiento conjunto en crecimiento, convergencia, desarrollo y cohesion. Concretamente, la trayectoria de cada pais se compara con su cluster mas proximo. Estas agrupaciones serviran para redisenar las politicas generales y especificas, por grandes areas, encaminadas al cumplimiento de los objetivos de la actual Estrategia 2014-2020 y futura Estrategia 2021-2027. EnglishThe objective of this research is to analyse, at country level, the trajectories of internal cohesion in the European Union for the period 2000-2015. At the same time, the information generated has made it possible to identify groupings of countries through a cluster analysis in regard to the joint performance of growth, convergence, development and cohesion. Specifically, the trajectory of each country is compared with the nearest cluster. These groups will serve to redesign the general and specific policies of large areas that are directed at achieving the objectives of the current strategy (2014-2020) and the future strategy (2021-2027).","PeriodicalId":44512,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Economia Mundial","volume":"96 1","pages":"97-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87706282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Stundžienė, Antonio Mihi Ramirez, Margarita Navarro Pabsdorf
espanolNuestra investigacion pretende revelar si existen diferencias entre los paises de la zona euro y los de fuera de ella en cuanto al cumplimiento de algunas variables relevantes establecidas en los criterios de Maastricht (inflacion, deficit y deuda publica). Tambien examinamos las consecuencias del incumplimiento de uno o varios de estos criterios, incluyendose el desempleo, relacionandolo con el rendimiento de los bonos a largo plazo de los paises que se incorporaron a la moneda comun con los que no lo hicieron. Los resultados muestran que, en terminos generales, el incumplimiento ha sido mas perjudicial en los paises de la Eurozona, especialmente en terminos de deficit y desempleo. EnglishOur study aims to reveal whether there are differences between the Eurozone and non-Eurozone countries in terms of their compliance with the variables established in the Maastricht criteria (inflation, public deficit, and public debt) to which we extend unemployment and the long term bond yields of countries that joined the common currency and those that did not. The results show that, in general terms, the non-compliance has been most hurtful in the Eurozone countries, especially in terms of deficit and unemployment.
我们的研究旨在揭示欧元区国家和非欧元区国家在遵守马斯特里赫特标准中设定的一些相关变量(通胀、赤字和公共债务)方面是否存在差异。我们还研究了不遵守其中一项或多项标准的后果，包括失业，并将其与加入共同货币的国家和未加入共同货币的国家的长期债券收益率联系起来。本研究的目的是分析欧元区国家不遵守规定的影响，特别是在赤字和失业方面。EnglishOur study,以弄清是否are差异between the Eurozone and non-Eurozone countries in terms of their compliance with the设立的变量in the马斯特里赫特标准(inflation,公共赤字,and public debt) to which we扩展unemployment and the long邦德yields of countries that joined the common currency and that,但他没有这样的人。结果表明，总的来说，不遵守规定在欧元区国家最为严重，特别是在赤字和失业方面。
{"title":"Flaws in the European Monetary Union. Does the EMU Need a Solution?","authors":"A. Stundžienė, Antonio Mihi Ramirez, Margarita Navarro Pabsdorf","doi":"10.33776/rem.v0i55.3851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33776/rem.v0i55.3851","url":null,"abstract":"espanolNuestra investigacion pretende revelar si existen diferencias entre los paises de la zona euro y los de fuera de ella en cuanto al cumplimiento de algunas variables relevantes establecidas en los criterios de Maastricht (inflacion, deficit y deuda publica). Tambien examinamos las consecuencias del incumplimiento de uno o varios de estos criterios, incluyendose el desempleo, relacionandolo con el rendimiento de los bonos a largo plazo de los paises que se incorporaron a la moneda comun con los que no lo hicieron. Los resultados muestran que, en terminos generales, el incumplimiento ha sido mas perjudicial en los paises de la Eurozona, especialmente en terminos de deficit y desempleo. EnglishOur study aims to reveal whether there are differences between the Eurozone and non-Eurozone countries in terms of their compliance with the variables established in the Maastricht criteria (inflation, public deficit, and public debt) to which we extend unemployment and the long term bond yields of countries that joined the common currency and those that did not. The results show that, in general terms, the non-compliance has been most hurtful in the Eurozone countries, especially in terms of deficit and unemployment.","PeriodicalId":44512,"journal":{"name":"Revista De Economia Mundial","volume":"128 1","pages":"79-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73497086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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