Zuzana Ilková, Zuzana Lazíková, A. Bandlerová, J. Lazíková
The paper analyzes the development of the legislation of cooperative law since the late 1940s. It points out the positives, but also the negatives in the development of agricultural cooperative in Slovakia. The number of cooperatives, as well as the area of their farmed land decreased significantly after 1989 and the number of legal entities operating on the land has expanded. In spite of this, however, according to the collected data, it can be stated that in 2018, cooperatives managed 34, 25% of agricultural land in Slovakia. Based on the available statistical data on the development of the structure of agricultural cooperatives and on the basis of legal analysis of the legislation, the authors wish to emphasize the merits of the cooperative form of business as well as the advantages of the cooperatives as a separate form of business under current market conditions. The cooperative, as a separated form of business, is still advantageous for all areas of business including the agricultural business. The advantage of a cooperative form of business is highlighted by its flexibility, relatively simple and more liberal than other legal form of business.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF THE COOPERATIVE AS A FORM OF BUSINESS IN AGRICULTURE IN SLOVAKIA","authors":"Zuzana Ilková, Zuzana Lazíková, A. Bandlerová, J. Lazíková","doi":"10.31410/eraz.2019.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2019.315","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes the development of the legislation of cooperative law since the late 1940s. It points out the positives, but also the negatives in the development of agricultural cooperative in Slovakia. The number of cooperatives, as well as the area of their farmed land decreased significantly after 1989 and the number of legal entities operating on the land has expanded. In spite of this, however, according to the collected data, it can be stated that in 2018, cooperatives managed 34, 25% of agricultural land in Slovakia. Based on the available statistical data on the development of the structure of agricultural cooperatives and on the basis of legal analysis of the legislation, the authors wish to emphasize the merits of the cooperative form of business as well as the advantages of the cooperatives as a separate form of business under current market conditions. The cooperative, as a separated form of business, is still advantageous for all areas of business including the agricultural business. The advantage of a cooperative form of business is highlighted by its flexibility, relatively simple and more liberal than other legal form of business.","PeriodicalId":445140,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings (part of ERAZ conference collection)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130047961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the adoption of the Agenda 2030, the concept of sustainable development was formally accepted as the dominant development paradigm at the global level. Sustainability in the context of sustainable development does not mean maintaining the status quo, but preserving development opportunities, which is very important for future generations, as well as from the point of view of measuring sustainable development. Among the synthetic indicators that measure sustainable development in a comprehensive manner, special attention should be paid to wealth of nations and adjusted net saving. Wealth is broadly defined to include produced capital, natural capital, human capital, and net foreign assets. Human capital, according to research by the World Bank is the most important component of wealth at the global level and for most countries. The convergence in wealth that is observed between middle-income and high-income countries during the period 1995-2014 is mostly due to the accumulation of human capital, which have raised from massive investments to improve education and health outcomes. The aim of the paper is to point out the significance of measuring sustainable development, as well as the advantages in the use of synthetic indicators, such as wealth and related adjusted net saving. The focus is on the role of human capital in selected synthetic indicators as the leading factor for sustainable development in the 21st century. Measuring of changes in the volume and composition of total and per capita wealth over 20 years in 141 countries, carried out by the World Bank, permits us to monitor, analyze and compare the sustainability of development process worldwide. This is also possible by using adjusted net saving, which help us understand some of the dynamics that drive the changes in wealth. Paper also provides insight into how available wealth and adjusted net saving data can be used to guide a policy towards sustainable development.
{"title":"SYNTHETIC INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE ROLE OF HUMAN CAPITAL","authors":"B. Gavrilović, B. Radivojevic","doi":"10.31410/eraz.2019.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2019.297","url":null,"abstract":"With the adoption of the Agenda 2030, the concept of sustainable development was formally accepted as the dominant development paradigm at the global level. Sustainability in the context of sustainable development does not mean maintaining the status quo, but preserving development opportunities, which is very important for future generations, as well as from the point of view of measuring sustainable development. Among the synthetic indicators that measure sustainable development in a comprehensive manner, special attention should be paid to wealth of nations and adjusted net saving. Wealth is broadly defined to include produced capital, natural capital, human capital, and net foreign assets. Human capital, according to research by the World Bank is the most important component of wealth at the global level and for most countries. The convergence in wealth that is observed between middle-income and high-income countries during the period 1995-2014 is mostly due to the accumulation of human capital, which have raised from massive investments to improve education and health outcomes. The aim of the paper is to point out the significance of measuring sustainable development, as well as the advantages in the use of synthetic indicators, such as wealth and related adjusted net saving. The focus is on the role of human capital in selected synthetic indicators as the leading factor for sustainable development in the 21st century. Measuring of changes in the volume and composition of total and per capita wealth over 20 years in 141 countries, carried out by the World Bank, permits us to monitor, analyze and compare the sustainability of development process worldwide. This is also possible by using adjusted net saving, which help us understand some of the dynamics that drive the changes in wealth. Paper also provides insight into how available wealth and adjusted net saving data can be used to guide a policy towards sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":445140,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings (part of ERAZ conference collection)","volume":"08 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126374692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studying the subject of Legal English is mandatory for the students of Law. Few of the important units of the subject of Legal English are the unit of Labour Law and the unit of Employment Rights. The emphasis of the units is a brief introduction to the nature of these types of law and a presentation, explanation, translation and practice of the relevant vocabulary. The paper „Methodology of Teaching the Labour Law Vocabulary in the Academic Subject of Legal English” deals with the various teaching methods used in the English for Specific Purposes classroom when teaching the vocabulary relevant to the subject matter of Labour Law and Employment Rights. The stress is on the types of exercises (vocabulary, reading and speaking), as well as the methods of conducting them in the classroom.
{"title":"METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING LABOUR LAW VOCABULARY IN THE ACADEMIC SUBJECT OF LEGAL ENGLISH","authors":"Elena Prendjova","doi":"10.31410/eraz.2019.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2019.95","url":null,"abstract":"Studying the subject of Legal English is mandatory for the students of Law. Few of the important units of the subject of Legal English are the unit of Labour Law and the unit of Employment Rights. The emphasis of the units is a brief introduction to the nature of these types of law and a presentation, explanation, translation and practice of the relevant vocabulary. The paper „Methodology of Teaching the Labour Law Vocabulary in the Academic Subject of Legal English” deals with the various teaching methods used in the English for Specific Purposes classroom when teaching the vocabulary relevant to the subject matter of Labour Law and Employment Rights. The stress is on the types of exercises (vocabulary, reading and speaking), as well as the methods of conducting them in the classroom.","PeriodicalId":445140,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings (part of ERAZ conference collection)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121308521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is about time observance and productive performance among employees in the selected city governments in the Philippines. Principally, it attempts to determine if performance of employees is influenced by time observance. Specifically, it is concerned with the level of productive performance among civil servant respondents (n=1,142) as gauged by the attainment of targets and performance rating, the influence of time observance to productive performance, the time-related problems encountered by the civil servant respondents; and lastly, the suggested solution to the time related problems encountered by the respondents. This study utilized the qualitative, descriptive method that employed primary data. A structured questionnaire has been used to explore the set of variables proposed in this study as they apply to local situations. The present study explored the Filipino concept and utilization of official time and how this bears on the performance of their official function. The results of the study concur that in dealing with employees, one must consider individual’s idiosyncrasy. In the case of the small minority of sampled employees whose time observance had been marked by tardiness and absenteeism, supervisors must make it their responsibility to observe them individually so that appropriate solutions can be applied. The 90 percent of the sample who were punctual among the respondents does not pose as a problem insofar as punctuality is concerned. To reinforce the positive behavior of this group and to provide encouragement of the small minority who came to the office either tardy or absent, inculcation on the benefits of wise use of mandated time must be done.
{"title":"TIME OBSERVANCE AND PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF CIVIL SERVANTS: POLICY IMPLICATIONS","authors":"L. Gernal, Sonayah D. Guimba, R. P. Sergio","doi":"10.31410/eraz.2019.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2019.25","url":null,"abstract":"This study is about time observance and productive performance among employees in the selected city governments in the Philippines. Principally, it attempts to determine if performance of employees is influenced by time observance. Specifically, it is concerned with the level of productive performance among civil servant respondents (n=1,142) as gauged by the attainment of targets and performance rating, the influence of time observance to productive performance, the time-related problems encountered by the civil servant respondents; and lastly, the suggested solution to the time related problems encountered by the respondents. This study utilized the qualitative, descriptive method that employed primary data. A structured questionnaire has been used to explore the set of variables proposed in this study as they apply to local situations. The present study explored the Filipino concept and utilization of official time and how this bears on the performance of their official function. The results of the study concur that in dealing with employees, one must consider individual’s idiosyncrasy. In the case of the small minority of sampled employees whose time observance had been marked by tardiness and absenteeism, supervisors must make it their responsibility to observe them individually so that appropriate solutions can be applied. The 90 percent of the sample who were punctual among the respondents does not pose as a problem insofar as punctuality is concerned. To reinforce the positive behavior of this group and to provide encouragement of the small minority who came to the office either tardy or absent, inculcation on the benefits of wise use of mandated time must be done.","PeriodicalId":445140,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings (part of ERAZ conference collection)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126631274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scope of this research is to provide a theoretical framework to the Variable Cost of Capital. Current theory uses Static Capital Structure and Constant Cost of Capital for Firm Valuation. This is being challenged and an improved approach to measure the Firm value on the basis of a Variable Capital Structure and hence Variable Cost of Capital, is being proposed. When a firm changes its Financial Leverage, it is expected that the Components of Cost of Capital will change. Cost of Equity is known to have a linear relation with Financial Leverage). If the level of Debt in Capital Structure varies, the cash flow available to the Debt holders as well as the Equity holders will change. The risk-level borne by the Debt holder as well as the Equity holder will also change. Keeping this in mind, the constancy assumption of the Cost of Debt is being challenged in the paper. The Weighted Average Cost of Capital, useful for discounting firm cash flows, is being estimated as being Variable with time, in the proposed paper. The existing and proposed Valuation Frameworks are being detailed below and the variables in the current literature as well as the proposed concept are tabulated below. This empirical investigation should be conducted with a set of sample firms. The results from the empirical investigation should be divided into Valuation using Static WACC and Valuation using Dynamic WACC. The difference in Value obtained using the two methodologies should be compared for statistical differences. The idea of Dynamic WACC can be extended to the problem of Firm Valuation as well as Project Valuation and Corporate finance practitioners can get a better sense of the risk level of the firm.
{"title":"FRAMEWORK FOR VALUATION UNDER VARIABLE WACC","authors":"U. K. Jagannathan","doi":"10.31410/eraz.2019.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2019.125","url":null,"abstract":"The scope of this research is to provide a theoretical framework to the Variable Cost of Capital. Current theory uses Static Capital Structure and Constant Cost of Capital for Firm Valuation. This is being challenged and an improved approach to measure the Firm value on the basis of a Variable Capital Structure and hence Variable Cost of Capital, is being proposed. When a firm changes its Financial Leverage, it is expected that the Components of Cost of Capital will change. Cost of Equity is known to have a linear relation with Financial Leverage). If the level of Debt in Capital Structure varies, the cash flow available to the Debt holders as well as the Equity holders will change. The risk-level borne by the Debt holder as well as the Equity holder will also change. Keeping this in mind, the constancy assumption of the Cost of Debt is being challenged in the paper. The Weighted Average Cost of Capital, useful for discounting firm cash flows, is being estimated as being Variable with time, in the proposed paper. The existing and proposed Valuation Frameworks are being detailed below and the variables in the current literature as well as the proposed concept are tabulated below. This empirical investigation should be conducted with a set of sample firms. The results from the empirical investigation should be divided into Valuation using Static WACC and Valuation using Dynamic WACC. The difference in Value obtained using the two methodologies should be compared for statistical differences. The idea of Dynamic WACC can be extended to the problem of Firm Valuation as well as Project Valuation and Corporate finance practitioners can get a better sense of the risk level of the firm.","PeriodicalId":445140,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings (part of ERAZ conference collection)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124315133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artur Jastrzebowski, Marek Wierzbiński, Zofia Wierzbińska, al. Niepodleglosci Poznan Poland Evaluation
The purpose of this article was to present the impact of the accounting’s image-creating function on the quality of information generated by the accounting system. Accounting has increased the range of functions over the years. Nowadays, in literature, there are many functions realized by accounting, including, among others, the image-creating function. For the wide range of recipients of information coming from the accounting system, its quality (understood through the prism of usefulness and usability) is very important. The desire to realize the image-accounting function may lead to the distortion of financial information. Therefore, it is especially necessary to supervise the observance of the principles of a faithful and reliable image.
{"title":"IMAGE-CREATING FUNCTION AND CREATION OF RELIABLE AND ACCURATE INFORMATION IN THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM","authors":"Artur Jastrzebowski, Marek Wierzbiński, Zofia Wierzbińska, al. Niepodleglosci Poznan Poland Evaluation","doi":"10.31410/eraz.2019.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2019.277","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article was to present the impact of the accounting’s image-creating function on the quality of information generated by the accounting system. Accounting has increased the range of functions over the years. Nowadays, in literature, there are many functions realized by accounting, including, among others, the image-creating function. For the wide range of recipients of information coming from the accounting system, its quality (understood through the prism of usefulness and usability) is very important. The desire to realize the image-accounting function may lead to the distortion of financial information. Therefore, it is especially necessary to supervise the observance of the principles of a faithful and reliable image.","PeriodicalId":445140,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings (part of ERAZ conference collection)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122043327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Discrimination as a global phenomenon is becoming more and more present in all areas of social life. It is a phenomenon that is relatively difficult to define and more difficult to quantify. On the other hand, the labor relations have dominant importance for quality existence of the citizens and the society as a whole. Moreover, when the aforementioned aspects are considering and analyze through the prism of migration, we face with greater challenge. In this sense, the paper will be focused on studying and analyzing the most important aspects of discrimination of migrants in labor relations. Thus, an overview of the notion and the legal framework of discrimination will be given first. At the same time, the concept of free access to the labor market will be processed, in order to determine the selective approach of the companies in the employment process. At the same time, the lack of intercultural knowledge by the employers will be emphasized, with a special focus on comparing experiences from several countries. In this context, the situation with migration will be positioned worldwide. The paper will give a concrete contribution to clarifying the future of the EU’s economic migration policy, which will need to be well based on the new reality of the regional and global context of the labor market. The calls for new approaches to the labor market policies that consider cross-border mobility, promotes more inclusive employment, increases productivity and labor market participation among all working-age groups, as well as enhances the contribution of migration for growth and competitiveness of the global economy.
{"title":"SOME ASPECTS OF THE DISCRIMINATION OF MIGRANTS IN LABOR RELATIONS","authors":"Marija Kojchevska, Marko Andonov, K. Trajkova","doi":"10.31410/eraz.2019.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2019.191","url":null,"abstract":"Discrimination as a global phenomenon is becoming more and more present in all areas of social life. It is a phenomenon that is relatively difficult to define and more difficult to quantify. On the other hand, the labor relations have dominant importance for quality existence of the citizens and the society as a whole. Moreover, when the aforementioned aspects are considering and analyze through the prism of migration, we face with greater challenge. In this sense, the paper will be focused on studying and analyzing the most important aspects of discrimination of migrants in labor relations. Thus, an overview of the notion and the legal framework of discrimination will be given first. At the same time, the concept of free access to the labor market will be processed, in order to determine the selective approach of the companies in the employment process. At the same time, the lack of intercultural knowledge by the employers will be emphasized, with a special focus on comparing experiences from several countries. In this context, the situation with migration will be positioned worldwide. The paper will give a concrete contribution to clarifying the future of the EU’s economic migration policy, which will need to be well based on the new reality of the regional and global context of the labor market. The calls for new approaches to the labor market policies that consider cross-border mobility, promotes more inclusive employment, increases productivity and labor market participation among all working-age groups, as well as enhances the contribution of migration for growth and competitiveness of the global economy.","PeriodicalId":445140,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings (part of ERAZ conference collection)","volume":"9 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120855980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contemporary world is painted with constant changes, in which the key to economic success lies in the ability to understand them and to optimally adapt to the new business environment. Under conditions where changes are gaining more and more intensity, the condition for the development of every economy becomes precisely innovation. Innovation is a significant factor in the development of the economy and society. As a fundamental driver of the growth of the modern economy, innovation is closely related to the development of science and the creation of new knowledge that is being developed, materialized and applied through innovations through the innovation process. The development of the economy is precisely determined by the ability to create, transfer, apply, and commercialize new knowledge through innovation. The subject of this paper is innovative economies that adapt faster and more successfully to changes in a dynamic environment, more effectively solve social challenges, change the economic structure faster and more successfully and create a viable competitive advantage. The aim of this paper is to point out that the improvement of innovation is a key factor in building an economy and a knowledge-based society, whether it’s developed or developing countries.
{"title":"INNOVATION OF THE ECONOMY AS A KEY DETERMINANT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT","authors":"Adrijana Vukovic, Marijana Milunović, Krsto Jakšić","doi":"10.31410/eraz.2019.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2019.129","url":null,"abstract":"The contemporary world is painted with constant changes, in which the key to economic success lies in the ability to understand them and to optimally adapt to the new business environment. Under conditions where changes are gaining more and more intensity, the condition for the development of every economy becomes precisely innovation. Innovation is a significant factor in the development of the economy and society. As a fundamental driver of the growth of the modern economy, innovation is closely related to the development of science and the creation of new knowledge that is being developed, materialized and applied through innovations through the innovation process. The development of the economy is precisely determined by the ability to create, transfer, apply, and commercialize new knowledge through innovation. The subject of this paper is innovative economies that adapt faster and more successfully to changes in a dynamic environment, more effectively solve social challenges, change the economic structure faster and more successfully and create a viable competitive advantage. The aim of this paper is to point out that the improvement of innovation is a key factor in building an economy and a knowledge-based society, whether it’s developed or developing countries.","PeriodicalId":445140,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings (part of ERAZ conference collection)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134387707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper focuses on a problem identified as one of the scourges of modern society human trafficking. The text contributes to the literature on the topic by analysing the link between precarious work, unemployment and their interrelationship with migration, and the growing vulnerability of large groups of people to fall into trafficking. Through a secondary analysis of documents and a statistics analysis, gathered by international institutions, a context is presented in which the vulnerability of people to human trafficking is increased and defends the assertion that a solution to the problem should be sought at the macro level by adopting international agreements on joint activities and efforts against this phenomenon, as well as on the meso and micro level.
{"title":"PRECARIOUS WORK AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING – GLOBAL CHALLENGES, GLOBAL SOLUTIONS","authors":"Radoslav Stamenkov","doi":"10.31410/eraz.2019.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2019.101","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on a problem identified as one of the scourges of modern society human trafficking. The text contributes to the literature on the topic by analysing the link between precarious work, unemployment and their interrelationship with migration, and the growing vulnerability of large groups of people to fall into trafficking. Through a secondary analysis of documents and a statistics analysis, gathered by international institutions, a context is presented in which the vulnerability of people to human trafficking is increased and defends the assertion that a solution to the problem should be sought at the macro level by adopting international agreements on joint activities and efforts against this phenomenon, as well as on the meso and micro level.","PeriodicalId":445140,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings (part of ERAZ conference collection)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114960713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to evaluate the environmental condition of the „Gjanica” river by analyzing different physiochemical parameters. Pollution has been present in this river since the beginning of industrialization and urbanization of the city of Fier, Albania. The main sources of surface water pollution in this country are wastewaters containing organic substances, soluble phosphorous and nitrogen compounds that favor the eutrophication process. A major pollutant of this river has as its source also the oil refinery that discharges untreated waters. Sampling was carried out at 5 points along the „Gjanica” river, points in which there are significant changes of allowed values of surface water parameters. Experiments carried out are: pH determination, Redox potential determination, Electrical conductivity determination, dissolved O2, BOD5, Alkalinity, Chlorides. The assessment of natural waters quality is determined on the physical-chemical parameters comparing with the allowed values in the EU Water Framework Directive.
{"title":"EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION OF “GJANICA” RIVER MEASURING PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS","authors":"A. Myrtaj, I. Malollari","doi":"10.31410/eraz.2019.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2019.365","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to evaluate the environmental condition of the „Gjanica” river by analyzing different physiochemical parameters. Pollution has been present in this river since the beginning of industrialization and urbanization of the city of Fier, Albania. The main sources of surface water pollution in this country are wastewaters containing organic substances, soluble phosphorous and nitrogen compounds that favor the eutrophication process. A major pollutant of this river has as its source also the oil refinery that discharges untreated waters. Sampling was carried out at 5 points along the „Gjanica” river, points in which there are significant changes of allowed values of surface water parameters. Experiments carried out are: pH determination, Redox potential determination, Electrical conductivity determination, dissolved O2, BOD5, Alkalinity, Chlorides. The assessment of natural waters quality is determined on the physical-chemical parameters comparing with the allowed values in the EU Water Framework Directive.","PeriodicalId":445140,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings (part of ERAZ conference collection)","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124166250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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