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Sexism and racism in South Africa’s TV industry 南非电视行业的性别歧视和种族主义
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2022.2148875
Tiisetso Tlelima
abstract This profile looks at misogyny and anti-blackness within South Africa’s film and television industry, both on screen and off screen, and the direct link that representation has to the way we live our lives. The central question is regarding how popular culture shapes our lives and the way we see ourselves. South Africa’s television industry is booming. Viewers have more content to choose from than 20 years ago when they only had the option of a few soaps and dramas. More black people are working in the industry as writers, directors and producers – yet the content being created still reproduces sexist and racist images of black people for profit. White supremacist capitalist patriarchy, which is indicative of the power structures that remain unchanged, is the only lens through which black life is seen and represented. The article will provide an analysis of the industry within the broader context of moviemaking and Hollywood, drawing on the works of bell hooks (1997) and Stuart Hall (1997). It includes interviews with writer Bongi Ndaba and feminist and activist Rosie Motene on their experiences in working in the industry as black women and what resistance should look like.
这篇简介着眼于南非电影和电视行业中的厌女症和反黑人现象,无论是在银幕上还是银幕下,以及这种表现与我们生活方式的直接联系。核心问题是流行文化如何塑造我们的生活和我们看待自己的方式。南非的电视产业正在蓬勃发展。与20年前相比,观众可以选择的内容更多了,当时他们只能选择几部肥皂剧和电视剧。越来越多的黑人在这个行业担任编剧、导演和制片人——然而,正在创作的内容仍然在复制黑人的性别歧视和种族主义形象,以获取利润。白人至上主义的资本主义父权制,是权力结构保持不变的标志,是观察和代表黑人生活的唯一镜头。本文将在电影制作和好莱坞的更广泛背景下对该行业进行分析,借鉴bell hooks(1997)和Stuart Hall(1997)的作品。它包括对作家Bongi Ndaba和女权主义者和活动家Rosie Motene的采访,讲述了她们作为黑人女性在这个行业工作的经历,以及应该如何抵抗。
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引用次数: 0
From Black Consciousness to Black Lives Matter: Confronting the colonial legacy of colourism in South Africa 从黑人意识到黑人的生命至关重要:直面南非肤色主义的殖民遗产
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2022.2166240
Simran Anjari
abstract The systems of oppression that plagued South Africa’s recent history worked on two distinct yet intertwined levels – race and colour – and as a result, colourism, or intra-racial discrimination, remains a complex phenomenon in the country. Colonial rule and racial segregation established a problematic relationship between skin colour and access to socio-economic opportunities and this not only encouraged a yearning for white skin (or light skin) among many Black, Coloured, and Indian South Africans, it also led to the emergence of a local, highly profitable skin-lightening industry. However, colourism and skin-lightening practices have been met with significant resistance: the Black Consciousness Movement raised public awareness on the dangers of skin-lightening practices and successfully pressured the South African Government to regulate the manufacturing and retailing of skin-lightening products in the country. More recently, the Black Lives Matter movement sparked global conversations on racism and other inequalities faced by Black people and other communities of colour. This article employs a Black feminist lens to trace the history of colourism and skin-lightening practices in South Africa and to highlight the importance of Black national and transnational activism in the fight against colourism and skin-lightening.
困扰南非近代史的压迫制度在两个不同但相互交织的层面上运作——种族和肤色——因此,肤色主义或种族内歧视在该国仍然是一种复杂的现象。殖民统治和种族隔离在肤色和获得社会经济机会之间建立了一种有问题的关系,这不仅鼓励了许多黑人、有色人种和印度裔南非人对白色皮肤(或浅色皮肤)的渴望,还导致了当地高利润的皮肤美白行业的出现。然而,肤色歧视和美白做法遭到了巨大的抵制:黑人意识运动提高了公众对美白做法危险性的认识,并成功地向南非政府施压,要求其监管该国美白产品的制造和零售。最近,“黑人的命也是命”运动引发了关于黑人和其他有色人种面临的种族主义和其他不平等问题的全球对话。本文采用黑人女权主义的视角来追溯南非肤色歧视和皮肤美白实践的历史,并强调黑人国家和跨国行动主义在反对肤色歧视和肤色美白方面的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
The work of making things work: A review of Practices of Repair 使事物运转的工作:修理实践综述
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2022.2180183
Naadira Patel
The exhibition Practices of Repair framed and set the tone for the four-day public programme Power Talks Johannesburg, initiated by the Goethe Institut Johannesburg and the African Centre for Cities to address and understand the power dynamics at work between cultural institutions and the African societies and contexts in which they operate. The Johannesburg conversation, focused on notions of ‘repair’ in the context of the city, its suburbs, its pathways and corridors, its physical and social infrastructure, and its spaces of cultural production.
“修复实践”展览为为期四天的公共项目“约翰内斯堡权力对话”奠定了框架和基调,该项目由约翰内斯堡歌德学院和非洲城市中心发起,旨在解决和理解文化机构与非洲社会及其运作环境之间的权力动态。约翰内斯堡的对话集中在城市、郊区、道路和走廊、物质和社会基础设施以及文化生产空间等背景下的“修复”概念。
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引用次数: 0
Black transnational feminisms and the question of structure 黑人跨国女权主义和结构问题
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2022.2216061
Danai S. Mupotsa
Eddie Ombagi’s (2020) fragments of corona time is written as care, holding, unbearable, still, “We are undone – we have been made undone – we are undoing ourselves.” Eleven days after his words were published, George Floyd was murdered by police in Minneapolis, propelling thousands to protest in that city, saturating the global event-time of the coronavirus pandemic with the sigh for freedom articulated as Black Lives Matter. The second, equally long passage is drawn from Frederick Douglass’ 1855 My Bondage, My Freedom (Blacks in the New World) (Douglass 2022). ‘What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?’ is the title of a speech Douglass delivered to 600 people on the invitation of the Rochester Ladies Anti-Slavery Society,
埃迪·奥巴吉(Eddie Ombagi, 2020)的《日冕时间片段》(fragments of corona time)以忧虑、坚持、难以忍受、静止的方式写着:“我们要完蛋了——我们被人弄完蛋了——我们要完蛋了。”在他的言论发表11天后,乔治·弗洛伊德在明尼阿波利斯被警察谋杀,促使该市数千人举行抗议活动,在冠状病毒大流行的全球事件时间里,“黑人的命也是命”(Black Lives Matter)表达了对自由的叹息。第二段同样长的文字摘自弗雷德里克·道格拉斯1855年的《我的奴役,我的自由(新大陆的黑人)》(道格拉斯2022)。“七月四日对奴隶来说有什么意义?”这是道格拉斯应罗切斯特妇女反奴隶制协会的邀请对600人发表的演讲的题目,
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引用次数: 0
Embodying transnational queer Black and Brown utopia in alternative QTPOC nightlife spaces 在另类的QTPOC夜生活空间中体现跨国界酷儿黑棕乌托邦
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2022.2148924
M. Bhardwaj
abstract This focus explores queer Black and Brown feminist and utopian politics as imagined in modern-day alternative nightlife spaces. This is done through case studies of the QTPOC (Queer and Trans People of Colour) nightlife spaces of Queertopia by the Other Village People in Johannesburg, Misery Party and Pxssy Palace in London, and Papi Juice and BK Boihood in New York. These cities are particularly lifted up as spaces of Black and Brown resistance to white dominance and racial capital, even within LGBTQIA+ spaces that implicitly or explicitly do not cater to Black and Brown queers. Through these examinations, it is argued that queer feminists of colour are embodying queer utopia through parties that centre healing, mental health, ancestral faith practices, queer Black and Brown music and dance traditions, and spaces for activists and cultural workers to gather beyond mainstream bars and nightlife. By linking these practices to transnational resistance to racial capitalism and cisheterophobia, and by particularly catering to queer people of colour involved in social movement, resistance, and cultural organising work, these parties exist as experiments in Black and Brown transnational feminist practice. This article examines the bonds that organisers and attendees of these parties build with each other across borders, both in physical nightlife spaces as well as in digital spaces conducted during COVID-19 lockdowns that explicitly brought queer people of colour together to dance and dream transnationally. It ultimately argues that these nightlife spaces are practices of imagining the possibility of utopias where queer people of colour thrive beyond borders.
这一焦点探讨了在现代另类夜生活空间中想象的酷儿黑人和棕色人种女权主义和乌托邦政治。这是通过约翰内斯堡的其他村民、伦敦的Misery Party和Pxssy Palace以及纽约的Papi Juice和BK Boihood对Queertopia的QTPOC(酷儿和跨性别有色人种)夜生活空间的案例研究完成的。这些城市尤其被提升为黑人和棕色人种反抗白人统治和种族资本的空间,即使在LGBTQIA内部也是如此+ 含蓄或明确地不迎合黑人和棕色人种的空间。通过这些检查,有人认为,有色人种酷儿女权主义者正在通过以治愈、心理健康、祖先信仰实践、黑人和棕色人种酷儿音乐和舞蹈传统为中心的派对,以及活动家和文化工作者在主流酒吧和夜生活之外聚集的空间,体现酷儿乌托邦。通过将这些做法与跨国抵制种族资本主义和异性恋恐惧症联系起来,特别是通过迎合参与社会运动、抵抗和文化组织工作的有色人种酷儿,这些政党作为黑人和棕色人种跨国女权主义实践的实验而存在。这篇文章探讨了这些派对的组织者和参与者在实体夜生活空间以及在新冠肺炎封锁期间进行的数字空间中建立的跨境联系,这些封锁明确地将有色人种酷儿聚集在一起,在全国范围内跳舞和做梦。它最终认为,这些夜生活空间是想象乌托邦可能性的实践,在乌托邦中,有色人种的酷儿在境外茁壮成长。
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引用次数: 1
Temporal disjunctures and cultures of the post-apartheid imagination: A review of Sisafunda Futhi Siselapha (Still Here): Black Feminist Approaches to Cultural Studies in South Africa’s Twenty-Five Years Since 1994 后种族隔离想象的时间断裂和文化:对Sisafunda Futhi Siselapha (Still Here)的回顾:1994年以来南非25年的黑人女性主义文化研究方法
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2022.2198803
Sihle Motsa
a theoretical foray
理论上的尝试
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引用次数: 0
Third World feminist agrarian struggles and the colonial question for transnational feminist solidarity 第三世界女权主义的土地斗争与跨国女权主义团结的殖民问题
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2022.2183571
Lyn Ossome
abstract Third World agrarian feminists have, through debates and struggles over the course of at least nine decades, explored the meanings of liberation – directly through involvement in land and agrarian struggles, and indirectly through solidarity with movements against raising other related social justice questions. The link between feminist agrarian movements and the broader movements is partly based on a common historical concern with gender as a colonising substructure. In the still largely agrarian south, for instance, the gender question to class would highlight the regimes of gendered labour which fracture solidarity among working people, and ask whether feminist resistance can undermine the basic gendered structure of reproduction that stabilised the colonial/capitalist mode of accumulation. To ethnicity, the question would be the extent to which feminist movements can overcome reactionary nationalisms in order to reach for global Black solidarities on the basis of shared transnational histories. To race, the question would be the extent to which Black feminists can overcome the universalising tendencies of empire in order to retain a structural critique of the ways in which structural racism aids capitalist exploitation of gendered labour. Drawing on these concerns, this article examines various contemporary feminist agrarian questions from a global south vantage point, highlighting the limitations which these questions present to the (de)colonial present, and possibilities that exist in articulating a position in which the colonial question is core to gender and Black feminist solidarities.
第三世界农业女权主义者通过至少90年的辩论和斗争,探索了解放的意义——直接通过参与土地和农业斗争,间接通过声援反对提出其他相关社会正义问题的运动。女权主义农业运动和更广泛的运动之间的联系部分是基于对性别作为殖民底层结构的共同历史关注。例如,在仍以农业为主的南方,阶级的性别问题将突出性别劳动制度,这些制度破坏了劳动人民之间的团结,并询问女权主义的抵抗是否会破坏稳定殖民/资本主义积累模式的基本性别再生产结构。对于种族而言,问题在于女权主义运动在多大程度上能够克服反动的民族主义,以便在共同的跨国历史基础上实现全球黑人团结。对于种族,问题将是黑人女权主义者能够在多大程度上克服帝国的普遍化倾向,以便对结构性种族主义帮助资本主义剥削性别劳动力的方式保持结构性批判。基于这些担忧,本文从全球南方的角度审视了当代各种女权主义农业问题,强调了这些问题对(去)殖民时代的局限性,以及在阐明殖民问题是性别和黑人女权主义团结核心的立场时存在的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Maps and mazes: Pathways to the folkloric imagination 地图和迷宫:通往民俗想象的途径
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2022.2150135
Ayabulela Mhlahlo
abstract This article considers the symbolic methods of reading the text through black women’s experimental strategies of abstract cartographies and labyrinthine imaginations. It thinks about the problem of ‘transnational’ mapping and motion from the experimental and symbolic realm of (playful) abstraction. I am primarily concerned with Katherine McKittrick’s reinvocation of Sylvia Wynter’s play on the mathematical concept of “Demonic Grounds” and Nongenile Masithathu Zenani’s labyrinthine puzzles in the realm of isiXhosa folkloric imagination. According to Katherine McKittrick, cartographic methods that arise from plantation modernity symbolically render black people “ungeographic” (McKittrick 2006). That is, geography as a scientific and discursive method of interpreting and mapping the material and immaterial conceptions of the world tends to mark out or make absent the presence of blackness in space, time, and motion. If we were to read the modern spatial world as a text (Harris 1999; Hateb 1990), then cartographic logics would submerge blackness under “sub-zero degrees” of knowledge and the imagination (Spillers 1987; Morrison 1995). This is what Sylvia Wynter calls the “demonic grounds” of abstract conception (McKittrick 2006, p. xxiv). McKittrick asserts, “In mathematics, physics and computational science, the demonic connotes a working system that cannot have a determined, or knowable outcome. The demonic is a nondeterministic schema: it is hinged on uncertainty and non-linearity because the organizing principle cannot predict the future” (McKittrick 2006, xxiv). My question is: How do we begin to excavate, move through and fashion different models of the world in this submerged space of ‘demonic grounds’? Nongenile Masithathu Zenani, a master Xhosa folklorist and mythologist, traces a legendary figure’s journey through a puzzling labyrinthine journey under these ‘sub-zero zones’ or ‘demonic grounds’ of symbolic abstraction. This article synthesises and conjoins black women’s abstract and symbolic practices from different parts of the black world.
本文通过黑人女性的抽象制图实验策略和迷宫般的想象来思考阅读文本的象征方法。它从(好玩的)抽象的实验和象征领域思考“跨国”映射和运动的问题。我主要关注的是凯瑟琳·麦基特里克对西尔维娅·温特关于“恶魔之地”数学概念的戏剧的重新演绎,以及农杰妮尔·马西塔图·泽纳尼在伊西科萨民俗想象领域的迷宫般的谜题。根据Katherine McKittrick的说法,种植园现代性产生的制图方法象征性地使黑人成为“非地理的”(McKittrik,2006年)。也就是说,地理学作为一种解释和绘制世界物质和非物质概念的科学和散漫方法,往往会在空间、时间和运动中标出或忽略黑色的存在。如果我们把现代空间世界作为一个文本来阅读(Harris 1999;Hateb 1990),那么制图逻辑将把黑暗淹没在知识和想象力的“零度以下”之下(Spillers 1987;Morrison 1995)。这就是Sylvia Wynter所说的抽象概念的“恶魔基础”(McKittrick 2006,第xxiv页)。McKittrick断言,“在数学、物理学和计算科学中,恶魔意味着一个无法确定或可知结果的工作系统。恶魔是一种不确定的模式:它取决于不确定性和非线性,因为组织原理无法预测未来”(McKittrik 2006,xxiv)。我的问题是:在这个“恶魔之地”的淹没空间里,我们如何开始挖掘、穿越和塑造不同的世界模型?科萨民俗学家和神话学家Nongenile Masithathu Zenani追溯了一位传奇人物在这些象征抽象的“零度以下区域”或“恶魔地带”下经历的一段令人费解的迷宫之旅。本文综合并结合了黑人世界不同地区黑人女性的抽象和象征性实践。
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引用次数: 0
Surfacing: For our survival and our joy 冲浪:为了我们的生存和快乐
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2022.2198826
Tumi Mampane
abstract In this perspective, I reflect on the surface, as articulated in Desiree Lewis and Gabeba Baderoon’s (2021) edited collection, Surfacing: On Being Black and Feminist in South Africa. To surface, in the first instance, is an engagement with my own points of entry in Black feminist scholarship and further, implicated in the range of methods in praxis within the book, a means by and through which situating myself, also offered as ‘positionings’ orients Black feminist, or Blackwomen in my usage, in the work of knowledge production. Surfacing also situates Blackwomen’s knowledge production, reorienting – ‘unmaking’, ‘homing’ – the locus of Black feminist scholarship from the dominance of the global North. I have explored ‘Home’ as an inside/outside situation that illuminates Black feminist and Blackwomen’s approaches to making knowledge, a practice of writing that deeply resonates with the vantage points of a praxis of surfacing.
在这个视角下,我反思了表面,正如Desiree Lewis和Gabeba Baderoon(2021)编辑的合集《表面:南非的黑人和女权主义者》所阐述的那样。首先,浮出水面是对我自己在黑人女权主义学术中的切入点的参与,此外,还涉及到书中实践的一系列方法,这是一种定位我自己的手段,也被称为“定位”,在知识生产工作中定位黑人女权主义者,或我使用的黑人妇女。表面处理也定位于黑人女性的知识生产,重新定位——“揭露”、“归巢”——黑人女权主义学术的中心,使其摆脱全球北方的主导地位。我探索了《家》,将其作为一种内部/外部的情境,阐明了黑人女权主义者和黑人女性获取知识的方法,这种写作实践与浮出水面的实践的有利位置产生了深刻的共鸣。
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引用次数: 0
African feminisms for abolitionist futures: archival hauntings in a speculative geography 废奴主义未来的非洲女性主义:投机地理中的档案萦绕
Q4 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/10130950.2022.2182970
S. M. Rodriguez
abstract The interdependent, collective agency shown by women of African descent reveals the possibility of making Black lives matter, even in the death-worlding structures of carceralism and coloniality. This article emancipates penal abolitionist theorising from whiteness by centring Black political womanhood. I argue that the legacy of anti-imperial and anti-capitalist struggle contributes to an archival haunting of the colonial carceral diaspora. Methodologically, this article cross-reads three narratives of borderless resistance, considering Claudia Jones, La Mulâtresse Solitude, and Stella Nyanzi as figures who fight and collectivise before, during and after incarceration. To counter the coloniality of time, this article unmoors itself from period-based or ‘tensed’ language. As coloniality remains present for the three, I endeavour to connect their struggles in and for the present and frame their resistance using Black, African, and anticarceral feminist literature. Ultimately, by centring these stories, the article positions today’s abolition as emergent from an African praxis of direct action, anti-capitalist critique and rehumanisation in prisons and colonies.
非洲裔女性所表现出的相互依存的集体能动性揭示了让黑人的生命变得重要的可能性,即使在尸体主义和殖民主义的死亡世界结构中也是如此。本文以黑人政治女性为中心,将刑罚废奴主义理论从白人中解放出来。我认为,反帝国和反资本主义斗争的遗产导致了殖民地散居者的档案挥之不去。在方法论上,这篇文章交叉阅读了三种关于无国界抵抗的叙事,将克劳迪娅·琼斯、La Mulâtresse Solitude和Stella Nyanzi视为在监禁前、监禁期间和监禁后进行斗争和集体化的人物。为了对抗时间的殖民性,本文将自己从基于时代或“时态”的语言中解放出来。由于殖民主义对三人来说仍然存在,我努力将他们在当下的斗争联系起来,并利用黑人、非洲和反殖民的女权主义文学来构建他们的抵抗。最终,通过集中这些故事,文章将今天的废除死刑定位为非洲直接行动、反资本主义批判和监狱和殖民地重新人性化的实践。
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引用次数: 0
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