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Mass Calibration with Robotic Mass Comparators 用机器人质量比较器进行质量校准
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.19
Mark Kliebenschaedel
A robotic mass comparator is very productive, reliable and accurate piece of equipment which is used for the calibration of weights by national institutes, calibration laboratories and weights producers to calibrate all weight classes from the smallest available weight, starting from 0.05mg, up to 20kg. Performance and reliability on the one hand, productivity on the other, are of concern to metrologists. To meet their requirements, many factors have to be considered from the operator side as well as from the manufacturer side. This paper gives an overview of robotic systems, the ideal operation and the relevant factors which have to be taken into consideration.
机器人质量比较器是一种非常高效、可靠和准确的设备,被国家机构、校准实验室和重量生产商用于校准所有重量级别,从最小的可用重量开始,从0.05mg到20kg。一方面是性能和可靠性,另一方面是生产率,这是计量学家所关心的。为了满足他们的要求,必须从运营商和制造商方面考虑许多因素。本文概述了机器人系统,理想的操作和必须考虑的相关因素。
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引用次数: 0
A Transportable Josephson Voltage Standard 一个可移动的约瑟夫逊电压标准
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.16
John Ball
The Army has actively participated in the development and application of quantum voltage standards since the US practical Volt was redefined by NIST in terms of the Josephson Effect in 1972. An Army-led collaborative effort resulted in the commercialization of Josephson array technology in the mi-1990s. Today, the Josephson Effect defines the SI representation of the Volt and Josephson-based systems serve as standards in national metrology institutes and primary laboratories throughout the world. An Army effort is currently underway to make quantum voltage metrology systems practical for use outside the primary standards laboratory by making them more robust, simpler to operate, and eliminating the requirement for liquid helium. The first prototype of a more practical quantum voltage standard is currently being tested at the Army Primary Standards Laboratory (APSL) in Alabama. The new voltage standard is compact, transportable, self-contained, and cryogenically-cooled. This paper describes the prototype and the results of performance tests, including indirect comparisons to the Army primary Josephson voltage standard.
自1972年美国国家标准与技术研究院根据约瑟夫森效应重新定义美国实用伏特以来,陆军一直积极参与量子电压标准的开发和应用。在20世纪90年代中期,陆军领导的合作努力导致了约瑟夫森阵列技术的商业化。今天,约瑟夫森效应定义了伏特和约瑟夫森为基础的系统的SI表示,作为世界各地国家计量研究所和主要实验室的标准。陆军目前正在努力使量子电压计量系统在主要标准实验室之外实用,使其更坚固,操作更简单,并消除对液氦的需求。一个更实用的量子电压标准的第一个原型目前正在阿拉巴马州的陆军初级标准实验室(APSL)进行测试。新的电压标准是紧凑的,可运输的,独立的,和低温冷却。本文描述了原型和性能测试的结果,包括与陆军初级约瑟夫森电压标准的间接比较。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-Parameter Electrical Inter-Laboratory Comparison: ILC Thoughts, Experiences, and RP-15 多参数电气实验室间比较:ILC思想、经验和RP-15
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.14
Leif D. King
This paper will present and discuss practical and other considerations regarding ILCs in general and complex multi-parameter ILCs with multiple possible methodologies and complexities. The experiences and lessons learned from conducting an ILC for the first time with the added factors of complexity combined with the lack of experience of even participating in an ILC will also be explored. NCSLI RP-15 on ILCs was used as a framework and all discussions will be presented in relation to following and implementing its proposed framework including both the official version of RP-15 at the time as well as the draft revision nearing release.
本文将介绍和讨论一般和具有多种可能方法和复杂性的复杂多参数ilc的实际和其他考虑因素。还将探讨第一次进行国际法委员会的经验和教训,加上复杂性因素,加上甚至没有参加国际法委员会的经验。关于ilc的NCSLI RP-15被用作框架,所有讨论都将涉及遵循和实施其提议的框架,包括当时RP-15的官方版本以及即将发布的修订草案。
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引用次数: 0
Storytelling as a Knowledge Management Tool in Metrology 讲故事作为计量学知识管理工具
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.37
M.C. Jose Francisco Rodriguez-Silva
Today, the usual way of doing business involves presenting quantitative data, including sales, profits, investment, and growth, among others. To do this, the most used resources to support decisions are software-visual presentations, flip charts, calculations, standards, procedures, and even information via the Internet [1]. Similarly, in the world of metrology, executives present data on: number of services, equipment calibration, certification of laboratories, companies visited, repeatability and reproducibility studies, and technological advances that reference research and standards from Metrology Centers. This way of using data and visualization is necessary, appropriate and works. However, how many times does this approach result in the feeling that it was not enough to close a successful business deal? What if they had missed the “hard” data? What was missing if only technology was used to support a sale and what was missing if…? Perhaps one solution is Storytelling! The aim of this paper is to present Storytelling as a useful tool in Knowledge Management (KM) for displaying knowledge in an organization, and in particular, in a metrology organization through story capsule configuration. At first, this paper presents the theoretical framework underlying the concept of Storytelling, its importance and its constituent elements. A brief description is made based on several important authors who have written on the subject. Secondly, we present the theoretical framework that sustains knowledge, its taxonomies and KM. Thirdly, we describe KM and its relationship with Storytelling, the representation of a story from the perspective of KM and deployment of Storytelling in the organization. Finally, we describe metrology from their types or main activities, and we present an approach to KM in metrology through Storytelling. The use and application of Storytelling is intended to support students’ skills in a career in this field (cognitive, psychomotor and social-emotional), and to provide insight to practitioners of the discipline of metrology on creative ways to present information about their work.
今天,做生意的通常方式包括提供定量数据,包括销售、利润、投资和增长等。要做到这一点,支持决策的最常用资源是软件可视化演示、活动图表、计算、标准、过程,甚至是通过Internet[1]提供的信息。同样,在计量领域,高管们也会提供以下方面的数据:服务数量、设备校准、实验室认证、访问过的公司、可重复性和再现性研究,以及参考计量中心研究和标准的技术进步。这种使用数据和可视化的方式是必要的、适当的和有效的。然而,有多少次这种方法会让人觉得它不足以达成一笔成功的商业交易?如果他们错过了“硬”数据呢?如果只使用技术来支持销售,会缺少什么?如果……也许一个解决方案就是讲故事!本文的目的是将讲故事作为知识管理(KM)中的一种有用的工具,用于在组织中显示知识,特别是通过故事胶囊配置在计量组织中显示知识。本文首先介绍了讲故事概念的理论框架、重要性及其构成要素。简要介绍了几位重要的作家在这个问题上的著述。其次,我们提出了支撑知识、知识分类和知识管理的理论框架。第三,我们描述了知识管理及其与讲故事的关系、知识管理视角下的故事表现和讲故事在组织中的部署。最后,我们从计量的类型或主要活动来描述计量,并通过讲故事的方式提出计量中的知识管理方法。使用和应用讲故事的目的是支持学生在该领域的职业技能(认知,精神运动和社会情感),并为计量学科的从业者提供创造性的方式来展示他们的工作信息的见解。
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引用次数: 0
A Simple Approach to LEAN in the Laboratory? 实验室精益化的简单方法?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.28
Dean S. Williams
Whether a commercial calibration laboratory or an in-house corporate laboratory, and whether we like it or not, the realities of today's economy demand we embrace continuous improvement efforts. But how do you go about it? Where do you start? And where do you find the time, resources, budget and most importantly the corporate backing to undertake a comprehensive process improvement program? The author describes his Lab's journey through the continuous process improvement maze, why LEAN became the next logical step for the Duke Energy Lab, and why you don't need to have a black belt in LEAN-SIX SIGMA to get started. The author provides a simple primer on the background and principles of LEAN. The seemingly complex collection of Japanese words and ideas will be demystified and the difference between words like Muda, Mura, and Muri, or Kanban, Kaizen, and Kaikaku will be explained in plain English. Value Stream Mapping and how it can help you spot areas for improvement will be described, and why the concept of Pull is so important to reducing inventory and turn-times. The author then details a few of the specific LEAN initiatives that were designed and implemented at the Duke Energy Standards Lab, showing how these initiatives reduced waste, improved effectiveness of the overall operation, and provided the customer with a higher level of service with no additional man-power resources and little out of pocket costs. Finally the author provides some resources and helpful hints for implementing LEAN in a simple and effective way.
无论是商业校准实验室还是公司内部实验室,无论我们喜欢与否,当今经济的现实要求我们不断努力改进。但是你该怎么做呢?你从哪里开始?您从哪里找到时间、资源、预算以及最重要的是公司支持来进行全面的流程改进计划?作者描述了他的实验室在持续过程改进迷宫中的旅程,为什么精益成为杜克能源实验室的下一个合乎逻辑的步骤,以及为什么你不需要有精益-六西格玛黑带就可以开始。作者简单介绍了精益生产的背景和原理。这些看似复杂的日语词汇和概念的集合将被揭开神秘面纱,像Muda, Mura和Muri,或者Kanban, Kaizen和Kaikaku这些词之间的区别将用简单的英语解释。价值流映射以及它如何帮助你发现需要改进的地方,以及为什么拉的概念对减少库存和周转时间如此重要。然后,作者详细介绍了杜克能源标准实验室设计和实施的一些具体的精益计划,展示了这些计划如何减少浪费,提高整体操作的有效性,并在没有额外人力资源和很少的自掏腰包的情况下为客户提供更高水平的服务。最后,作者提供了一些资源和有用的提示,以简单有效的方式实施精益。
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引用次数: 0
SCARs, CARs, NCRs, CAPAs, and Complaints - What's it all mean?? scar, CARs, ncr, capa和抱怨——这都是什么意思?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.22
Harry C Spinks
ISO 17025 requires an accredited lab to have a program for (4.8) Complaints, (4.9) Nonconforming work (NCR), (4.11) Corrective Actions, and (4.12) Preventative Actions (CAPA). But what does that mean? And how does that impact the lab and the customers (you)?One of the benefits of ISO 17025 accreditation is the requirement of the lab to provide good, if not great, customer service. Your organization does not need an ISO certification or accreditation to adopt these processes to improve quality. The purpose of this paper is to present a basic understanding of the process for resolving customer issues and non-conformances within an organization • particularly the calibration or test lab accredited to ISO 17025.
ISO 17025要求认可的实验室有以下程序:(4.8)投诉,(4.9)不符合工作(NCR),(4.11)纠正措施,(4.12)预防措施(CAPA)。但这意味着什么呢?这对实验室和客户(你)有什么影响?ISO 17025认证的好处之一是要求实验室提供良好的客户服务,如果不是很好的话。贵组织不需要ISO认证或认可来采用这些流程来提高质量。本文的目的是提供对解决组织内客户问题和不符合项的过程的基本理解•特别是通过ISO 17025认证的校准或测试实验室。
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引用次数: 0
Process Accuracy vs Process Uncertainty (Risk Mitigation: Calibration and the Customer’s Process) 过程准确性与过程不确定性(风险缓解:校准和客户过程)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.45
Jeremy Sims
The requirements for the process accuracy may be dictated by the requirements of the expected output of the process or product. The ratio between the process accuracy (i.e., the acceptance limits of the manufacturing process, or it could be the product itself) and the instrument accuracy (i.e., the equipment used to measure the process) is the Process Accuracy Ratio (PAR). Just as a calibration standard’s accuracy is an incomplete representation of a calibration process, the sole use of accuracies of the manufacturing measurement process may omit large errors that could change the outcome of the measurement or test. The measuring process can be impacted by many factors. We will define the inclusion of possible sources of error as uncertainty components of the process and thus more exactly define the ratio as the Process Uncertainty Ratio (PUR).Calibration laboratories have the same need to determine the uncertainties of their measurement processes. An important part of metrological traceability is uncertainty and a good measurement assurance program. We have to build an uncertainty budget for the measurement process whether it relates to calibration of instruments or the use of instruments to measure a manufacturing process or the end product. Metrology laboratories that are accredited to ISO17025 are required to calculate the uncertainties of their calibration processes. In a similar manner, you can demonstrate that all the possible components of error are accounted for when determining the process uncertainty. Questions that should be asked: What possible components of error will affect my output or product (time, atmospheric conditions, uncertainty of the calibration performed on the instrument I am using, proper use of the instrument upon which pass/fail decisions are being made, et.al.)? What is the potential risk involved if the process isn’t evaluated for potential components of error? We may find that the accuracy of the instrument used to measure the process may not be the biggest contributor of error in the process. Once we determine the potential errors, we can begin to eliminate as much of that error as possible through statistical process control (SPC) or other means. As the customer of calibration services, it is your responsibility to ensure the calibration received supports your process requirements and that you take into account all sources of error when using instruments to make decisions about your manufacturing processes or concerning your product’s quality.
对工艺精度的要求可以由工艺或产品的预期输出的要求来决定。工艺精度(即制造工艺的可接受限度,也可以是产品本身)与仪器精度(即用于测量工艺的设备)之间的比率称为工艺精度比(PAR)。正如校准标准的精度是校准过程的不完整表示,制造测量过程的精度的唯一使用可能会忽略可能改变测量或测试结果的大误差。测量过程会受到许多因素的影响。我们将把可能的误差来源定义为过程的不确定成分,从而更准确地将该比率定义为过程不确定比(PUR)。校准实验室同样需要确定其测量过程的不确定度。计量溯源的一个重要组成部分是不确定度和良好的测量保证程序。我们必须为测量过程建立一个不确定度预算,无论它是否与仪器校准或使用仪器来测量制造过程或最终产品有关。通过ISO17025认证的计量实验室需要计算其校准过程的不确定度。以类似的方式,您可以证明在确定过程不确定性时考虑了所有可能的错误组成部分。应该问的问题:哪些可能的误差成分会影响我的输出或产品(时间、大气条件、我正在使用的仪器上进行的校准的不确定度、做出合格/不合格决定的仪器的正确使用,等等)?如果不针对潜在的错误因素对流程进行评估,那么涉及到的潜在风险是什么?我们可能会发现,用于测量过程的仪器的精度可能不是过程中误差的最大贡献者。一旦我们确定了潜在的误差,我们就可以开始通过统计过程控制(SPC)或其他手段尽可能多地消除该误差。作为校准服务的客户,你们有责任确保收到的校准符合你们的工艺要求,并且在使用仪器对你们的生产工艺或产品质量做出决定时考虑到所有的误差来源。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Traditional and Emerging Technology for the Calibration of Thread Plug Gage Pitch Diameter 螺纹塞规节径校准传统技术与新兴技术的比较
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.10
Henry L. Alexander
Comparison of Traditional and Emerging Technology for the Calibration of Thread Plug Gage Pitch Diameter. Threaded fasteners are critical elements of modern manufactured products. As such the evaluation of dimensional attributes of threads and threaded fasteners is a subject of much interest for metrologists, engineers and others concerned with quality, safety and performance. One of the most important calibrations associated with gaging for threads and threaded fasteners is the pitch diameter calibration of thread plug gages. PJLA is in the planning stage of an inter-laboratory comparison of thread plug gage pitch diameter calibration intended to provide proficiency testing opportunities to a number of our accredited laboratories. As the plans were being developed we decided to use this opportunity to investigate the performance of emerging non-contact technologies for the same calibration. The common artifact will be calibrated using the non-contact calibration method and the results obtained from the inter-laboratory comparison. Since the inter-laboratory comparison is in the preliminary stage the initial comparison will include only one laboratory using the three wire method. Additional data will be included in the comparison as it becomes available. The artifact will be a ¾-10 UNC-2B Thread Plug Gage produced by Leader Corporation of Shelby Township, MI. The gage was provided with an initial calibration from the manufacturer which will be retained and used as a control if necessary.
螺纹塞规节径校准传统技术与新兴技术的比较。螺纹紧固件是现代工业产品的重要组成部分。因此,评估螺纹和螺纹紧固件的尺寸属性是计量学家、工程师和其他关注质量、安全和性能的人非常感兴趣的课题。与螺纹和螺纹紧固件量规相关的最重要的校准之一是螺纹塞量规的节径校准。PJLA正处于实验室间螺纹塞规节径校准比较的计划阶段,旨在为我们认可的一些实验室提供能力测试机会。随着计划的制定,我们决定利用这个机会调查新兴的非接触式技术的性能,以进行相同的校准。将使用非接触式校准方法和实验室间比较获得的结果对常见伪影进行校准。由于实验室间比较处于初步阶段,初步比较将只包括一个使用三线法的实验室。其他数据将在得到后纳入比较。工件将是密歇根州谢尔比镇领导公司生产的3 / 4 -10 UNC-2B螺纹塞规。该量规由制造商提供初始校准,将保留并在必要时用作控制。
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引用次数: 0
How To Use Risk Evaluation To Develop A Proficiency Testing Participation Plan 如何利用风险评估制定能力测试参与计划
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.09
Jianfeng Cheng
How To Use Risk Evaluation To Develop A Proficiency Testing Participation Plan. In the past, the proficiency testing items and participation frequency were formulated by accreditation bodies, regardless of the scale, customer type, and economic conditions of a laboratory. In 2010, ILAC P9 require the applicant laboratories considering needs and risk level to make their own proficiency testing participation plan , as long as proficiency testing program feasible both logistically and economically. In response to the requirements of ILAC P9, Taiwan Accreditation Foundation (TAF) revised the accreditation criteria document-- Requirements for proficiency testing activities. Submit a PT plan prepared by the laboratory seeking for accreditation is required in this revised document. To facilitate applicants to learn how to make a plan and implement thereafter, a guideline was developed by TAF based on the concept of risk evaluation. This paper will describe how to use qualitative risk analysis methodology to analyze the risk level of the factors affecting correctness/reliability of measurement results. The determining factors include experience, competence and turnover rate of staff, traceability sources, stability of measurement technique, number of tests, and significance and final use of the testing data, as mentioned in EA-4/18.
如何利用风险评估制定能力测试参与计划。过去,无论实验室的规模、客户类型和经济条件如何,能力测试项目和参与频率都是由认可机构制定的。2010年,ILAC P9要求申请实验室考虑需求和风险水平制定自己的能力测试参与计划,只要能力测试计划在后勤和经济上可行。为响应ILAC P9的要求,台湾认可基金会(TAF)修订了认可准则文件——能力测试活动要求。本修订文件要求提交由寻求认可的实验室准备的PT计划。为了方便申请人学习如何制定计划和实施,TAF根据风险评估的概念制定了一份指南。本文将描述如何使用定性风险分析方法来分析影响测量结果正确性/可靠性的因素的风险水平。如EA-4/18所述,决定因素包括工作人员的经验、能力和离职率、来源可追溯性、测量技术的稳定性、测试次数以及测试数据的重要性和最终用途。
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引用次数: 0
Updated Evaluation of Calibration Test Point Selection for Fluke 57XX products Fluke 57XX产品校准测试点选择的更新评估
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.51843/wsproceedings.2013.30
J. Gust, S. Haynes, Billie S. Britz, Randy Lemon, Neil Faulkner, Greg Tarolli
The first Fluke 5700 series calibrator was manufactured in the late 1980’s. The metrology and associated test point selection for calibrating the product was rigorous by any standards, then or now. However, the calibration procedure that has been in place essentially since its initial release pre-dates significant advances in hardware, such as the Fluke Calibration 792A and 5790A, as well as ISO 17025, and the popularization of voluntary calibration laboratory accreditation. Fluke Calibration has re-visited the selection of test points in the calibration procedure to ensure that the result of any 5700 series calibrator would clearly demonstrate that all specifications have been verified, and that traceability for all functions is ensured. This was accomplished by an event that brought together representatives from Design Engineering, Test Engineering, Service Engineering, Service Metrology and Corporate Metrology. The group evaluated each specification, considered the internal architecture of the product, and reviewed and improved upon the test points. This paper presents the test points for the 5700 series calibrators and the technical information as to why they were chosen.
第一个福禄克5700系列校准器是在20世纪80年代后期制造的。计量和相关的测试点选择校准的产品是严格的任何标准,当时或现在。然而,自最初发布以来,校准程序基本上已经到位,早于硬件方面的重大进步,例如Fluke校准792A和5790A,以及ISO 17025,以及自愿校准实验室认可的普及。Fluke校准重新检查了校准程序中测试点的选择,以确保任何5700系列校准器的结果都清楚地表明所有规格都已经过验证,并确保所有功能的可追溯性。这次会议汇集了来自设计工程、测试工程、服务工程、服务计量和企业计量的代表。小组评估每个规范,考虑产品的内部架构,并对测试点进行审查和改进。本文介绍了5700系列校准器的测试点和选择它们的技术信息。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2013
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