Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.17588/2076-9210.2022.4.092-102
V. Borisova
The article considers the famous saying Grattez le russe, et vous verrez le tartare (Scratch a Russian and you’ll find a Tatar) taken from A Writer's Diary and The Raw Youth by F.M. Dostoevsky. The interpretation of the cultural and historical meaning of this French saying is given, associated with the tradition of identifying Russians with barbarians, “Asians”, which is confirmed by the punning and ironic roll call of homophones barbare and tartare. The major contribution into transformation of this stereotypical belief about the nation was made by Dostoevsky in the relevant journalistic and artistic texts of 1870s. He had experienced staying in the Siberian Asia and would speak to kazakh scientist Chokan Valikhanov and other Russian orientalists. The writer used to have a Europe-centric perspective of Russia. However, he gradually transformed and started from sharp criticism of the Eurocentric view of Russia to adopt a positive interpretation of the “Asian” origins (existing along with the European ones) in the Russians’ nature. Eventually Dostoevsky shaped a trinitary Eurasian formula that he used to define the national and cultural essence of Russia. The essence includes not only Russian and European origins, but also the third origin which is Asian and no less substantial. This idea was fully explained by A Writer's Diary’s author in his late days in 1881: “Europe <…> is the mother of Russia just like Asia is”.
{"title":"Grattez le russe, et vous verrez le tartare: Perversion of French Saying in Oeuvre of F.M. Dostoevsky","authors":"V. Borisova","doi":"10.17588/2076-9210.2022.4.092-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2022.4.092-102","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the famous saying Grattez le russe, et vous verrez le tartare (Scratch a Russian and you’ll find a Tatar) taken from A Writer's Diary and The Raw Youth by F.M. Dostoevsky. The interpretation of the cultural and historical meaning of this French saying is given, associated with the tradition of identifying Russians with barbarians, “Asians”, which is confirmed by the punning and ironic roll call of homophones barbare and tartare. The major contribution into transformation of this stereotypical belief about the nation was made by Dostoevsky in the relevant journalistic and artistic texts of 1870s. He had experienced staying in the Siberian Asia and would speak to kazakh scientist Chokan Valikhanov and other Russian orientalists. The writer used to have a Europe-centric perspective of Russia. However, he gradually transformed and started from sharp criticism of the Eurocentric view of Russia to adopt a positive interpretation of the “Asian” origins (existing along with the European ones) in the Russians’ nature. Eventually Dostoevsky shaped a trinitary Eurasian formula that he used to define the national and cultural essence of Russia. The essence includes not only Russian and European origins, but also the third origin which is Asian and no less substantial. This idea was fully explained by A Writer's Diary’s author in his late days in 1881: “Europe <…> is the mother of Russia just like Asia is”.","PeriodicalId":445879,"journal":{"name":"Solov’evskie issledovaniya","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130154886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.17588/2076-9210.2022.4.006-020
B. Mezhuev
The article continues the systematic review and analysis of newspaper and magazine responses to the first edition of V. Solovyov’s main work on moral philosophy “Justification of good” (1897). In the second part of the article we are talking about the scandal associated with a sharp response to the book of V. Solovyov on the pages of the “Novoye Vremya” regular columnist of the newspaper F.E. Shperk having questioned the necessity of moral philosophy and argued that good does not require any justification, and it is impossible to justify any system of morality with reasonable arguments. The article claims that Shperk's attack caused a big scandal in circles close to V. Solovyov. The reaction to this controversy from publications sympathetic to V. Solovyov is also described. It is noted that the publisher of the newspaper “Novoye Vremya” A.S. Suvorin himself had to politely dissociate himself from the speech of his columnist. The article also reveals the reasons that prompted Shperk to soften his position and his formulations. The article provides a new document - an unpublished letter from V. Solovyov to Suvorin, making why the philosopher’s public reaction to this particular response clear. In conclusion, it is proved that the incident led to a serious mutual alienation Vl. Solovyov from V.V. Rozanov, whom the philosopher reasonably suspected of involvement in this publication.
{"title":"The First Edition of “The Justification of Good” (1897): Contemporaries’ Response. Part 2","authors":"B. Mezhuev","doi":"10.17588/2076-9210.2022.4.006-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2022.4.006-020","url":null,"abstract":"The article continues the systematic review and analysis of newspaper and magazine responses to the first edition of V. Solovyov’s main work on moral philosophy “Justification of good” (1897). In the second part of the article we are talking about the scandal associated with a sharp response to the book of V. Solovyov on the pages of the “Novoye Vremya” regular columnist of the newspaper F.E. Shperk having questioned the necessity of moral philosophy and argued that good does not require any justification, and it is impossible to justify any system of morality with reasonable arguments. The article claims that Shperk's attack caused a big scandal in circles close to V. Solovyov. The reaction to this controversy from publications sympathetic to V. Solovyov is also described. It is noted that the publisher of the newspaper “Novoye Vremya” A.S. Suvorin himself had to politely dissociate himself from the speech of his columnist. The article also reveals the reasons that prompted Shperk to soften his position and his formulations. The article provides a new document - an unpublished letter from V. Solovyov to Suvorin, making why the philosopher’s public reaction to this particular response clear. In conclusion, it is proved that the incident led to a serious mutual alienation Vl. Solovyov from V.V. Rozanov, whom the philosopher reasonably suspected of involvement in this publication.","PeriodicalId":445879,"journal":{"name":"Solov’evskie issledovaniya","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116772252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.17588/2076-9210.2022.4.148-161
Сui Lu
The reception of Chinese culture in the works of V.F. Pereleshin (V.F. Salatko-Petrishche) (1913–1992), a representative of the Russian Far Eastern abroad, has not yet been studied enough in terms of reflecting the idea of “universality”. It is important for understanding Pereleshin's “conservative poetics” and his ambivalent attitude to the country of residence and the Homeland. Using the comparative historical method, transnational theory and imagology, the poems created by the poet not only in China, but also in Brazil are considered. It is shown that the evolution of Pereleshin's perception of Chinese culture not only reveals the poet's desire to master the “other” cultural space, but also correlates with the formation of his transnational consciousness. The motif of creation and discovery of the world, the motif of universality and all-humanity, which was the historiosophical idea of all Russian literature of the XIX century, shine through Chinese themes within the framework of the Russian literary canon. It is argued that Pereleshin's appeal to the eastern type of spirituality determines the development of “Russian responsiveness” in the works of the Brazilian period and reflection on the new identity of a person living on the edge of two worlds. It is concluded that the motif of the “eternal wanderer” opened up new opportunities for the poet to preserve “Russianness”, at the same time going beyond mononationality due to the transistorical and metaphysical expansion of the boundaries of poetic consciousness.
{"title":"The reception of Chinese Culture and Reflection of the Idea of “Worldliness” in V. Pereleshin’s Poetry","authors":"Сui Lu","doi":"10.17588/2076-9210.2022.4.148-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2022.4.148-161","url":null,"abstract":"The reception of Chinese culture in the works of V.F. Pereleshin (V.F. Salatko-Petrishche) (1913–1992), a representative of the Russian Far Eastern abroad, has not yet been studied enough in terms of reflecting the idea of “universality”. It is important for understanding Pereleshin's “conservative poetics” and his ambivalent attitude to the country of residence and the Homeland. Using the comparative historical method, transnational theory and imagology, the poems created by the poet not only in China, but also in Brazil are considered. It is shown that the evolution of Pereleshin's perception of Chinese culture not only reveals the poet's desire to master the “other” cultural space, but also correlates with the formation of his transnational consciousness. The motif of creation and discovery of the world, the motif of universality and all-humanity, which was the historiosophical idea of all Russian literature of the XIX century, shine through Chinese themes within the framework of the Russian literary canon. It is argued that Pereleshin's appeal to the eastern type of spirituality determines the development of “Russian responsiveness” in the works of the Brazilian period and reflection on the new identity of a person living on the edge of two worlds. It is concluded that the motif of the “eternal wanderer” opened up new opportunities for the poet to preserve “Russianness”, at the same time going beyond mononationality due to the transistorical and metaphysical expansion of the boundaries of poetic consciousness.","PeriodicalId":445879,"journal":{"name":"Solov’evskie issledovaniya","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132571545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.17588/2076-9210.2022.4.079-091
M.I. Rukhmakov
The article examines E.N. Trubetskoy’s reception of the religious and philosophical heritage of Aurelius Augustine, in the framework of his study of the formation of Western Christianity medieval religious and social ideal in the writings of the teachers Latin Church of the fifth century and Catholic authors of the eleventh century. The author determines the prin¬cipal problems that Trubetskoy wanted to highlight in his 1892 master's thesis on Saint Augustine. The philosopher intended to analyze the main life milestones of becoming Augustine as a great Christian apologist, to show the key mistakes of a dogmatic nature committed by foreign researchers of Augustine. Another original task of Trubetskoy was to show the continuity of special ideas of Augustine from the achieve¬ments of the Roman jurisprudence. Finally, with its explicit task, he was going to demon¬strate the significance of Au¬gustine's personality as the “father of medieval theocracy”. It is possible to conclude that the interest of the Russian philosopher in the legacy of the Bishop of Hippo was formed mainly under the influence of the figure of V.S. Solovyov and his project of “free theoc¬racy”. The paper also emphasizes contemporary assessments of the place of Trubetskoy's mono¬graph among domestic historical studies about the father of the Western Church. For the first time his correspondence of the 80-90s with Sergei N. Trubetskoy is revealed in the context of Evgeny Trubetskoy's work on the “Worldview of St. Augustine”. It refers to the new edition of the “Philosophical correspondence of the Trubetskoy brothers” prepared by K.B. Ermishina. This correspondence allows us not only to note important details about the goals and progress of Trubetskoy's re¬search, but also to find out his elder brother’s attitude towards him.
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Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.17588/2076-9210.2022.4.035-048
A. Pigalev
The paper deals with the meaning and the contexts of the term “immediacy” that was of great importance to the formation of the soil-bound trend (pochvennichestvo) in Russia in the 19th century. Having taken the place of Slavophilism, the pochvennichestvo still showed a keen interest in antiquity, tradition, custom, the ease of folk way of life and folk arts as the manifestations of a certain “native soil” that was endangered during the modernization of the traditional culture. The concomitant ideological shift is analyzed in connection with the evolution of the views of Apollon Grigoriev who was one of the principal ideologists of the soil-bound tradition. Meanwhile, the study takes into account not only the inner tendencies of Russian culture under modernization, but also the various formats of its interaction with the societies of already established modernity as a factor of external influence. It is pointed out that the tendency to combine the elements of modernity and tradition is obvious in all forms of western Romanticism as well as in the relationships between Westernism and Slavophilism. Hereupon, the term “immediacy” that was prototyped by German philosophy together with the subsequent term “mediation”, became topical in Russia just in the context of the native-soil trend. It took the same path as Western Romanticism and exactly in the same way searched after a special concept of the organic unity. It is shown that Grigoriev, having been one of the first theorists of native-soil trend, tried to justify the pattern of the unity of Westernism and Slavophilism in such a way that it, nevertheless, could admit the preservation of “immediacy”. In the issue, he had found the pattern of such unity in F.W.J. Schelling’s philosophy and indirectly confirmed the existence of the generalities of modernization that is influenced by the culture of already established modernity.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.17588/2076-9210.2022.3.006-018
D. D. Romanov
The article presents results of research of Vl.S. Solovyov’s sophiological and theurgic concepts reception in the epistolary heritage of A. Beliy – first of all, the early period of philosopher and symbolist poet until 1905. It is argued, that of all the Young Symbolists, it was Beliy who was the closest to understanding Solovyov's sophiology and creating his own integral system of theurgic symbolism on its basis. It is substantiated, that the starting point in the construction of this system is the direction to synthesis of eschatology, World Soul doctrine and theurgic role of the life-creator artist. The purpose of this research is to trace the origin of Beliy's doctrine of symbolism as a worldview, a self-conscious soul and a collective personality, presented in detail much later, but rooted in the original reading of Solovyov. An appeal to the correspondence between Beliy and A.A. Blok, E.K. Metner, N.I. Petrovskaya, A.S. Petrovskiy and others, is justified by the fact that it is in these letters that the general ideological contours of his concepts are outlined. Later, they turned out to be eclectically complicated in many ways, which makes it difficult for modern researchers to fully understand them, but the epistolary material is a kind of compass in the confused area of Beliy's metaphysics. The epistolary material analysis provides the method of understanding Beliy's metaphysics, taken into account, that later his system concepts turned out to be complicated by the thinker himself, which makes it difficult for modern researchers to understand them holistically.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.17588/2076-9210.2022.3.019-032
N. Smirnova
The article discusses V.S. Solovyov’s influence on the reflections of M.O. Gershenzon in 1910–1920s about progress, personality, crisis of culture and war. The article affirms the thematic continuity of the views of the two thinkers and the conviction of M.O. Gershenzon in the key position of personality in the development of historical processes. It is emphasized that personality is a reference point in the coordinate system that builds the idea of progress in M.O. Gershenzon’s works. It is noted that the crisis of culture and the war are stages on the path of progress that neglects the personal, namely: the progress of abstract, highly specialized scientific knowledge in which the individual is alienated. The cultural heritage, which is not claimed by the individual as a single consciousness and therefore not assimilated by modern man, has become just a value that does not meet an individual request, turns ‘mystery’ into ‘religion’, an object of personal spiritual comprehension into obligatory ritual that alienates a person from action, the meaning of which is lost. Between Solovyov’s “mystery of progress” and Gershenzon’s “religion of progress” an entire epoch passes away, in which, as it seemed, war is no longer possible, but finally the war sweeps away the achievements of civilization with a fiery whirlwind. All the consequences M.O. Gershenzon’s statement that the main reason for this process is the loss of the individual (including personal search for truth), its transformation into a value in culture, are analyzed in the article. It is concluded that the World War I undermined faith in progress as a multiplication of values in culture; it was comprehended as a consequence of the violation of the organic “complexity of a whole life”, the alienation of a value that was personal in origin.
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Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.17588/2076-9210.2022.3.159-173
V. Koroleva
The article examines the issue of reception in F.M. Dostoevsky's novel “Demons” of E.T.A. Hoffman's traditions, which go back to the “Elixirs of the Devil”. It is proposed to consider the features of Hoffmann’s poetics in the novel of the Russian writer in the form of a “Hoffmann’s complex”, which functions systematically and represents the unity of the problematic, stylistics and figurative system. It is argued that the “Hoffmann’s complex” in Dostoevsky’s novel manifests itself in similar problems: the problem of crime and redemption, which is revealed in the image of Stavrogin; actualization of the problem of mechanization of life and man (representatives of Stavrogin's circle, who behave like obedient puppets, the mechanistic nature of Stavrogin himself, the puppetry of the guests at the ball). Stavrogin is regarded as a Hoffmann type of hero, dating back to the image of Medardus from the Devil's Elixirs, who rushes between God and the devil, which actualizes the Hoffmann plot of apostasy in Dostoevsky's novel. The emphasis is placed on understanding the nature of the duality of the protagonist Stavrogin. The image of Marya Lebyadkina is compared with the image of the mad Quiz from the “Elixirs of the Devil” (the ability to see the true essence of the hero). Special attention is paid to understanding the specifics of Hoffmann's stylistics in the literary text under study, which is represented by “destructive irony” and grotesque, and also manifests itself in romantic oppositions (beautiful – ugly, alive – dead). The results of the study show the presence of a bright layer of the “Hoffman complex” in Dostoevsky's novel “Demons”, which allows us to consider it as a significant stage in the formation of the Hoffman author's text (“supertext”) of Russian literature.
{"title":"Features of Hoffman's Poetics in F.M. Dostoevsky's Novel “Demons”","authors":"V. Koroleva","doi":"10.17588/2076-9210.2022.3.159-173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2022.3.159-173","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the issue of reception in F.M. Dostoevsky's novel “Demons” of E.T.A. Hoffman's traditions, which go back to the “Elixirs of the Devil”. It is proposed to consider the features of Hoffmann’s poetics in the novel of the Russian writer in the form of a “Hoffmann’s complex”, which functions systematically and represents the unity of the problematic, stylistics and figurative system. It is argued that the “Hoffmann’s complex” in Dostoevsky’s novel manifests itself in similar problems: the problem of crime and redemption, which is revealed in the image of Stavrogin; actualization of the problem of mechanization of life and man (representatives of Stavrogin's circle, who behave like obedient puppets, the mechanistic nature of Stavrogin himself, the puppetry of the guests at the ball). Stavrogin is regarded as a Hoffmann type of hero, dating back to the image of Medardus from the Devil's Elixirs, who rushes between God and the devil, which actualizes the Hoffmann plot of apostasy in Dostoevsky's novel. The emphasis is placed on understanding the nature of the duality of the protagonist Stavrogin. The image of Marya Lebyadkina is compared with the image of the mad Quiz from the “Elixirs of the Devil” (the ability to see the true essence of the hero). Special attention is paid to understanding the specifics of Hoffmann's stylistics in the literary text under study, which is represented by “destructive irony” and grotesque, and also manifests itself in romantic oppositions (beautiful – ugly, alive – dead). The results of the study show the presence of a bright layer of the “Hoffman complex” in Dostoevsky's novel “Demons”, which allows us to consider it as a significant stage in the formation of the Hoffman author's text (“supertext”) of Russian literature.","PeriodicalId":445879,"journal":{"name":"Solov’evskie issledovaniya","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131134582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.17588/2076-9210.2022.3.140-158
A. G. Gacheva
The work of F.M. Dostoevsky is considered a kind of ideological and artistic precedence of Russian thought that was formed in Russia in the last quarter of the XIX century and was called “Russian cosmism”. The importance of Dostoevsky's ideas and images in the formation of ontology, anthropology, ethics, historiosophy, eschatology of Russian cosmism is shown. The revolt of Dostoevsky's heroes against the idea of the thermal death of the universe stimulated cosmist philosophers to create the idea of the antientropic essence of human life and work. The writer's idea of Christ as the “ideal of man in the flesh” and his belief in the Incarnation of God are explained on the basis of the idea of moral interpretation of dogma peculiar to the writer and cosmist philosophers. It is shown that Dostoevsky, like Russian cosmists, represents the world and man from the point of view of deontology, in the light of what they should be. He is one of the forerunners of the idea of history as a work of salvation, the development of which was given by N.F. Fedorov and Christian cosmists.
{"title":"The work of F.M. Dostoevsky as a prologue to the birth of Russian Cosmism","authors":"A. G. Gacheva","doi":"10.17588/2076-9210.2022.3.140-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2022.3.140-158","url":null,"abstract":"The work of F.M. Dostoevsky is considered a kind of ideological and artistic precedence of Russian thought that was formed in Russia in the last quarter of the XIX century and was called “Russian cosmism”. The importance of Dostoevsky's ideas and images in the formation of ontology, anthropology, ethics, historiosophy, eschatology of Russian cosmism is shown. The revolt of Dostoevsky's heroes against the idea of the thermal death of the universe stimulated cosmist philosophers to create the idea of the antientropic essence of human life and work. The writer's idea of Christ as the “ideal of man in the flesh” and his belief in the Incarnation of God are explained on the basis of the idea of moral interpretation of dogma peculiar to the writer and cosmist philosophers. It is shown that Dostoevsky, like Russian cosmists, represents the world and man from the point of view of deontology, in the light of what they should be. He is one of the forerunners of the idea of history as a work of salvation, the development of which was given by N.F. Fedorov and Christian cosmists.","PeriodicalId":445879,"journal":{"name":"Solov’evskie issledovaniya","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132959005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.17588/2076-9210.2022.2.077-086
A. Malinov, L. Naldoniova, V. Kupriyanov
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{"title":"V.I. Lamansky. The second letter. On the intellectual and literary communication of Russians with their fellow tribesmen (continued)","authors":"A. Malinov, L. Naldoniova, V. Kupriyanov","doi":"10.17588/2076-9210.2022.2.077-086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2022.2.077-086","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":445879,"journal":{"name":"Solov’evskie issledovaniya","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126549360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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