Allawi H. Alwin, H. Ksibi, Z. Driss, H. J. Alalkawi
Abstract The variable fatigue loading (VL) is an important issue for aircraft safety. Indeed, aluminium alloy parts are always the subject of this type of thermo-mechanical alterations. This study examined the effect (VL) under normal operating conditions. We investigated the effect of fatigue variable loading (VL) under combined high temperature (HT) and shot peening (SP) treatment for (AA2024-T4 and AA2024-T361). Fatigue under loading from 250 to 350MPa with various combinations of loading cycles is presented. The experimental fatigue life results were compared to Miner’s rule. The comparison shows that the fatigue life of tested specimens during the low to high stress sequences is higher than that of the (high to low) ones. This highlights the beneficial effect of (SP) which made the fatigue life predicted by Miner rule safe but not economical. We conclude that considered alloys under SP improves the variable fatigue life under 250°C. In fact, taking into account the interaction effects of loading sequences, those due to high temperature and surface treatment such as (SP) is very important for fatigue prediction based on such alloys.
{"title":"Fatigue Variable Loading Under Combined High Temperature and Shot Peening Treatment for AA2024-T4 and AA2024-T361","authors":"Allawi H. Alwin, H. Ksibi, Z. Driss, H. J. Alalkawi","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2023-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2023-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The variable fatigue loading (VL) is an important issue for aircraft safety. Indeed, aluminium alloy parts are always the subject of this type of thermo-mechanical alterations. This study examined the effect (VL) under normal operating conditions. We investigated the effect of fatigue variable loading (VL) under combined high temperature (HT) and shot peening (SP) treatment for (AA2024-T4 and AA2024-T361). Fatigue under loading from 250 to 350MPa with various combinations of loading cycles is presented. The experimental fatigue life results were compared to Miner’s rule. The comparison shows that the fatigue life of tested specimens during the low to high stress sequences is higher than that of the (high to low) ones. This highlights the beneficial effect of (SP) which made the fatigue life predicted by Miner rule safe but not economical. We conclude that considered alloys under SP improves the variable fatigue life under 250°C. In fact, taking into account the interaction effects of loading sequences, those due to high temperature and surface treatment such as (SP) is very important for fatigue prediction based on such alloys.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"21 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122541557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miriam Uličná, Roman Fekete, Martin Juriga, Juraj Kabát, P. Peciar, M. Peciar
Abstract The extrusion process is very popular in industry. Nowadays, extrusion is also closely associated with the 3D printing process, but this article is focused on extrusion, as a process that is mainly associated with spheronization. The extrusion product is shaped in such a way that it is suitable for the ongoing spheronization process. With this two-step extrusion-spheronization (E–S) process, it is possible to create pellets with controlled high sphericity, which are desired in tablet and capsule production due to their easily characterized (and controlled) dosage profile and good flow properties. During extrusion, it is important to monitor several parameters. This post is dedicated to one of them and that is the length of the die and its effect on the extrusion pressure as well as the effect on the extrudate surface quality.
{"title":"Influence of Die Length on Extrusion Pressure and Extrudate Surface Quality","authors":"Miriam Uličná, Roman Fekete, Martin Juriga, Juraj Kabát, P. Peciar, M. Peciar","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The extrusion process is very popular in industry. Nowadays, extrusion is also closely associated with the 3D printing process, but this article is focused on extrusion, as a process that is mainly associated with spheronization. The extrusion product is shaped in such a way that it is suitable for the ongoing spheronization process. With this two-step extrusion-spheronization (E–S) process, it is possible to create pellets with controlled high sphericity, which are desired in tablet and capsule production due to their easily characterized (and controlled) dosage profile and good flow properties. During extrusion, it is important to monitor several parameters. This post is dedicated to one of them and that is the length of the die and its effect on the extrusion pressure as well as the effect on the extrudate surface quality.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115251632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Alaoui, Abdelhamid IRATNI, Obaid S. Alshammari, A. Hafaifa, I. Colak, M. Guemana
Abstract This work is interested in studying the vibrations’ stability in gas turbines, compared to a dynamic model of the Jeffcott rotor, the parameters of the gas turbine will be estimated for the purpose of developing a mathematical model which points out the behavior of the turbine rotor in virtue of the data of actual vibration measurements. The addition of the geometric nonlinearities of the vibrations unveils a supercritical Hopf bifurcation, the unstable modes are repulsed towards a stable limit cycle of small radius. The vibration measurements and analyzes were performed on a gas turbine Solar TITAN 130 type mounted in a gas compression station in Djelfa, Algeria. The turbine was in the operating mode when the vibration parameters were read. Bifurcation monitoring bounds the specific operating ranges, extracts efficiently the dynamic behavior core of the studied turbine and consequently affords a new approach to efficiently dimension the turbine rotor.
{"title":"Stability and Analysis of Vibrations Bifurcation Based on Dynamic Modeling of a Solar Titan 130 Gas Turbine","authors":"M. Alaoui, Abdelhamid IRATNI, Obaid S. Alshammari, A. Hafaifa, I. Colak, M. Guemana","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work is interested in studying the vibrations’ stability in gas turbines, compared to a dynamic model of the Jeffcott rotor, the parameters of the gas turbine will be estimated for the purpose of developing a mathematical model which points out the behavior of the turbine rotor in virtue of the data of actual vibration measurements. The addition of the geometric nonlinearities of the vibrations unveils a supercritical Hopf bifurcation, the unstable modes are repulsed towards a stable limit cycle of small radius. The vibration measurements and analyzes were performed on a gas turbine Solar TITAN 130 type mounted in a gas compression station in Djelfa, Algeria. The turbine was in the operating mode when the vibration parameters were read. Bifurcation monitoring bounds the specific operating ranges, extracts efficiently the dynamic behavior core of the studied turbine and consequently affords a new approach to efficiently dimension the turbine rotor.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"386 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128798269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ľ. Magdolen, J. Danko, T. Milesich, I. Kevický, L. Hanko, Robert Skyrčák
Abstract This paper deals with the method of creating a virtual autonomous vehicle dynamics model SimRod in AMESim environment and implementing such a model in Prescan and MATLAB/Simulink environments and performing co-simulation of the vehicle cornering maneuver at different values of the grip factor in these software. As a result, the driving dynamics of the SimRod vehicle is assessed in the simulation environment and the stability of the vehicle in the turn with respect to the grip factor and vehicle speed is analyzed.
{"title":"Conditions for Loss of Stability of an Autonomous Vehicle During a Cornering Manoeuvre","authors":"Ľ. Magdolen, J. Danko, T. Milesich, I. Kevický, L. Hanko, Robert Skyrčák","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0047","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper deals with the method of creating a virtual autonomous vehicle dynamics model SimRod in AMESim environment and implementing such a model in Prescan and MATLAB/Simulink environments and performing co-simulation of the vehicle cornering maneuver at different values of the grip factor in these software. As a result, the driving dynamics of the SimRod vehicle is assessed in the simulation environment and the stability of the vehicle in the turn with respect to the grip factor and vehicle speed is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115698127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Shynkarenko, Yu.I. Kuznetzov, L. Soos, Anna Shymanska, V. Kotliarova, P. Krasovskyi
Abstract The systemicity of hybridization phenomenon is analyzed. This study summarizes the mechanisms of manifestation and forms of submission of the hybridization law, which determines the principles and boundaries of structure formation, taxonomy, methodology of synthesis and analysis of hybrid electromechanical objects at the intraspecies and intergenic levels of their structural organization. The results of the study are important for the further development of the theory of genetic evolution of technical systems.
{"title":"The Principle of Hybridization in the Structural Organization and Evolution of Electromechanics Objects","authors":"V. Shynkarenko, Yu.I. Kuznetzov, L. Soos, Anna Shymanska, V. Kotliarova, P. Krasovskyi","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The systemicity of hybridization phenomenon is analyzed. This study summarizes the mechanisms of manifestation and forms of submission of the hybridization law, which determines the principles and boundaries of structure formation, taxonomy, methodology of synthesis and analysis of hybrid electromechanical objects at the intraspecies and intergenic levels of their structural organization. The results of the study are important for the further development of the theory of genetic evolution of technical systems.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117018957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Trush, P. Maruschak, M. Student, Serhii Lavrys, A. Luk’yanenko
Abstract The effect of heat treatment in oxygen-containing medium on fatigue properties of zirconium alloy samples was shown. This gas treatment improved fatigue life in pure bending and cyclic tensile testing. An increase in fatigue life was explained by the formation of a hardened near-surface layer. According to the data of fractographic studies of destroyed samples, it was found that treatment in an oxygen-containing medium contributes to the formation of a structure with a higher energy intensity of destruction.
{"title":"Effect of Heat Treatment in Oxygen-Containing Medium on Fatigue Life of Zirconium Alloy","authors":"V. Trush, P. Maruschak, M. Student, Serhii Lavrys, A. Luk’yanenko","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effect of heat treatment in oxygen-containing medium on fatigue properties of zirconium alloy samples was shown. This gas treatment improved fatigue life in pure bending and cyclic tensile testing. An increase in fatigue life was explained by the formation of a hardened near-surface layer. According to the data of fractographic studies of destroyed samples, it was found that treatment in an oxygen-containing medium contributes to the formation of a structure with a higher energy intensity of destruction.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115264405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Investigation of road vehicles in term of their dynamics is very important task. There are assessed two main points of view, i.e. the driving safety and ride comfort for passenger. This article is aimed at analysis of dynamics of a single-axle trailer by means of real tests. Several driving manoeuvres have been performed and evaluated, at which, when a trailer has been towed by a passenger car. As the main output parameters, acceleration signals have been measured and recorded. The vehicle-trailer combination has been moved at several driving speeds.
{"title":"Experimental Research of Vibrational Properties of a Single-Axle Trailer when Crossing an Individual Road Obstacle","authors":"D. Barta, J. Dižo, M. Blatnický, D. Molnár","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Investigation of road vehicles in term of their dynamics is very important task. There are assessed two main points of view, i.e. the driving safety and ride comfort for passenger. This article is aimed at analysis of dynamics of a single-axle trailer by means of real tests. Several driving manoeuvres have been performed and evaluated, at which, when a trailer has been towed by a passenger car. As the main output parameters, acceleration signals have been measured and recorded. The vehicle-trailer combination has been moved at several driving speeds.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123871537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Greenhouse gases jeopardize world’s climate. A significant amount of these pollutants is produced by road vehicles, so their producers are forced to reduce their emissions significantly. This means that every car manufacturer is expanding their electrified vehicle range. Fully electric vehicles are the best way for long-term elimination of greenhouse gases production in road transport. However, in the short term it is not possible to switch all vehicles to EVs. Temporary solutions are hybrid electric vehicles, which offer a compromise between conventional and electric vehicles. In addition to the right choice of hybrid powertrain and correct scaling of its components, it is also important to develop a suitable control strategy for its energy management. The main goal of this work is to compare the performance of the rule-based control strategy with the built-in local optimization algorithm ECMS in GT-SUITETM software. ECMS means Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy and is based on an optimization of selected control parameters in each time step of the driving cycle simulation. A fuel efficiency improvement is assessed on a selected plug-in hybrid vehicle. Results of WLTC driving cycle simulations in charge sustaining mode (state of charge of the battery at the beginning and at the end of the simulation is the same) shows fuel consumption of 5 l/100km for rule based control strategy and 4.2 l/100km for ECMS algorithm. This means that ECMS can achieve more than 16% improvement for this particular vehicle.
{"title":"Performance Study of a Developed Rule-Based Control Strategy with Use of an ECMS Optimization Control Algorithm on a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle","authors":"Michal Ušiak, Michael Böhm, Kamil Šebela","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Greenhouse gases jeopardize world’s climate. A significant amount of these pollutants is produced by road vehicles, so their producers are forced to reduce their emissions significantly. This means that every car manufacturer is expanding their electrified vehicle range. Fully electric vehicles are the best way for long-term elimination of greenhouse gases production in road transport. However, in the short term it is not possible to switch all vehicles to EVs. Temporary solutions are hybrid electric vehicles, which offer a compromise between conventional and electric vehicles. In addition to the right choice of hybrid powertrain and correct scaling of its components, it is also important to develop a suitable control strategy for its energy management. The main goal of this work is to compare the performance of the rule-based control strategy with the built-in local optimization algorithm ECMS in GT-SUITETM software. ECMS means Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy and is based on an optimization of selected control parameters in each time step of the driving cycle simulation. A fuel efficiency improvement is assessed on a selected plug-in hybrid vehicle. Results of WLTC driving cycle simulations in charge sustaining mode (state of charge of the battery at the beginning and at the end of the simulation is the same) shows fuel consumption of 5 l/100km for rule based control strategy and 4.2 l/100km for ECMS algorithm. This means that ECMS can achieve more than 16% improvement for this particular vehicle.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"477 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122740326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract When performing calculations of any technological equipment or processes, one works with different types of equations. Equations can be written in various forms, while in the older literature one can also encounter equations that are dimensionally non-homogeneous. The article deals with the modification of non-homogeneous equations into a form that allows direct substitution of the values of physical quantities in a chosen coherent system of units. The procedure for adjusting the relationship is shown on the equation allowing to determine the height equivalent of the theoretical plate.
{"title":"Modification of the Non-Homogeneous Equation Defining the Hetp to a Form Satisfying the Chosen Coherent System of Units","authors":"Štefan Gužela, František Dzianik","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When performing calculations of any technological equipment or processes, one works with different types of equations. Equations can be written in various forms, while in the older literature one can also encounter equations that are dimensionally non-homogeneous. The article deals with the modification of non-homogeneous equations into a form that allows direct substitution of the values of physical quantities in a chosen coherent system of units. The procedure for adjusting the relationship is shown on the equation allowing to determine the height equivalent of the theoretical plate.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128045152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrej Chríbik, M. Poloni, M. Bachratý, Michal Šlauka, Andrej Majkút
Abstract The presented article deals with the possibility of using synthesis gas produced from municipal waste in a spark-ignition combustion engine intended for a micro-cogeneration unit. The subject of investigation is the effect of fuel composition on the internal parameters of the internal combustion engine analysed from the course of pressure in the cylinder. The analysis shows that, in general, increasing the proportion of hydrogen increases the pressure rise rate as well as the rate of heat release in the cylinder. The presented results will serve to understand the processes taking place in the combustion engine as well as the importance of the composition of synthesis gas produced from renewable energy sources in order to achieve the highest possible energy and economic evaluation in the cogeneration unit.
{"title":"Influence of Synthesis Gas Composition on Internal Combustion Engine Parameters","authors":"Andrej Chríbik, M. Poloni, M. Bachratý, Michal Šlauka, Andrej Majkút","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The presented article deals with the possibility of using synthesis gas produced from municipal waste in a spark-ignition combustion engine intended for a micro-cogeneration unit. The subject of investigation is the effect of fuel composition on the internal parameters of the internal combustion engine analysed from the course of pressure in the cylinder. The analysis shows that, in general, increasing the proportion of hydrogen increases the pressure rise rate as well as the rate of heat release in the cylinder. The presented results will serve to understand the processes taking place in the combustion engine as well as the importance of the composition of synthesis gas produced from renewable energy sources in order to achieve the highest possible energy and economic evaluation in the cogeneration unit.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128609981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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