P. Tkach, O. Reviakina, Anatolii Kryvosheia, V. Melnyk, O. Ustynenko, R. Protasov
Abstract A mathematical model of profile shifted quasi-involute arc-tooth-trace gears is obtained. The model includes functional relationships between the geometric-kinematic meshing characteristics and parameters of the generating surface as well as conditions which allow to prevent teeth undercutting and tip pointing. A short analysis of meshing characteristics value along the tooth trace is done for pressure angle value of 20º. This value of the angle was chosen as it is the most common one for general-duty gears, although the basic rack profile angle in the model is a variable quantity. The model can be used in the design and analysis of geometric-kinematic meshing characteristics of profile shifted quasi-involute arc-tooth-trace gears, cut by Gleason-type cutters with different profile angle value.
{"title":"Meshing Characteristics of Profile Shifted Cylindrical Quasi-Involute Arc-Tooth-Trace Gears. Part 1. Theoretical Base","authors":"P. Tkach, O. Reviakina, Anatolii Kryvosheia, V. Melnyk, O. Ustynenko, R. Protasov","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A mathematical model of profile shifted quasi-involute arc-tooth-trace gears is obtained. The model includes functional relationships between the geometric-kinematic meshing characteristics and parameters of the generating surface as well as conditions which allow to prevent teeth undercutting and tip pointing. A short analysis of meshing characteristics value along the tooth trace is done for pressure angle value of 20º. This value of the angle was chosen as it is the most common one for general-duty gears, although the basic rack profile angle in the model is a variable quantity. The model can be used in the design and analysis of geometric-kinematic meshing characteristics of profile shifted quasi-involute arc-tooth-trace gears, cut by Gleason-type cutters with different profile angle value.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116973068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The automotive industry is exposed to continued pressures, the goal of which is decarbonisation together with application of the advanced technologies and fuels, as well as utilization of the alternative vehicle drives. The main task of the scientific publication was a complex emission analysis of the selected vehicles during various test cycles, as well as a comparison of the individual emissions when using different types of fuel.
{"title":"Emission Problems of Vehicles and Advanced Fuels Application","authors":"P. Tarbajovský, M. Šoltésová, M. Puškár","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The automotive industry is exposed to continued pressures, the goal of which is decarbonisation together with application of the advanced technologies and fuels, as well as utilization of the alternative vehicle drives. The main task of the scientific publication was a complex emission analysis of the selected vehicles during various test cycles, as well as a comparison of the individual emissions when using different types of fuel.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121977787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Volovetskyi, Ya. Doroshenko, Oleh Karpash, O. Shсhyrba, S. Matkivskyi, O. Ivanov, H. Protsiuk
Abstract The reasons for decreasing the well operating parameters of depleted gas condensate fields have been analysed. A new approach has been proposed, which involves restoring the wells productivity by creating foam by means of a device developed for removing liquid from the well bottom. The expediency of using foam has been experimentally investigated for gas condensate wells to be completed and their productivity to be recovered. Techniques for removing liquid contaminants from wells have been developed, which involve injecting non-explosive gas mixtures and foams of various volumes into wells. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of the operation of the device for the wells completion with foam was carried out. The influence of the mass flow rate of an aqueous solution at the inlet to the device on the distribution of volume fraction of the gas and liquid phases, and the quality of the foam has been investigated. The understanding of the regularities of foam destruction processes by hydrocarbon condensate was obtained, and a device design was developed for the complete foam destruction.
{"title":"Experimental Studies of Efficient Wells Completion in Depleted Gas Condensate Fields by Using Foams","authors":"V. Volovetskyi, Ya. Doroshenko, Oleh Karpash, O. Shсhyrba, S. Matkivskyi, O. Ivanov, H. Protsiuk","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The reasons for decreasing the well operating parameters of depleted gas condensate fields have been analysed. A new approach has been proposed, which involves restoring the wells productivity by creating foam by means of a device developed for removing liquid from the well bottom. The expediency of using foam has been experimentally investigated for gas condensate wells to be completed and their productivity to be recovered. Techniques for removing liquid contaminants from wells have been developed, which involve injecting non-explosive gas mixtures and foams of various volumes into wells. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of the operation of the device for the wells completion with foam was carried out. The influence of the mass flow rate of an aqueous solution at the inlet to the device on the distribution of volume fraction of the gas and liquid phases, and the quality of the foam has been investigated. The understanding of the regularities of foam destruction processes by hydrocarbon condensate was obtained, and a device design was developed for the complete foam destruction.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"12 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132580345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this paper, an attempt is made to determine whether Cepstrum analysis can be applied to detect pure harmonic sine waveform acceleration-time signals in a frequency sub-band from the acceleration-time function of vehicle load platforms. Based on Cepstrum evaluation of specific measurement results at different speeds and under different road conditions, the analysis reveals that no frequency band exhibits full-period pure sinusoidal excitation, which casts doubt regarding usuage of sinusoidal sliding frequency tests for package shaking tests.
{"title":"Application of a Novel Methodology for the Detection of Harmonic Vibration in the Acceleration-Time Functions of Vehicle Platforms","authors":"R. Pidl","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, an attempt is made to determine whether Cepstrum analysis can be applied to detect pure harmonic sine waveform acceleration-time signals in a frequency sub-band from the acceleration-time function of vehicle load platforms. Based on Cepstrum evaluation of specific measurement results at different speeds and under different road conditions, the analysis reveals that no frequency band exhibits full-period pure sinusoidal excitation, which casts doubt regarding usuage of sinusoidal sliding frequency tests for package shaking tests.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131105848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The process parameters of the Laser Metal Deposition technology in the production of simple components made of NiCuBSi type metal powder were verified in this paper. A laser head with a coaxial powder supply and argon gas was used in the production. The powder was welded to a S235J2G3 steel plate. The used parameters (heat input 0.25 kJ.mm−1) enabled the production of samples with a minimum porosity (1.2 %) and without the defects (cold joints, pores) between the weld layers.
{"title":"Use of Laser Metal Deposition Technology in Additive Manufacturing of Ni Powder Materials","authors":"P. Sejč, Jan Jaroš, B. Vanko","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The process parameters of the Laser Metal Deposition technology in the production of simple components made of NiCuBSi type metal powder were verified in this paper. A laser head with a coaxial powder supply and argon gas was used in the production. The powder was welded to a S235J2G3 steel plate. The used parameters (heat input 0.25 kJ.mm−1) enabled the production of samples with a minimum porosity (1.2 %) and without the defects (cold joints, pores) between the weld layers.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117226566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powertrain topologies are easily applicable on an existing conventional powertrain, and are frequently used in passenger vehicles, with a goal to reduce the overall fleet CO2 emissions, either with mild, full, or plug-in capability. However, for the heavy-duty trucks, the powertrain electrification progresses more slowly. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to evaluate three different hybridization options, together with two electrification options, in comparison with conventional powertrain combined with 5.9 L 6-cylinder diesel internal combustion engine in a heavy-duty 7.5-ton application. All vehicle variants are evaluated in eight vehicle driving cycles replicating different heavy-duty use-cases at different cargo levels, also considering the economical aspect of these different electrification options, calculating the payback periods for each powertrain option. The energy management control strategy, that determines the power split between the ICE and electric motor for HEV variants is an optimal one, based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. All models are programmed in-house in Python 3.9.0.
{"title":"Complex Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Truck Hybridization and Electrification Options","authors":"R. Toman, Mikuláš Adámek","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0044","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powertrain topologies are easily applicable on an existing conventional powertrain, and are frequently used in passenger vehicles, with a goal to reduce the overall fleet CO2 emissions, either with mild, full, or plug-in capability. However, for the heavy-duty trucks, the powertrain electrification progresses more slowly. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to evaluate three different hybridization options, together with two electrification options, in comparison with conventional powertrain combined with 5.9 L 6-cylinder diesel internal combustion engine in a heavy-duty 7.5-ton application. All vehicle variants are evaluated in eight vehicle driving cycles replicating different heavy-duty use-cases at different cargo levels, also considering the economical aspect of these different electrification options, calculating the payback periods for each powertrain option. The energy management control strategy, that determines the power split between the ICE and electric motor for HEV variants is an optimal one, based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. All models are programmed in-house in Python 3.9.0.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131636216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The ranking results of the alternatives are heavily influenced by the decision making method, data normalization method, and calculation method for criterion weights. In this study, five multi-criteria decision-making methods were compared: MABAC, COCOSO, MAIRCA, VIKOR, and ROV. All of these methods use the same data normarmalization method. The weights for the criteria were determined using four methods: Equal, ROC, RS, and Entropy. In two different examples, the combination of multi-criteria decision-making methods with weighting methods for ranking alternatives is demonstrated. In each example, the number of options and the number of criteria are also different. The results in both examples show that regardless of the weighting method, multi-criteria decision-making methods always determine the same best solution. Furthermore, the direction of future research has been mentioned in the final section of this paper.
{"title":"Comparison of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods Using The Same Data Standardization Method","authors":"H. Dung, Duc Trung Do, V. Nguyen","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ranking results of the alternatives are heavily influenced by the decision making method, data normalization method, and calculation method for criterion weights. In this study, five multi-criteria decision-making methods were compared: MABAC, COCOSO, MAIRCA, VIKOR, and ROV. All of these methods use the same data normarmalization method. The weights for the criteria were determined using four methods: Equal, ROC, RS, and Entropy. In two different examples, the combination of multi-criteria decision-making methods with weighting methods for ranking alternatives is demonstrated. In each example, the number of options and the number of criteria are also different. The results in both examples show that regardless of the weighting method, multi-criteria decision-making methods always determine the same best solution. Furthermore, the direction of future research has been mentioned in the final section of this paper.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121496656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Protsenko, V. Nastasenko, Mykhaylo Babiy, R. Protasov
Abstract The structure of steering gear’s HATLAPA mechanism is analyzed. It is shown that presence of redundant constraints in it increases laboriousness of gear montage and respectively worsen maintainability. On the basis of provided analysis developed mechanism with reduced more than twice redundant constrainsts number.
{"title":"Marine Ram-Type Steering Gears Maintainability Increasing","authors":"V. Protsenko, V. Nastasenko, Mykhaylo Babiy, R. Protasov","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The structure of steering gear’s HATLAPA mechanism is analyzed. It is shown that presence of redundant constraints in it increases laboriousness of gear montage and respectively worsen maintainability. On the basis of provided analysis developed mechanism with reduced more than twice redundant constrainsts number.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"8 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120860337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukáš Pacoň, O. Vitek, Vít Doleček, J. Macek, Jindřich Hořenín
Abstract This paper describes a possible approach of designing an unconventional turbocharger using co-simulation method. Our goal is to design turbochargers running optimally during pulsating and transient modes. It means to develop a tool capable of co-simulation between 3-D and 1-D CFD. This tool must be fast and precise enough and provide a reliable result. Influence of a coarse mesh versus fine mesh was examined. Different time step size was applied to determine calculation sensitivity. Different types of turbines were tested.
{"title":"Prediction of Pulsating Turbine Operation Using 1-D - 3-D Co-Simulation","authors":"Lukáš Pacoň, O. Vitek, Vít Doleček, J. Macek, Jindřich Hořenín","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0043","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper describes a possible approach of designing an unconventional turbocharger using co-simulation method. Our goal is to design turbochargers running optimally during pulsating and transient modes. It means to develop a tool capable of co-simulation between 3-D and 1-D CFD. This tool must be fast and precise enough and provide a reliable result. Influence of a coarse mesh versus fine mesh was examined. Different time step size was applied to determine calculation sensitivity. Different types of turbines were tested.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125657953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Rear wind is the air flow that blows in the rear side of the truck. Also known as a tailwind, this aerodynamic force can cause stability issues during forward travel. The methodology of the study is CFD numerical analysis of vehicle aerodynamics. The results will be acquired for the influential aerodynamic parameters, which includes velocity, pressure, vortex, stress, that will explain the impact of rear wind on the truck body. This is achieved with the aid of design, modelling, and simulations using software Comsol Multiphysics. The simulations were performed with freestream velocity of rear wind on the back and around the truck body. Virtual Wind tunnel is modelled around the truck to simulate the wind blow and distribution. There are two airflow regimes analysed: laminar flow and turbulent flow. Simulations for the laminar air flow were implemented for Compressed air flow and the velocity limit Ma<0.3. Simulations for the turbulent air flow regime were implemented based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS) and K-ω model. Anemometer device is used for the experimental measurements of the wind velocity around the truck. The wind is a function of air velocity and atmospheric pressure. The paper is in the fields of Vehicle aerodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Transport safety.
后风是吹在卡车后部的气流。也被称为顺风，这种空气动力会导致前进过程中的稳定性问题。研究方法为CFD车辆空气动力学数值分析。将获得影响气动参数的结果，包括速度、压力、涡、应力，这些参数将解释后风对卡车车身的影响。这是通过使用软件Comsol Multiphysics的设计、建模和仿真来实现的。模拟时考虑了卡车后部和车身周围风的自由流速度。在卡车周围建立虚拟风洞，模拟风的吹动和分布。分析了两种气流形式:层流和湍流。对压缩空气流和速度极限Ma<0.3进行层流模拟。基于reynolds - average Navier-Stokes方程组(RANS)和K-ω模型对湍流气流进行了模拟。风速计装置用于试验测量卡车周围的风速。风是空气速度和大气压力的函数。论文涉及车辆空气动力学、流体力学和运输安全。
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of the Rear Wind Influence on the Truck During Travel","authors":"I. Doçi, F. Shala","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rear wind is the air flow that blows in the rear side of the truck. Also known as a tailwind, this aerodynamic force can cause stability issues during forward travel. The methodology of the study is CFD numerical analysis of vehicle aerodynamics. The results will be acquired for the influential aerodynamic parameters, which includes velocity, pressure, vortex, stress, that will explain the impact of rear wind on the truck body. This is achieved with the aid of design, modelling, and simulations using software Comsol Multiphysics. The simulations were performed with freestream velocity of rear wind on the back and around the truck body. Virtual Wind tunnel is modelled around the truck to simulate the wind blow and distribution. There are two airflow regimes analysed: laminar flow and turbulent flow. Simulations for the laminar air flow were implemented for Compressed air flow and the velocity limit Ma<0.3. Simulations for the turbulent air flow regime were implemented based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANS) and K-ω model. Anemometer device is used for the experimental measurements of the wind velocity around the truck. The wind is a function of air velocity and atmospheric pressure. The paper is in the fields of Vehicle aerodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, and Transport safety.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128047677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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