P. Tkach, O. Reviakina, Anatolii Kryvosheia, V. Melnyk, O. Ustynenko, R. Protasov
Abstract A mathematical model of profile shifted quasi-involute arc-tooth-trace gears is obtained. The model includes functional relationships between the geometric-kinematic meshing characteristics and parameters of the generating surface as well as conditions which allow to prevent teeth undercutting and tip pointing. A short analysis of meshing characteristics value along the tooth trace is done for pressure angle value of 20º. This value of the angle was chosen as it is the most common one for general-duty gears, although the basic rack profile angle in the model is a variable quantity. The model can be used in the design and analysis of geometric-kinematic meshing characteristics of profile shifted quasi-involute arc-tooth-trace gears, cut by Gleason-type cutters with different profile angle value.
{"title":"Meshing Characteristics of Profile Shifted Cylindrical Quasi-Involute Arc-Tooth-Trace Gears. Part 1. Theoretical Base","authors":"P. Tkach, O. Reviakina, Anatolii Kryvosheia, V. Melnyk, O. Ustynenko, R. Protasov","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A mathematical model of profile shifted quasi-involute arc-tooth-trace gears is obtained. The model includes functional relationships between the geometric-kinematic meshing characteristics and parameters of the generating surface as well as conditions which allow to prevent teeth undercutting and tip pointing. A short analysis of meshing characteristics value along the tooth trace is done for pressure angle value of 20º. This value of the angle was chosen as it is the most common one for general-duty gears, although the basic rack profile angle in the model is a variable quantity. The model can be used in the design and analysis of geometric-kinematic meshing characteristics of profile shifted quasi-involute arc-tooth-trace gears, cut by Gleason-type cutters with different profile angle value.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116973068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The automotive industry is exposed to continued pressures, the goal of which is decarbonisation together with application of the advanced technologies and fuels, as well as utilization of the alternative vehicle drives. The main task of the scientific publication was a complex emission analysis of the selected vehicles during various test cycles, as well as a comparison of the individual emissions when using different types of fuel.
{"title":"Emission Problems of Vehicles and Advanced Fuels Application","authors":"P. Tarbajovský, M. Šoltésová, M. Puškár","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The automotive industry is exposed to continued pressures, the goal of which is decarbonisation together with application of the advanced technologies and fuels, as well as utilization of the alternative vehicle drives. The main task of the scientific publication was a complex emission analysis of the selected vehicles during various test cycles, as well as a comparison of the individual emissions when using different types of fuel.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121977787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Volovetskyi, Ya. Doroshenko, Oleh Karpash, O. Shсhyrba, S. Matkivskyi, O. Ivanov, H. Protsiuk
Abstract The reasons for decreasing the well operating parameters of depleted gas condensate fields have been analysed. A new approach has been proposed, which involves restoring the wells productivity by creating foam by means of a device developed for removing liquid from the well bottom. The expediency of using foam has been experimentally investigated for gas condensate wells to be completed and their productivity to be recovered. Techniques for removing liquid contaminants from wells have been developed, which involve injecting non-explosive gas mixtures and foams of various volumes into wells. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of the operation of the device for the wells completion with foam was carried out. The influence of the mass flow rate of an aqueous solution at the inlet to the device on the distribution of volume fraction of the gas and liquid phases, and the quality of the foam has been investigated. The understanding of the regularities of foam destruction processes by hydrocarbon condensate was obtained, and a device design was developed for the complete foam destruction.
{"title":"Experimental Studies of Efficient Wells Completion in Depleted Gas Condensate Fields by Using Foams","authors":"V. Volovetskyi, Ya. Doroshenko, Oleh Karpash, O. Shсhyrba, S. Matkivskyi, O. Ivanov, H. Protsiuk","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The reasons for decreasing the well operating parameters of depleted gas condensate fields have been analysed. A new approach has been proposed, which involves restoring the wells productivity by creating foam by means of a device developed for removing liquid from the well bottom. The expediency of using foam has been experimentally investigated for gas condensate wells to be completed and their productivity to be recovered. Techniques for removing liquid contaminants from wells have been developed, which involve injecting non-explosive gas mixtures and foams of various volumes into wells. Computational fluid dynamics modelling of the operation of the device for the wells completion with foam was carried out. The influence of the mass flow rate of an aqueous solution at the inlet to the device on the distribution of volume fraction of the gas and liquid phases, and the quality of the foam has been investigated. The understanding of the regularities of foam destruction processes by hydrocarbon condensate was obtained, and a device design was developed for the complete foam destruction.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"12 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132580345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this paper, an attempt is made to determine whether Cepstrum analysis can be applied to detect pure harmonic sine waveform acceleration-time signals in a frequency sub-band from the acceleration-time function of vehicle load platforms. Based on Cepstrum evaluation of specific measurement results at different speeds and under different road conditions, the analysis reveals that no frequency band exhibits full-period pure sinusoidal excitation, which casts doubt regarding usuage of sinusoidal sliding frequency tests for package shaking tests.
{"title":"Application of a Novel Methodology for the Detection of Harmonic Vibration in the Acceleration-Time Functions of Vehicle Platforms","authors":"R. Pidl","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, an attempt is made to determine whether Cepstrum analysis can be applied to detect pure harmonic sine waveform acceleration-time signals in a frequency sub-band from the acceleration-time function of vehicle load platforms. Based on Cepstrum evaluation of specific measurement results at different speeds and under different road conditions, the analysis reveals that no frequency band exhibits full-period pure sinusoidal excitation, which casts doubt regarding usuage of sinusoidal sliding frequency tests for package shaking tests.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131105848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The process parameters of the Laser Metal Deposition technology in the production of simple components made of NiCuBSi type metal powder were verified in this paper. A laser head with a coaxial powder supply and argon gas was used in the production. The powder was welded to a S235J2G3 steel plate. The used parameters (heat input 0.25 kJ.mm−1) enabled the production of samples with a minimum porosity (1.2 %) and without the defects (cold joints, pores) between the weld layers.
{"title":"Use of Laser Metal Deposition Technology in Additive Manufacturing of Ni Powder Materials","authors":"P. Sejč, Jan Jaroš, B. Vanko","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The process parameters of the Laser Metal Deposition technology in the production of simple components made of NiCuBSi type metal powder were verified in this paper. A laser head with a coaxial powder supply and argon gas was used in the production. The powder was welded to a S235J2G3 steel plate. The used parameters (heat input 0.25 kJ.mm−1) enabled the production of samples with a minimum porosity (1.2 %) and without the defects (cold joints, pores) between the weld layers.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117226566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powertrain topologies are easily applicable on an existing conventional powertrain, and are frequently used in passenger vehicles, with a goal to reduce the overall fleet CO2 emissions, either with mild, full, or plug-in capability. However, for the heavy-duty trucks, the powertrain electrification progresses more slowly. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to evaluate three different hybridization options, together with two electrification options, in comparison with conventional powertrain combined with 5.9 L 6-cylinder diesel internal combustion engine in a heavy-duty 7.5-ton application. All vehicle variants are evaluated in eight vehicle driving cycles replicating different heavy-duty use-cases at different cargo levels, also considering the economical aspect of these different electrification options, calculating the payback periods for each powertrain option. The energy management control strategy, that determines the power split between the ICE and electric motor for HEV variants is an optimal one, based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. All models are programmed in-house in Python 3.9.0.
{"title":"Complex Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Truck Hybridization and Electrification Options","authors":"R. Toman, Mikuláš Adámek","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0044","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) powertrain topologies are easily applicable on an existing conventional powertrain, and are frequently used in passenger vehicles, with a goal to reduce the overall fleet CO2 emissions, either with mild, full, or plug-in capability. However, for the heavy-duty trucks, the powertrain electrification progresses more slowly. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to evaluate three different hybridization options, together with two electrification options, in comparison with conventional powertrain combined with 5.9 L 6-cylinder diesel internal combustion engine in a heavy-duty 7.5-ton application. All vehicle variants are evaluated in eight vehicle driving cycles replicating different heavy-duty use-cases at different cargo levels, also considering the economical aspect of these different electrification options, calculating the payback periods for each powertrain option. The energy management control strategy, that determines the power split between the ICE and electric motor for HEV variants is an optimal one, based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. All models are programmed in-house in Python 3.9.0.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131636216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The ranking results of the alternatives are heavily influenced by the decision making method, data normalization method, and calculation method for criterion weights. In this study, five multi-criteria decision-making methods were compared: MABAC, COCOSO, MAIRCA, VIKOR, and ROV. All of these methods use the same data normarmalization method. The weights for the criteria were determined using four methods: Equal, ROC, RS, and Entropy. In two different examples, the combination of multi-criteria decision-making methods with weighting methods for ranking alternatives is demonstrated. In each example, the number of options and the number of criteria are also different. The results in both examples show that regardless of the weighting method, multi-criteria decision-making methods always determine the same best solution. Furthermore, the direction of future research has been mentioned in the final section of this paper.
{"title":"Comparison of Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods Using The Same Data Standardization Method","authors":"H. Dung, Duc Trung Do, V. Nguyen","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ranking results of the alternatives are heavily influenced by the decision making method, data normalization method, and calculation method for criterion weights. In this study, five multi-criteria decision-making methods were compared: MABAC, COCOSO, MAIRCA, VIKOR, and ROV. All of these methods use the same data normarmalization method. The weights for the criteria were determined using four methods: Equal, ROC, RS, and Entropy. In two different examples, the combination of multi-criteria decision-making methods with weighting methods for ranking alternatives is demonstrated. In each example, the number of options and the number of criteria are also different. The results in both examples show that regardless of the weighting method, multi-criteria decision-making methods always determine the same best solution. Furthermore, the direction of future research has been mentioned in the final section of this paper.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121496656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Protsenko, V. Nastasenko, Mykhaylo Babiy, R. Protasov
Abstract The structure of steering gear’s HATLAPA mechanism is analyzed. It is shown that presence of redundant constraints in it increases laboriousness of gear montage and respectively worsen maintainability. On the basis of provided analysis developed mechanism with reduced more than twice redundant constrainsts number.
{"title":"Marine Ram-Type Steering Gears Maintainability Increasing","authors":"V. Protsenko, V. Nastasenko, Mykhaylo Babiy, R. Protasov","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The structure of steering gear’s HATLAPA mechanism is analyzed. It is shown that presence of redundant constraints in it increases laboriousness of gear montage and respectively worsen maintainability. On the basis of provided analysis developed mechanism with reduced more than twice redundant constrainsts number.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"8 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120860337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Procházka, A. Dittrich, S. Beroun, T. Zvolský, R. Voženílek
Abstract The current standard methods of determining the mechanical losses of the ICE by motoring do not correspond to the low pressures in the cylinders of real engine operation. The new tried and tested method of determining passive resistances by motoring ICE with high working pressures in the cylinders is based on blowing doses of compressed air into the cylinders around BDC with special self-acting valves. When motoring with the new method, the same course of pressures in the cylinders and the same load on the crank mechanism, including the piston group, is achieved during combustion. The measurement proved the problem-free functionality of the self-acting valves, and the conducted experiments provided data on the dependence of mechanical and heat losses in the ICE on the working pressures in the cylinder.
{"title":"The Working Cycle of the Motoring Internal Combustion Engine by a New Method with Cylinder Pressures as in Real Engine Operation","authors":"R. Procházka, A. Dittrich, S. Beroun, T. Zvolský, R. Voženílek","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The current standard methods of determining the mechanical losses of the ICE by motoring do not correspond to the low pressures in the cylinders of real engine operation. The new tried and tested method of determining passive resistances by motoring ICE with high working pressures in the cylinders is based on blowing doses of compressed air into the cylinders around BDC with special self-acting valves. When motoring with the new method, the same course of pressures in the cylinders and the same load on the crank mechanism, including the piston group, is achieved during combustion. The measurement proved the problem-free functionality of the self-acting valves, and the conducted experiments provided data on the dependence of mechanical and heat losses in the ICE on the working pressures in the cylinder.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127406909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Presented paper deals with determination of dynamic stiffness of rubber bushing. Viscoelasticity of rubber is introduced. Next rheological models are shown and determined. Theory of the viscoelastic constitutive relation are done with storage modulus and loss modulus. Rubber bushing FEM model was prepared for calculation of dynamic stiffness through dynamic harmonic analysis in MSC Marc. Results from simulations are compared to experimental measurement data.
{"title":"Dynamic Stiffness Determination of the Rubber Bushing Fem Modelwith Viscoelastic Material Behaviour","authors":"J. Danko, T. Němec, T. Milesich, Ľ. Magdolen","doi":"10.2478/scjme-2022-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2022-0046","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Presented paper deals with determination of dynamic stiffness of rubber bushing. Viscoelasticity of rubber is introduced. Next rheological models are shown and determined. Theory of the viscoelastic constitutive relation are done with storage modulus and loss modulus. Rubber bushing FEM model was prepared for calculation of dynamic stiffness through dynamic harmonic analysis in MSC Marc. Results from simulations are compared to experimental measurement data.","PeriodicalId":445896,"journal":{"name":"Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126427595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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