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Simulation of Energy Conversion Processes in Linear Electromagnetic Motors with Through Axial Channel 带贯通轴向通道的线性电磁电机中的能量转换过程仿真
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/scjme-2023-0022
Vitaliy Kargin, Konstantin Usanov, A. Moiseev, Andrey Volgin, Evgeniy Chetverikov, Ludmila Lagina
Abstract Modeling of workflows of electromechanical systems with linear electromagnetic motors (LEMM) is an integral tool for their improvement in relation to discrete operations, processes and technologies of the agricultural industry or the processing of agricultural products. At the same time, the use of typical application packages for the construction and analysis of low-cost virtual models seems to be especially convenient and relevant. (The purpose of the study) To evaluate the influence of the characteristics of a hollow (non-magnetic) axial channel in the LEMM magnetic system on the allowable changes in the output indicators of the electromechanical system by virtual simulation. (Materials and Methods) Using the specialized software COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3b (CM) Matlab, Simulink, a model of an armored cylindrical two-gap LEMM with a variable geometry of a hollow (air) axial channel, which determines the characteristics of the motor magnetic system and its output energy indicators, is obtained and analyzed. (Results and discussion) Based on the results of the analysis of the inductance matrices formed by the CM simulation, the field distribution in the LEMM magnetic system is presented and the most stressed, in terms of induction values, sections of the magnetic circuit that contribute to the deterioration of the motor properties are identified. Integral indicators are given that determine the quantitative estimates of the permissible decrease in the output characteristics of a LEMM with an axial channel in a magnetic system. (Conclusions) By comparative analysis of the output static characteristics of the motor, the range of ratios of the annular section of the ferromagnetic - non-magnetic (axial channel) parts of the LEMM cylindrical armature is substantiated, for which an acceptable decrease in the output mechanical parameters of the system is provided.
摘要 线性电磁电机(LEMM)机电系统的工作流程建模是改进农业或农产品加工业离散操作、流程和技术的一个不可或缺的工具。同时,使用典型的应用软件包构建和分析低成本虚拟模型似乎特别方便和实用。(研究目的)通过虚拟仿真评估 LEMM 磁性系统中空(非磁性)轴向通道的特性对机电系统输出指标允许变化的影响。(材料与方法)利用专业软件 COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3b (CM) Matlab、Simulink,获得并分析了一个具有可变几何形状空心(空气)轴向通道的铠装圆柱形双间隙 LEMM 模型,该模型决定了电机磁系统的特性及其输出能量指标。(结果与讨论)根据 CM 仿真形成的电感矩阵分析结果,介绍了 LEMM 磁系中的磁场分布,并确定了磁路中导致电机性能恶化的感应值最大的部分。给出的积分指标确定了磁系统中带有轴向通道的 LEMM 输出特性允许下降的定量估计值。(结论)通过对电机输出静态特性的比较分析,确定了 LEMM 圆柱形电枢铁磁-非磁性(轴向通道)部分环形截面的比率范围,为系统输出机械参数的可接受下降提供了依据。
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引用次数: 0
Material Research for the Production of Outdoor and Kitchen Knife Blades at Low Costs 低成本生产户外和厨房刀片的材料研究
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/scjme-2023-0027
Mirlind Bruçi, X. Bajrami, Ari Bruçi, Qendrim Bruqi
Abstract In today’s modern times, consumers have changed the idea of shopping. They want a functional product with performance at a low price. On the other hand, the consumer demands a variety of products in the market in terms of dimensions and usability. As the requirements are different, the engineers are challenged with different tasks related to the design of production systems, process design, organization and marketing. In this research, we will present some of the special materials used for knife blades manufactured worldwide. The proper selection of materials and their thickness significantly affects the production price, processing method, corrosion resistance, mass. Special emphasis in the work is devoted to the design of the knife blade for household requirements, model ARIA22, made of EN 1.4028 stainless steel material. It describes the work of the die block, blanking punch, the necessary energy parameters for the realization of the processing process with piercing and punching, as well as the profitability of the production.
摘要 当今时代,消费者的购物观念已经发生了变化。他们需要的是物美价廉、功能强大的产品。另一方面,消费者要求市场上的产品在尺寸和实用性方面多种多样。由于要求不同,工程师们面临着与生产系统设计、流程设计、组织和营销相关的不同任务。在本研究中,我们将介绍全球生产的刀片所使用的一些特殊材料。材料及其厚度的正确选择会对生产价格、加工方法、耐腐蚀性和质量产生重大影响。工作中特别强调了家用刀片的设计,型号为 ARIA22,由 EN 1.4028 不锈钢材料制成。文中介绍了模座、冲孔冲头的工作原理,实现穿孔和冲孔加工工艺所需的能量参数,以及生产的盈利能力。
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引用次数: 0
The Model of Interconnected Pipes in the Investigation of Dynamic Stability of Carbon Nanotubes Embedded in an Elastic Medium 研究嵌入弹性介质的碳纳米管动态稳定性的互联管道模型
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/scjme-2023-0024
D. Lolov, S. Lilkova-Markova
Abstract The dynamic stability of an interconnected single-walled carbon nanotube is investigated on the basis of the Euler-beam model and with the employment of the spectral Galerkin method. The tubes under investigation are assumed hinged at its both ends and are embedded in an elastic medium. In order to investigate the effect of the surrounding elastic medium on the dynamic stability of the pipe the Pasternak elastic medium is introduced. The critical velocity is calculated for different stiffness of the elastic medium and different density of the conveyed fluid.
摘要 以欧拉梁模型为基础,采用谱 Galerkin 方法研究了相互连接的单壁碳纳米管的动态稳定性。假定被研究的碳纳米管两端铰接并嵌入弹性介质中。为了研究周围弹性介质对管道动态稳定性的影响,引入了帕斯捷尔纳克弹性介质。计算了不同弹性介质刚度和不同输送流体密度下的临界速度。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Measurement of Aluminium Alloy in High Strain Rate 铝合金在高应变速率下的测量比较
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/scjme-2023-0025
Martin Mánek, Martin Fusek
Abstract This article describes the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar test of aluminium alloy EN AW 7075-T6. This test is used for material testing at a high strain rate. Two approaches in measurement. In the first case was used one size of specimen and different initial pressure. In the second case was set one initial pressure and three different lengths of specimen. Based on measured data, constants of Johnson-Cook material model for FEM analysis were found.
摘要 本文介绍了 EN AW 7075-T6 铝合金的裂开霍普金森压力棒试验。该试验用于高应变率下的材料测试。有两种测量方法。第一种情况是使用一种尺寸的试样和不同的初始压力。第二种情况是设置一个初始压力和三个不同长度的试样。根据测量数据,找到了用于有限元分析的约翰逊-库克材料模型常数。
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引用次数: 0
Justification of the Choice of Parameters for the Gear Power Skiving Operation Based on Computer Simulation 基于计算机模拟的齿轮动力削波运行参数选择论证
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/scjme-2023-0020
Ihor Hrytsay, A. Slipchuk, Miroslav Bosansky
Abstract The paper presents the results of modelling and investigation of the gear cutting process using the power skiving method. The investigations are based on the developed geometrical model of undeformed chips. The approach is based on the original method of forming an integral three-dimensional model on the basis of discrete cross-sections of tool tooth in their successive positions on the cutting path, taking into account the shape and size of the gap previously formed by this tooth. The formulae for calculating the cutting force and the forces acting on the work gear and tool are derived as a function of the angular position of the cutter. The dependence of this force on the angle of tool shaft setting and the angle of inclination of gear teeth is studied. The formulae take into account how the cutting intensity changes due to the peculiarities of the kinematics of power skiving technology and the influence of the actual geometric parameters of the tool on the cutting force. Based on the obtained dependencies, a methodology has been developed for the selection of the axial feed rate and spindle set angle to ensure a compromise between the required productivity and the accuracy of the gear profile.
摘要 本文介绍了使用动力切削法对齿轮切削过程进行建模和研究的结果。研究基于所开发的未变形切屑几何模型。该方法基于在切削路径上连续位置的刀具齿离散截面基础上形成整体三维模型的原始方法,同时考虑到该齿之前形成的间隙的形状和大小。计算切削力以及作用在工件齿轮和刀具上的力的公式是作为刀具角度位置的函数推导出来的。研究了该力与刀具轴设置角度和齿轮齿倾角的关系。计算公式考虑到了切削强度因动力撬技术运动学的特殊性而发生的变化,以及刀具实际几何参数对切削力的影响。根据所获得的依赖关系,开发了一种选择轴向进给率和主轴设置角的方法,以确保所需的生产率和齿轮轮廓精度之间的折衷。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis and Design of Rear Twin Electric Powertrain Mounting System in E-Up Boost E-Up Boost 后双电机动力总成安装系统的分析与设计
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/scjme-2023-0018
Martin Bernáth, J. Danko, Ľ. Magdolen, T. Milesich, Tomáš Nemec
Abstract The paper focuses on analyzing and designing a mounting system for the modified rear powertrain of the E-up Boost. The initial section delves into the theoretical aspects, specifically examining the differing sources of vibration between internal combustion engines and electric powertrains. Following this, the subsequent section presents an in-depth analysis of the powertrain mounting system using ADAMS View. After the analysis is carried out, a robust mounting system is designed and verified through structural analysis.
摘要 本文的重点是分析和设计 E-up Boost 改装后动力总成的安装系统。论文的第一部分从理论方面进行了深入探讨,特别是研究了内燃机和电动动力总成之间的不同振动源。随后的章节使用 ADAMS View 对动力总成安装系统进行了深入分析。分析完成后,将设计一个坚固的安装系统,并通过结构分析进行验证。
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引用次数: 0
Model of Influence of the Machined Material Properties on Wear of the Polymeric-Abrasive Tool Filaments 加工材料性能对聚合物-磨料工具长丝磨损影响的模型
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.2478/scjme-2023-0006
N. Honchar, P. Tryshyn, D. Pavlenko, D. Stepanov, O. Khavkina
Abstract For polymer-abrasive brush tools (PABT) working on CNC machines it is necessary to correct their wear constantly, since it is much higher compared to the wear of metal tools. Based on the dependence of tool wear on machining parameters for various materials, it is necessary to study the influence of the physical and mechanical properties of the material machined. The purpose of the paper is to study the process of finishing the surfaces of parts made of materials of different types with PABT. The analysis of dimensional wear of disc PABTs during the polishing various materials with certain physical and mechanical properties is provided in the article. The polishing was carried out in rational modes that ensure high quality and productivity of surface treatment. The similarity theory and dimensional analysis were used to assess the influence of the properties of the material machined on the intensity of PABT filament wear. To calculate it, dimensionless complexes were established, which take into account the physical and mechanical properties of the machined materials and evaluate their resistance to the penetration of abrasive grains, the ability of the material to absorb mechanical energy in the process of deformation and destruction under the impact of PABT filaments. The developed model was created for the first time. It made it possible to solve the problem of predicting the degree of dimensional wear of the disc PABT when polishing various materials, including difficult-to-machine ones. Prediction of the intensity of PABT filaments wear allows timely correction of the tool position during machining on CNC machines to ensure a constant pressing of the PABT to the surface being machined. The obtained Км material coefficient takes into account the influence of the physical and mechanical properties of the machined material and then estimates the intensity of PABT filaments wear. The KМ material coefficient can also be used to assess the PABT life and calculate the economic efficiency of the parts finishing treatment at the stage of technology development and the selection of polishing tools.
对于在数控机床上工作的聚合物磨料刷刀具(PABT),由于其磨损比金属刀具要高得多,因此需要不断地对其磨损进行校正。基于刀具磨损对各种材料加工参数的依赖性,有必要研究被加工材料物理力学性能的影响。本文的目的是研究用PABT对不同类型材料制成的零件表面进行精加工的工艺过程。本文对具有一定物理力学性能的各种材料在抛光过程中的尺寸磨损进行了分析。在合理的抛光模式下进行抛光,保证了表面处理的高质量和生产率。采用相似理论和量纲分析方法评价了加工材料的性能对PABT长丝磨损强度的影响。为了计算它,建立了无量纲复合物,考虑了被加工材料的物理力学性能,并评估了材料在PABT长丝冲击下变形和破坏过程中对磨料颗粒渗透的抵抗能力、材料吸收机械能的能力。开发的模型是第一次创建的。解决了盘式PABT在抛光各种材料(包括难加工材料)时尺寸磨损程度的预测问题。预测PABT长丝磨损的强度,可以在数控机床加工过程中及时纠正刀具位置,以确保PABT对被加工表面的持续压制。得到的Км材料系数考虑了被加工材料的物理力学性能的影响,从而估计了PABT长丝的磨损强度。KМ材料系数也可用于评估PABT寿命,并在技术开发和抛光工具选择阶段计算零件精加工的经济效益。
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引用次数: 0
Basic Technological Parameters of the Activation Process for Two Bioreactor Configurations 两种生物反应器配置激活过程的基本技术参数
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.2478/scjme-2023-0004
František Dzianik, Štefan Gužela
Abstract Technological parameters of the activation process in wastewater treatment plant activation systems are analyzed for basic bioreactor configurations, for the chemostat and for the plug flow, both with the recirculation of concentrated activated sludge. The first type of bioreactors represents conventional aerated tanks, but also loop bioreactors. The second type of bioreactors includes, for example, oxidation ditches. The paper presents an evaluation of the basic technological parameters of the activation process for the two mentioned configurations of bioreactor systems with recirculation of concentrated activated sludge. In addition, a new relation for sludge age evaluation is proposed for an activation system with a plug flow bioreactor. The article also provides examples of connections between the values of the technological parameters of the activation process for the two analyzed types of bioreactor systems.
摘要:分析了污水处理厂活化系统中基本生物反应器配置、恒化器配置和塞流配置下浓缩活性污泥循环活化过程的工艺参数。第一类生物反应器是传统的曝气池,但也有循环生物反应器。第二种生物反应器包括,例如,氧化沟。本文对浓缩活性污泥循环的两种生物反应器系统激活过程的基本工艺参数进行了评价。此外,还提出了一种新的塞流生物反应器活化系统污泥年龄评价关系式。文中还举例说明了所分析的两种生物反应器系统的活化过程的工艺参数值之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Energy Saving Thermal Systems on the Mobile Platform of the Mini-Bakery 微型面包房移动平台的节能热系统
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.2478/scjme-2023-0014
Igor Stadnyk, V. Piddubnyi, A. Chahaida, V. Fedoriv, T. Hushtan, Svitlana Kraievska, Lesia Kahanets-Havrylko, Ihor Okipnyi
Abstract Evaluates energy resources in the production of bakery products on a moving platform of a mini-bakery, with the possibility of recuperating heat flows based on their redistribution with the creation of local heating zones. The final acceptable conditions were established and a heat and mass transfer model was presented for the possible control of the energy potential of flue gas emissions and the temperature of water at the outlet of the heat exchanger in constant time.
摘要:在迷你面包店的移动平台上评估烘焙产品生产中的能源资源,并通过创建局部加热区来重新分配热流,从而恢复热流的可能性。建立了最终可接受条件,并建立了恒定时间内烟气排放能量势和换热器出口水温可能控制的传热传质模型。
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引用次数: 0
Real Time Swinging Up and Stabilizing a Double Inverted Pendulum Using PID-LQR 基于PID-LQR的双倒立摆实时摆起与稳定
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.2478/scjme-2023-0013
Erjon Shala, X. Bajrami, R. Likaj, A. Pajaziti
Abstract This study describes a method for swinging up and stabilizing a double inverted pendulum (DIP) in real-time utilizing a PID-LQR combined control system. Firstly, a dynamic model of the double inverted pendulum system is made up and the equations of motion are constructed. The pendulum then is moved from its unstable position to a stable one using a PID-LQR controller. A comparison of the PID-LQR controller’s output and suggestions for improving system stability is presented and is suggested combined control system.
摘要本文研究了一种利用PID-LQR组合控制系统实现双倒立摆(DIP)的实时摆动和稳定的方法。首先,建立了双倒立摆系统的动力学模型,建立了系统的运动方程。然后利用PID-LQR控制器将摆从不稳定位置移动到稳定位置。对PID-LQR控制器的输出进行了比较,提出了提高系统稳定性的建议,并提出了组合控制系统。
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引用次数: 0
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Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering
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