Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000206
I. Ifdil, R. P. Fadli, N. Zola, E. Churnia, Y. E. Putri, Berru Amalianita
The purpose of this study was to help clients with ophidiophobia, which is excessive anxiety when confronted with snakes. Without proper attention, ophidiophobia endangers the lives of individuals. However, the disorder can be minimized using Ifdil Perceptual Light Technique. This study furthermore used 4 clients as respondents while scaling and observation were used to analyze data using a single subject research design A-B-A-B. The results of the study show that Ifdil Perceptual Light Technique reduces ophidiophobia.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Ifdil Perceptual Light Technique in Reducing Ophidiophobia","authors":"I. Ifdil, R. P. Fadli, N. Zola, E. Churnia, Y. E. Putri, Berru Amalianita","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000206","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to help clients with ophidiophobia, which is excessive anxiety when confronted with snakes. Without proper attention, ophidiophobia endangers the lives of individuals. However, the disorder can be minimized using Ifdil Perceptual Light Technique. This study furthermore used 4 clients as respondents while scaling and observation were used to analyze data using a single subject research design A-B-A-B. The results of the study show that Ifdil Perceptual Light Technique reduces ophidiophobia.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48346549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000205
M. Mobasher, A. Hassanin, M. Elsayed, D. Ayoub, S. El-Makawi
Objectives: The relationshipbetween tramadol and sexual function seems to be controversial, men with premature ejaculation may benefit from taking tramadol off-label. Yet, these patients are rather sensitive to develop other sexual dysfunctions. To date, rather a limited number of studies investigated this issue. In addition, psychological concerns related to sexual functions in these patients had not enough attention. In this paper we present a new approach which will investigate these concerns Materials and Methods: Sixty subjects (30 tramadol-dependent men and 30 matched controls). Patients were assessed by theMini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI) is to assesses the presence of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, 4th edition disorders, the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and the Sexuality Scale. Results: Tramadol patients were found to have significantly decreased different sexual functions in comparison with controls. Sexual depression scores were significantly higher in tramadol patients compared with controls (P=0.020); while sexual-esteem and sexual preoccupation scores were significantly lower in tramadol patients compared with matched controls (P=0.000 and 0.046). In the patient group, the dose of tramadol used per day showed significant negative correlationwith erectile function (P=0.04), orgasmic function (P=0.03), and sexual esteem (P=0.04); while the duration of tramadol dependence showed significant negative correlation with erectile function (P=0.04), intercourse satisfaction (P=0.01), overall satisfaction (P=0.00), and significant positive correlation with sexual preoccupation. Conclusions: Tramadol patients indeed suffer from different sexual, emotional, occupational dysfunctions, and sexually related psychopathological aspects.
{"title":"Sexual Dysfunction and Psychopathological Variables Among Tramadol Abusers: An Egyptian Perspective","authors":"M. Mobasher, A. Hassanin, M. Elsayed, D. Ayoub, S. El-Makawi","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000205","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The relationshipbetween tramadol and sexual function seems to be controversial, men with premature ejaculation may benefit from taking tramadol off-label. Yet, these patients are rather sensitive to develop other sexual dysfunctions. To date, rather a limited number of studies investigated this issue. In addition, psychological concerns related to sexual functions in these patients had not enough attention. In this paper we present a new approach which will investigate these concerns Materials and Methods: Sixty subjects (30 tramadol-dependent men and 30 matched controls). Patients were assessed by theMini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI) is to assesses the presence of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, 4th edition disorders, the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and the Sexuality Scale. Results: Tramadol patients were found to have significantly decreased different sexual functions in comparison with controls. Sexual depression scores were significantly higher in tramadol patients compared with controls (P=0.020); while sexual-esteem and sexual preoccupation scores were significantly lower in tramadol patients compared with matched controls (P=0.000 and 0.046). In the patient group, the dose of tramadol used per day showed significant negative correlationwith erectile function (P=0.04), orgasmic function (P=0.03), and sexual esteem (P=0.04); while the duration of tramadol dependence showed significant negative correlation with erectile function (P=0.04), intercourse satisfaction (P=0.01), overall satisfaction (P=0.00), and significant positive correlation with sexual preoccupation. Conclusions: Tramadol patients indeed suffer from different sexual, emotional, occupational dysfunctions, and sexually related psychopathological aspects.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49304107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-13DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000208
H. El-Shinnawy, R. Sayed, Mohamed A. Khalil, D. Ayoub
Objectives: Substance dependence is commonly seen among Egyptian young adults. Unfortunately limited data are available about the prevalence of comorbidity of mental disorders and substance dependence in this age group. In addition, substance dependence is correlated with many psychopathologic factors such as low self-esteem, childhood abuse, and stressful life events, etc. which could aggravate the load of the disorder. Methods: A case control study that included 80 patients diagnosed with substance dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, text revised (DSM-IV-TR). The sample was recruited from Kasr Al-Ainy Psychiatry and Addiction Hospital. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (cases with the diagnosis of comorbid substance dependence and othermental disorder) and group 2 (cases with the diagnosis of substance dependence only). They were examined using Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RES). Results: Patients in group 1 had significantly higher levels of impairment and disability in scores of ASI: drug use, social impairment, and psychiatric problems. They had higher percentage of psychopathologic factors, for example, history of childhood abuse. There was no significant difference in the presence of comorbid personality disorder, or history of stressful life events. Conclusions: Comorbidity of mental disorders with substance dependence is associated with more impairment and functional deterioration. Young adults with substance dependence have high levels of associated psychopathologic factors, such as childhood abuse, stressful life events, and deliberate self-harm.
目的：物质依赖在埃及年轻人中很常见。不幸的是，关于这一年龄组精神障碍和物质依赖共病的患病率，现有数据有限。此外，物质依赖与许多精神病理学因素有关，如自卑、童年虐待和压力性生活事件等，这些因素可能会加重该疾病的负担。方法：一项病例对照研究，纳入80名根据《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第四版文本修订版（DSM-IV-TR）诊断为物质依赖的患者。样本来自Kasr Al Ainy精神病和成瘾医院。受试者被分为2组：第1组（诊断为共病物质依赖和其他精神障碍的病例）和第2组（仅诊断为物质依赖的病例）。他们使用成瘾严重程度指数（ASI）和Rosenberg自尊量表（RES）进行检查。结果：第1组患者的ASI评分（药物使用、社会障碍和精神问题）的损伤和残疾水平显著较高。他们有更高比例的精神病理学因素，例如，童年虐待史。在共病人格障碍的存在或压力生活事件的历史方面没有显著差异。结论：精神障碍合并物质依赖与更多的功能障碍和功能恶化有关。有物质依赖的年轻人有很高水平的相关精神病理学因素，如童年虐待、压力生活事件和蓄意自残。
{"title":"Substance Dependence Comorbidity With Mental Disorders in Egyptian Young Adults","authors":"H. El-Shinnawy, R. Sayed, Mohamed A. Khalil, D. Ayoub","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000208","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Substance dependence is commonly seen among Egyptian young adults. Unfortunately limited data are available about the prevalence of comorbidity of mental disorders and substance dependence in this age group. In addition, substance dependence is correlated with many psychopathologic factors such as low self-esteem, childhood abuse, and stressful life events, etc. which could aggravate the load of the disorder. Methods: A case control study that included 80 patients diagnosed with substance dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, text revised (DSM-IV-TR). The sample was recruited from Kasr Al-Ainy Psychiatry and Addiction Hospital. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (cases with the diagnosis of comorbid substance dependence and othermental disorder) and group 2 (cases with the diagnosis of substance dependence only). They were examined using Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RES). Results: Patients in group 1 had significantly higher levels of impairment and disability in scores of ASI: drug use, social impairment, and psychiatric problems. They had higher percentage of psychopathologic factors, for example, history of childhood abuse. There was no significant difference in the presence of comorbid personality disorder, or history of stressful life events. Conclusions: Comorbidity of mental disorders with substance dependence is associated with more impairment and functional deterioration. Young adults with substance dependence have high levels of associated psychopathologic factors, such as childhood abuse, stressful life events, and deliberate self-harm.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42668916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-07DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000207
Medhat M. Bassiony, M. Fawzi, Haidy K. Ammar, Yomna Khalil
Purpose: Cannabis use among adolescents is a public health problem, one associated with intellectual and cognitive impairment. This study investigated the negative impact of cannabis use on adolescents’ school grades and intelligence. Methods: The study screened 1682 students during their university preadmission medical examination. Thirty-six students tested positive for cannabis, and 36 controls who tested negative for drugs were also included in the study. Sociodemographic and clinical data, school grades, and IQ (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) scores were collected from cases and controls. Results: Cases weremore likely to have lower final exam grades than controls in secondary and preparatory school, although they had higher grades than controls in primary school before starting cannabisuse. Caseswere more likely to have lower scores in verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, and total IQ than controls. However, the working memory and processing speed scores of both groups were equivalent. Students who started cannabis use at an earlier age (<15 y old) were more likely to have lower scores in total and all domains of IQ except verbal comprehension than students who started at a later age (>15 y old). There was an association between frequent use of cannabis and lower IQ scores (total and all domains). Conclusions: Cannabis use is associated with lower school grades and intelligence scores among adolescents, especially those who used cannabis frequently and at a young age.
{"title":"The Negative Impact of Cannabis Use on School Grades and Intelligence Among Adolescents","authors":"Medhat M. Bassiony, M. Fawzi, Haidy K. Ammar, Yomna Khalil","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000207","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Cannabis use among adolescents is a public health problem, one associated with intellectual and cognitive impairment. This study investigated the negative impact of cannabis use on adolescents’ school grades and intelligence. Methods: The study screened 1682 students during their university preadmission medical examination. Thirty-six students tested positive for cannabis, and 36 controls who tested negative for drugs were also included in the study. Sociodemographic and clinical data, school grades, and IQ (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) scores were collected from cases and controls. Results: Cases weremore likely to have lower final exam grades than controls in secondary and preparatory school, although they had higher grades than controls in primary school before starting cannabisuse. Caseswere more likely to have lower scores in verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, and total IQ than controls. However, the working memory and processing speed scores of both groups were equivalent. Students who started cannabis use at an earlier age (<15 y old) were more likely to have lower scores in total and all domains of IQ except verbal comprehension than students who started at a later age (>15 y old). There was an association between frequent use of cannabis and lower IQ scores (total and all domains). Conclusions: Cannabis use is associated with lower school grades and intelligence scores among adolescents, especially those who used cannabis frequently and at a young age.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45598310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-07DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000204
Juan P. Borda, Pablo Zuleta
Homeless substance users (HSUs) represent a public health challenge given their high social impact and the numerous barriers they have to overcome to receivemental health treatment. Recent public debate in Colombia is concerned with how to approach HSUs within the health system. The aim of this publication was to explore the possibility of implementing Psychiatric Advance Directives (PADs) in HSUs as an alternative to coercive treatment, to favor substance abuse treatment adherence and service retention in this population. For this purpose, the authors conducted 3 in-depth interviews of individuals who previously experienced homelessness and were voluntarily admitted to an inpatient substance abuse treatment ward at the moment of the interview. This research indicates that substance abuse in homeless individuals does not imply an impairment of their mental or legal capacity. Moreover, restraining HSUs during intense craving episodes within inpatient settings by implementation of PAD does not seem to be a viable option given the multiple risks and challenges it poses to mental health care providers. Finally, the use of any coercivemeasure towardHSUs, and this type of PADs in particular, could potentially be associated with violent episodes or human rights violations within mental health institutions.
{"title":"Ulysses Coercion Through Psychiatric Advanced Directives in Homeless People With Substance Use Disorder: A Qualitative Study of the Colombian Perspective","authors":"Juan P. Borda, Pablo Zuleta","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000204","url":null,"abstract":"Homeless substance users (HSUs) represent a public health challenge given their high social impact and the numerous barriers they have to overcome to receivemental health treatment. Recent public debate in Colombia is concerned with how to approach HSUs within the health system. The aim of this publication was to explore the possibility of implementing Psychiatric Advance Directives (PADs) in HSUs as an alternative to coercive treatment, to favor substance abuse treatment adherence and service retention in this population. For this purpose, the authors conducted 3 in-depth interviews of individuals who previously experienced homelessness and were voluntarily admitted to an inpatient substance abuse treatment ward at the moment of the interview. This research indicates that substance abuse in homeless individuals does not imply an impairment of their mental or legal capacity. Moreover, restraining HSUs during intense craving episodes within inpatient settings by implementation of PAD does not seem to be a viable option given the multiple risks and challenges it poses to mental health care providers. Finally, the use of any coercivemeasure towardHSUs, and this type of PADs in particular, could potentially be associated with violent episodes or human rights violations within mental health institutions.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46157566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000201
J. Patel, K. Alhussain, U. Sambamoorthi
Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the extent to which differences in person-level characteristics between opioid users and nonusers contribute to poor healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) of long-term opioid users with chronic noncancer pain condition (CNCP). Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults (n=5917) using longitudinal data from multiple years of Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Adults with CNCPwere classified into short-term, long-term, and opioid nonusers. We measured HRQoL with physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores from the Short-Form 12 Questionnaire. A regression decomposition analysis of results from linear regression was performed. Results: Among adults with CNCP, 17.8% and 17.2% reported long-term and short-term opioid use, respectively. Longterm opioid users had lower PCS scores (β=−4.48; P<0.001) as compared with nonusers, even after adjusting for other independent variables. There were no statistically significant associations of long-term opioid use to MCS and short-term opioid use to both PCS and MCS scores. Postlinear regression decomposition analyses revealed that 44.8% of the difference in PCS scores (−3.76 of −8.41) was explained by differences in employment, physical activity, number of CNCP, and other chronic conditions, and use of nonopioid pain medications between long-term opioid users and nonusers. Conclusions: Long-term opioid use was associated with lower HRQoL. The difference in HRQoL between long-term opioid users and nonusers was explained by both modifiable and nonmodifiable patient characteristics. Our findings suggest that improving HRQoL among long-term opioid users may require interventions and policies both within and beyond health care.
{"title":"What Explains Poor Health-related Quality of Life Associated With Opioid Use Among Adults With Chronic Noncancer Pain Conditions? A Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition","authors":"J. Patel, K. Alhussain, U. Sambamoorthi","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000201","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the extent to which differences in person-level characteristics between opioid users and nonusers contribute to poor healthrelated quality of life (HRQoL) of long-term opioid users with chronic noncancer pain condition (CNCP). Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults (n=5917) using longitudinal data from multiple years of Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Adults with CNCPwere classified into short-term, long-term, and opioid nonusers. We measured HRQoL with physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores from the Short-Form 12 Questionnaire. A regression decomposition analysis of results from linear regression was performed. Results: Among adults with CNCP, 17.8% and 17.2% reported long-term and short-term opioid use, respectively. Longterm opioid users had lower PCS scores (β=−4.48; P<0.001) as compared with nonusers, even after adjusting for other independent variables. There were no statistically significant associations of long-term opioid use to MCS and short-term opioid use to both PCS and MCS scores. Postlinear regression decomposition analyses revealed that 44.8% of the difference in PCS scores (−3.76 of −8.41) was explained by differences in employment, physical activity, number of CNCP, and other chronic conditions, and use of nonopioid pain medications between long-term opioid users and nonusers. Conclusions: Long-term opioid use was associated with lower HRQoL. The difference in HRQoL between long-term opioid users and nonusers was explained by both modifiable and nonmodifiable patient characteristics. Our findings suggest that improving HRQoL among long-term opioid users may require interventions and policies both within and beyond health care.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42642231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-06DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000203
N. Gupta, C. Emerman
It is estimated that about 8% of patients with alcohol use disorder develop withdrawal symptoms when admitted to the hospital. There are a variety of medications typically used for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and the purpose of this study was to assess patterns of medication use for inpatients with an AWS. We searched the Explorys IBM Watson Health Database for patients coded with AWS and an inpatient encounter from the years 2016 to 2019. We then searched for medication use associated with the admission focusing on benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antiepileptics, haloperidol, clonidine, and baclofen. During the 4-year study analysis, we identified 96,050 inpatients. Benzodiazepines were used in a number greater than the number of inpatients suggesting the use of multiple agents. The antiepileptics were used sparingly varying from 2% to 14% by an agent. Clonidine was used in 42% of patients and haloperidol in 44% of patients. Phenobarbital was rarely used. Baclofen was used in the same frequency as some of the antiepileptics. In summary, adjunctive agents with literature support such as carbamazepine were used sparingly. Many patients receive clonidine and haloperidol. Opportunities seem to exist to expand the use of adjunctive agents.
据估计，大约8%的酒精使用障碍患者在入院时出现戒断症状。有多种药物通常用于治疗酒精戒断综合征（AWS），本研究的目的是评估患有AWS的住院患者的药物使用模式。我们在Explorys IBM Watson健康数据库中搜索了2016年至2019年使用AWS编码的患者和一次住院经历。然后，我们搜索与入院相关的药物使用，重点是苯二氮卓类药物、巴比妥类药物、抗癫痫药物、氟哌啶醇、可乐定和巴氯芬。在为期4年的研究分析中，我们确定了96050名住院患者。苯二氮卓类药物的使用人数大于住院患者人数，表明使用了多种药物。抗癫痫药物的使用量很小，每种药物的使用比例从2%到14%不等。42%的患者使用了可乐定，44%的患者使用氟哌啶醇。苯巴比妥很少使用。巴氯芬的使用频率与一些抗癫痫药物的使用频率相同。总之，有文献支持的辅助剂如卡马西平的使用较少。许多患者接受可乐定和氟哌啶醇治疗。似乎存在扩大使用辅助制剂的机会。
{"title":"Trends in the Management of Inpatients With Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome","authors":"N. Gupta, C. Emerman","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000203","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that about 8% of patients with alcohol use disorder develop withdrawal symptoms when admitted to the hospital. There are a variety of medications typically used for alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) and the purpose of this study was to assess patterns of medication use for inpatients with an AWS. We searched the Explorys IBM Watson Health Database for patients coded with AWS and an inpatient encounter from the years 2016 to 2019. We then searched for medication use associated with the admission focusing on benzodiazepines, barbiturates, antiepileptics, haloperidol, clonidine, and baclofen. During the 4-year study analysis, we identified 96,050 inpatients. Benzodiazepines were used in a number greater than the number of inpatients suggesting the use of multiple agents. The antiepileptics were used sparingly varying from 2% to 14% by an agent. Clonidine was used in 42% of patients and haloperidol in 44% of patients. Phenobarbital was rarely used. Baclofen was used in the same frequency as some of the antiepileptics. In summary, adjunctive agents with literature support such as carbamazepine were used sparingly. Many patients receive clonidine and haloperidol. Opportunities seem to exist to expand the use of adjunctive agents.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47273898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-17DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000198
Mahmoud M. El Habiby, Hanan H. El Rassas, M. Morsy, Nesreen Mohsen, F. Ezzat
Background: The history of substance abuse is as old as mankind itself. Currently, it has become a global problem that is influenced by social, economic, political, and psychosocial factors. Scientists have long noted an association between social relationships and health. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to discuss similarities and differences between the genders in substance use disorders, highlight the severity of substance use disorders, and focus on comorbidities in both males and females. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 117 addicted patients (39 women and 78 men) seeking treatment in Egyptian psychiatric hospitals. The patients were recruited from the inpatient and outpatient departments of 3 governmental hospitals. Results: A statistically significant difference in various parameters such as the mean age of onset of abuse was higher among men. The percentage of married men was lower in comparison to women; there was a higher percentage of divorces among women. More women had completed primary levels of education, but more men had completed tertiary diplomas. Physical and emotional abuse was more prevalent among men, but women were exposed more to sexual abuse. Men had greater legal problems. Job and dealing drugs as a source of money for drugs were mainly prevalent among men, but women obtained money mainly from the family or through prostitution. Men showed higher rates of hepatitis C virus infection. Conclusions: There is a clear difference between men and women in many of the aspects covered in this study, which confirms that different programs need to be developed specifically for women, instead of conducting the same treatment programs for both men and women, which leads to unsatisfactory results among female patients and dissatisfaction also among those involved in the treatment of addiction.
{"title":"Gender Differences in Clinical and Sociodemographic Patterns of Substance Use Disorder","authors":"Mahmoud M. El Habiby, Hanan H. El Rassas, M. Morsy, Nesreen Mohsen, F. Ezzat","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000198","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The history of substance abuse is as old as mankind itself. Currently, it has become a global problem that is influenced by social, economic, political, and psychosocial factors. Scientists have long noted an association between social relationships and health. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to discuss similarities and differences between the genders in substance use disorders, highlight the severity of substance use disorders, and focus on comorbidities in both males and females. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on a sample of 117 addicted patients (39 women and 78 men) seeking treatment in Egyptian psychiatric hospitals. The patients were recruited from the inpatient and outpatient departments of 3 governmental hospitals. Results: A statistically significant difference in various parameters such as the mean age of onset of abuse was higher among men. The percentage of married men was lower in comparison to women; there was a higher percentage of divorces among women. More women had completed primary levels of education, but more men had completed tertiary diplomas. Physical and emotional abuse was more prevalent among men, but women were exposed more to sexual abuse. Men had greater legal problems. Job and dealing drugs as a source of money for drugs were mainly prevalent among men, but women obtained money mainly from the family or through prostitution. Men showed higher rates of hepatitis C virus infection. Conclusions: There is a clear difference between men and women in many of the aspects covered in this study, which confirms that different programs need to be developed specifically for women, instead of conducting the same treatment programs for both men and women, which leads to unsatisfactory results among female patients and dissatisfaction also among those involved in the treatment of addiction.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46954104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-09DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000200
Nahla E. Nagy Abdelhamid, Nesreen M. Ibrahim, R. Hashem, S. Marzouk, Mohamed H. Abd El Moneam
Objectives: Various studies have proven the presence of disturbances in emotional processing among patients with substance abuse. In the current study, we aimed to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI), tramadol dependence, and comorbid personality disorders. Methods: Thirty adult male patients with tramadol dependence and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the current study. Participants were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Axis I diagnosis (SCID-I) and the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Axis-II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). EI was assessed using the Schutte SelfReport Emotional Intelligence Test. Results: With respect to the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test score, there was a statistically significant difference between patients with tramadol dependence and the control group in all domains of EI (P<0.001). With respect to the SCID-II, the most common personality disorders reported among patients with tramadol dependence were borderline personality disorder (13, 43.3%), followed by depressive personality disorder (12, 40%) and narcissistic personality disorder (10, 33.3%). There was no statistically significant difference between common personality disorders and all domains of EI. Conclusion: The susceptibility to tramadol dependence is most likely to underlie disturbances in EI, suggesting that treatment strategies targeting the management of emotions would reduce this risk.
{"title":"The Interplay Between Emotional Intelligence, Tramadol Dependence, and Comorbid Personality Disorder","authors":"Nahla E. Nagy Abdelhamid, Nesreen M. Ibrahim, R. Hashem, S. Marzouk, Mohamed H. Abd El Moneam","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000200","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Various studies have proven the presence of disturbances in emotional processing among patients with substance abuse. In the current study, we aimed to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI), tramadol dependence, and comorbid personality disorders. Methods: Thirty adult male patients with tramadol dependence and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the current study. Participants were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Axis I diagnosis (SCID-I) and the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Axis-II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). EI was assessed using the Schutte SelfReport Emotional Intelligence Test. Results: With respect to the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test score, there was a statistically significant difference between patients with tramadol dependence and the control group in all domains of EI (P<0.001). With respect to the SCID-II, the most common personality disorders reported among patients with tramadol dependence were borderline personality disorder (13, 43.3%), followed by depressive personality disorder (12, 40%) and narcissistic personality disorder (10, 33.3%). There was no statistically significant difference between common personality disorders and all domains of EI. Conclusion: The susceptibility to tramadol dependence is most likely to underlie disturbances in EI, suggesting that treatment strategies targeting the management of emotions would reduce this risk.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47969091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-09DOI: 10.1097/ADT.0000000000000195
K. Siste, Enjeline Hanafi, Diana Jamtani, B. Murtani, Evania Beatrice, Hans Christian, Reza Damayanti, K. Firdaus, R. Ismail
Objectives: The increasing prevalence of gaming disorder poses new challenges in terms of detection and prevention. Identification of risk factors is necessary to predict, diagnose, treat, and form health policies as regards to gaming disorders. The objective of this study was to report cases in regard to the identification of parenting style as a risk factor for gaming disorder and its role in the management of the condition. Methods: Through clinical case descriptions, we present 2 cases where patients were brought to our addiction clinic due to excessive gaming causing social and academic dysfunction. Results: These cases portray 2 different parenting styles, authoritarian and permissive, both contributing heavily to the gaming disorder they endured. The patients were provided with family therapy along with motivational enhancement and pharmacotherapy which resulted in improvement in their Internet Addiction Test scores. Conclusions: This case series presents 2 cases of gaming disorder in Indonesia wherein parenting style plays an important role in predisposing individuals to gaming disorder. To our knowledge, this report is the first to explore cases of gaming disorder in Indonesia and the treatment plans implemented in these cases can be used as a clinical recommendation for the management of gaming disorders in Indonesia. Expectantly, information regarding the association of parenting styles and gaming can aid in screening and treatment of gaming disorders.
{"title":"Gaming Disorder and Parenting Style: A Case Series","authors":"K. Siste, Enjeline Hanafi, Diana Jamtani, B. Murtani, Evania Beatrice, Hans Christian, Reza Damayanti, K. Firdaus, R. Ismail","doi":"10.1097/ADT.0000000000000195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000195","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The increasing prevalence of gaming disorder poses new challenges in terms of detection and prevention. Identification of risk factors is necessary to predict, diagnose, treat, and form health policies as regards to gaming disorders. The objective of this study was to report cases in regard to the identification of parenting style as a risk factor for gaming disorder and its role in the management of the condition. Methods: Through clinical case descriptions, we present 2 cases where patients were brought to our addiction clinic due to excessive gaming causing social and academic dysfunction. Results: These cases portray 2 different parenting styles, authoritarian and permissive, both contributing heavily to the gaming disorder they endured. The patients were provided with family therapy along with motivational enhancement and pharmacotherapy which resulted in improvement in their Internet Addiction Test scores. Conclusions: This case series presents 2 cases of gaming disorder in Indonesia wherein parenting style plays an important role in predisposing individuals to gaming disorder. To our knowledge, this report is the first to explore cases of gaming disorder in Indonesia and the treatment plans implemented in these cases can be used as a clinical recommendation for the management of gaming disorders in Indonesia. Expectantly, information regarding the association of parenting styles and gaming can aid in screening and treatment of gaming disorders.","PeriodicalId":44600,"journal":{"name":"Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2020-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/ADT.0000000000000195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42752120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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